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DESIGN OF PNEUMATIC TRUCK

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ISSN: 2455-2631 © September 2016 IJSDR | Volume 1, Issue 9

DESIGN OF PNEUMATIC TRUCK

M.Sudhakar Reddy1, V.Madhava2, A.V.Hari Babu3, P.Naresh4
1. Assistant Professor in ME Dept, SVR College of Engineering, Nandyal.
2. Assistant Professor in ME Dept, SVR College of Engineering, Nandyal.
3. Associate Professor & HOD OF ME Dept, SVR College of Engineering, Nandyal.
4. Ph.D. Research scholar in ME Dept., RGMCET, Nandyal

ABSTRACT: Tipper has lots of applications in today’s world. In industrial and domestic considerations, tippers can haul
a variety of products including gravel, potatoes, grain, sand, compost, heavy rocks, etc. By considering wide scope of the
topic, it is necessary to do study and research on the topic of tipper mechanism in order to make it more economical and
efficient. In existing system, tipper can unload only in one side by using pneumatic jack or conveyor mechanism. By this
research it is easy for the driver to unload the trailer and also it reduces time and fuel consumption. For making tipper
mechanism with such above conditions both mechanisms namely pneumatic jack and conveyor mechanism can be used.
But eventually it comes with question that how both systems can arrange in single set up.

Keywords: - conveyor mechanism, tipper mechanism, pneumatic jack

1. Introduction
Tipper has lots of applications in today‟s world. direction to dump the material it in carrying and hence the
In industrial and domestic considerations, tippers can haul a need of the project work riser which is about 3 way
variety of products including gravel, potatoes, grain, sand, dropping dumper which can dump the material in any
compost, heavy rocks, etc. direction except the rental one without moving the truck in
A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk any direction.
material, often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished Hydraulic Dump Bodies Hydraulics was being
from dump trucks by configuration: a dumper is usually an incorporated into truck mounted dump bodies relatively
open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the early on, in which record shows one of the first hydraulic
driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load. dump bodies was the Roberuston Steam Wagon with a
The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name hydraulic hoist that received power from the truck„s engine
"dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered. A or an independent steam engine. All.ey & McLellan of
towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor. Glasgow developed another early hydraulic dump body in
Dumpers with rubber tracks are used in special 1907 that was power-driven by steam.
circumstances and are popular in some countries. Early Articulated Dump Truck:
dumpers had a payload of about a ton and were 2- wheel An articulated dump truck, or in the construction
drive, driving on the front axle and steered at the back world, has a hinge between the cab and the dump box, but is
wheels. The single cylinder diesel engine (sometimes made distinct from semi-trailer trucks in that the cab is a
by Lister) was started by hand cranking. The steering wheel permanent fixture, not a separable vehicle. Steering is
turned the back wheels, not front. Having neither electrics accomplished via hydraulic rams that pivot the entire cab,
nor hydraulics there was not much to go wrong. The skip other than rack and pinion steering on the front axle. This
was secured by a catch by the driver's feet. When the catch vehicle is highly adaptable to rough terrain.
is released, the skip tips under the weight of its contents at In line with its use in rough terrain, longer
pivot point below, and after being emptied is raised by hand. distances and overly flat surfaces tend to cause driveline
Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10000kg and troubles, and failures. Articulated trucks are often referred
usually steer by articulating at the middle of the chassis to as the modern scraper, in the sense that they carry a much
(pivot steering). higher maintenance burden than most trucks. See the first
They have multi-cylinder diesel engines, some mass produced articulated dump truck (articulated hauler) .
turbocharged, electric start and hydraulics for tipping and Transfer Dump Truck A transfer dump is a standard dump
steering and are more expensive to make and operate. An A- truck which pulls a separate trailer which can also be loaded
frame known as a ROPS (Roll-Over Protection) frame may with aggregate (gravel, sand, asphalt, klinkers, snow, wood
be fitted over the seat to protect the driver if the dumper chips, triple mix, etc. The second aggregate container, (B
rolls over. Some dumpers have FOPS (Falling Object box) on the trailer, is powered by either an electric,
Protection) as well. Lifting skips are available for pneumatic motor or hydraulic line.
discharging above ground level. In the 1990s dumpers with It rolls on small wheels, riding on rails from the
swivel skips, which could be rotated to tip sideways, trailer's frame, into the empty main dump (A) box. This
became popular, especially for working in narrow sites such maximizes payload capacity without sacrificing the
as road works. Dumpers are the most common cause of maneuverability of the standard dump truck. Transfer
accidents involving construction plant. A dumper is an dumps are typically seen in the western United States
integral part of any construction work and hence its role is because of the peculiar weight restrictions on western
important for completion of any constructional site. highways. Another configuration is called a Triple Transfer
One of the problem are cited with dumper in the Train, which consists of a B and C box. These are common
time and energy for setting the huge dumper in the proper on Nevada and Utah Highways but not in California.

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Depending on the axle arrangement, a Triple

Transfer can haul up to 129,000 kilograms (280,000
pounds) with a special permit in certain US states. The
Triple Transfer usually costs a contractor about $105 an
hour while A/B configures usually runs about $85 per hour
(2007 stats). 4. Truck and pup: A truck and pup is very
similar to a transfer dump. It consists of a standard dump
truck pulling a dump trailer. The pup trailer, unlike the
transfer, has its own hydraulic ram and is capable of self-
unloading. Fig 1.3unloading in back word direction
The photo, or may be of the 'cross spread' type
with the gates opening front to rear instead of left and right. 1.2.BlockDiagram
The cross spread gates will actually spread gravel fairly
evenly the width of the trailer. By comparison, the windrow
gates leave a pile in the middle. The cross spreads jam and
do not work well with larger materials. Likewise they are
not suitable for use where spreading is not desired such as
when hot asphalt paving material is being dumped into a
paving machine.
1.1 Body truck

Fig 1.1 unloading in left direction

Fig 1.2 unloading in left direction

2. CONSTRUCTION

2.1Specifications:-

Parts specifications
Trailer length 62cms
Trailerwidth 37cms
Compressor capacity 8lits
Cylinder stroke 5inchs
Battery 12v
Motor 12v
Piston diameter 20mm
• Flanged-type cylinders: Fixed flanges are added to the ends
Depending on the job specification, there are multiple forms of cylinder, however,
of body constructions available:
• Tie rod cylinders: The most common cylinder constructions this form of construction is more common in hydraulic
that can be used in many types of loads. Has been proven to cylinder construction.
be the safest form.

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• One-piece welded cylinders: Ends are welded or crimped to water systems, steam and condensate systems etc. Face-to-
the tube, this form is inexpensive but makes the cylinder face dimensions conform to EN 558 part 2, series 52. It will
non-serviceable. be used on oil, air, gas and water applications, alternative
• Threaded end cylinders: Ends are screwed onto the tube seat materials are available.
body. The reduction of material can weaken the tube and Stainless steel ball valves
may introduce thread concentricity problems to the system.
2.2 Material
Upon job specification, the material may be
chosen. Material range from nickel-plated brass to
aluminum, and even steel and stainless steel. Depending on
the level of loads, humidity, temperature, and stroke lengths
specified, the appropriate material may be selected.
2.3 Mounts
Depending on the location of the application and
machinability, there exist different kinds of mounts for
Fig 2.3.3 Stainless steel ball valves
attaching pneumatic cylinders:
Manufactured to stringent specification providing
Type of Mount Ends reliable tight shut-off and less maintenance. Wide range of
Rod End Cylinder End sizes, materials & body design option providing a suitable
model for any application. Precision design providing
Plain Plain compact valves and corrosion resistant bodies ensure long
life of the product.
Threaded Foot Glove & modulating valves
Clevis Bracket-single or double
Torque or eye Trunnion
Flanged Flanged
Clevis etc.

Sizes
Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and
can typically range from a small 2.5 mm (1⁄10 in) air
cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small
transistor or other electronic component, to 400 mm (16 in)
diameter air cylinders which would impart enough force to
lift a car. Fig 2.3.4 Glove & modulating valves
Some pneumatic cylinders reach 1,000 mm (39 in) Our pneumatically operated 2/2-way globe valve
in diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic cylinders for has a low maintenance membrane actuator which can be
special circumstances where leaking hydraulic oil could controlled by inert gaseous media. The valve plug is fixed to
impose an extreme hazard. the spindle in such a way as to allow flexing during closure
Valves in order to ensure tight shut off. The valve spindle is sealed
by a self-adjusting gland packing providing low
maintenance and reliable valve spindle sealing even after a
long service life. The wiper ring fitted in front of the gland
packing protects it against contamination.
Pneumatic control valves & actuators

Fig 2.3.1 Piston actuated valves

Our piston actuated valves provide a competitive
solution for OEM on/off control applications by combining
many key benefits in one valve. A unique quality product
designed to meet our customer‟s needs offering reliability
combined with high performance shut-off.
Sanitary check valves Fig 2.3.5 Pneumatic control valves & actuators
Our pneumatically operated control valves have
been especially developed to conform to the stringent
regulations in the field of cryogenics as well as in the
pharmaceutical and food processing industries. The
requirements placed on control valves intended for
processing plants vary considerably depending on the field
of application. Therefore our valves are designed as
modular assemblies that allow us to respond with utmost
flexibility to our customers‟ requirements.
Fig 2.3.2 sanitary check valves
Our stainless steel check valves are suitable for use on a
wide range of fluids for applications in process lines, hot

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Pneumatic positioners

Fig 2.3. 10 Grippers

Fig 2.3.6 Pneumatic positioners The functions of our grippers (Grip and rotate) can
We offer pneumatics positioners to be used with be controlled separately either 90° or 180°, combined in a
our control valves . Single-acting or double-acting compact module. The grippers opening angle is infinitely
positioners for pneumatic control valves belong to the adjustable from 1° to 180°. At 180° opening angle, the
classics in our brand‟s product range. Already proven in workpiece is clear of the jaws, therefore no linear retraction
thousands of applications, they provide safety in processes. stroke is needed.
Sanitary diaphragm valves
Hydraulics

Fig 2.3.7 sanitary diaphragm valves

Fig 2.3.11 Hydraulic cylinders
The diaphragm pneumatically operated 2/2-way
diaphragm valve has a low maintenance actuator. Normally
We offer you a well-structured and systematically
Closed, Normally Open and Double Acting control
engineered range of hydraulic cylinders geared to your
functions are available. The modular actuator system
application requirements. Our cylinders line conforms to
permits a variety of options to be used such as tank bottom
NFPA, ISO, and DIN standards and is 100% tested. The
valves, T valves, sampling valves, multi-port valves and
cylinder product range constitutes three different categories
tandem welded configurations.
according to design type.
Pneumatics
Solenoid valves

Fig. 2.3.8 Pneumatic cylinders Fig 2.3.12 Solenoid valves

Our pneumatic cylinders will vary in appearance,
size and function, they generally fall into one of the specific We offer a full line of directional (spool and
categories. However there are also numerous of types of poppet), proportional, pressure, flow, check, logic
pneumatic cylinder available, many of which are designed cartridges, “sandwich” (modular), and cartridge type valves.
to fulfill specific and specialiszed functions. You just have This is the best fordemanding hydraulics systems
to ask what you need for your specific application applications – requiring for example, standard pressure
Air preparation & hoses capability to 4500psi and higher, coupled with flow
limitations measured to the 1000‟s of gallons per minute.
Gear & Transmission Components

Fig 2.3.13 Ball rail systems

Fig. 2.3.9 Air preparation & hoses Make up your own compact linear motion
Choose from a range of high performance and guideways from interchangeable standard stock elements.
efficient Air Preparation products for your application We offer ball guide rails and ball runner blocks with such
needs. Parker offers a large selection of filters, lubricators, high precision, especially in the running rack zone, that each
pressure regulators, air dryers and combination units. individual component element can be replaced by another at
Grippers any time.
Stainless steel chains

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Chest is electrically welded for additional strength, and

features a full-length hinge with a watershed. We have a lot
of models.
Filters

Fig 2.3.14 Stainless steel chains

Standard roller chain is broadly used in power
transmission applications ranging from general industrial
applications to demanding oil field service to operation in
such specialized areas as food processing and heavy Fig 2.3.19 Air, gas & liquids filters
construction equipment. Single and multiple standard roller Our filters have been developed to be used as air,
chains, available in many sizes, meet most drive gas and liquids sterilizing filters in the pharmaceutical and
requirements. biotechnology industries. We have the most popular brands
Gears & components available on the marke
8. CONCLUSION
After carrying out the testing of this project will get
positive output. It has been obtained most of the objectives
and goals that would set for the designers point of view. It
has been able to increase the easiness in unloading trolley,
Problems occurred at the time of unloading the trolley in the
critical areas are eliminated. And thereby finally reducing
overall time and fuel consumption for the unloading of
Fig 2.3.15 Gears & components material from the trailer.
Designed to meet the tough challenges of medium and
heavy-duty operations, our gears give you everything you 3. REFERENCES
choose for outstanding design, durability, minimal failure, 1. A. C. Rasmussen invented “Tractor-Trailer Dumping
easy maintenance and overall efficiency. Vehicle” Patent Number: US2165507, July 11, 1939.
Tools 2. Jacob N. Gust, West FarsoN.Dak invented “Trailer with
continuous conveyor belt” Patent Number US5102285,
April 7, 1992 .
3. Simon Ariech, Geneva, Switzerland invented “Belt
conveyor” Patent Number US4058204, Nov. 15, 1977.
Fig 2.3.16 Hand tools 4. Thomas R. Brown, Randal L. Zerbe, Patrick C. O‟Brien,
One wrench, many jobs. Wrenches, hammers, James K. Bertsch invented “Conveyor Mechanism” Patent
screwdrivers and so on. Be prepared for any project, our Number: US5934862, Aug. 10, 1999.
reinforced tools will help you to do any job. They are heavy 5. Philip J. Sweet, Buck C. Hamlet David L. Sweet invented
duty and easy to “Cargo Box” Patent Number: US4068769, Jan. 17, 1978.
6. Leonard J. Eisenman invented “Bulk Bed” Patent
Number: US4055265, Oct.25, 1977.
7. W. Scott Kalm, Morteza M. Langroodi, Keith Corrigan
invented “Modular Power Roller Conveyor” Patent
Number: US5582286, Dec.10, 1996.
8. Hans Vom Stein, Dieter Specht invented “Roller
Fig 2.3.17 Power tools Conveyor” Patent Number: US3729088, Apr. 24, 1973
We offer you a wide range of power tools, angle 9. Robert K. Vogt, Martin A. He1t invented “Roller
grinders; jig saw, bendable screwdrivers, impact drivers, Conveyor with Friction Roll Drive” Patent Number:
impact wrenches, soldering iron, electric brad nailer, heat US4473149, Sept. 25, 1984.
guns, sanders, polishers, hammer drills cutoff saw and so
on. The most popular heavy duty battery powered and
conventional 110Volts tools.
Storage

Fig 2.3.18 Storage

Keep all your tools together and organized, this is

the best way to find them fast. Our storage bins features a
rugged construction that provides your tools with optimal
protection against harsh environments. The Portable Tool

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