Ceramics have a long history dating back over 24,000 years. They are made from clay which is composed mainly of feldspar and other minerals. The manufacturing process involves shaping and firing the clay. Ceramics have properties like hardness, resistance to chemicals and high temperatures. Main types include terracotta, stoneware, fireclay, and porcelain. Ceramics have advantages such as durability, design options and cost effectiveness. However, they also have disadvantages like being cold or warm to stand on, heavy for installation and unsuitable for areas requiring soft flooring.
Ceramics have a long history dating back over 24,000 years. They are made from clay which is composed mainly of feldspar and other minerals. The manufacturing process involves shaping and firing the clay. Ceramics have properties like hardness, resistance to chemicals and high temperatures. Main types include terracotta, stoneware, fireclay, and porcelain. Ceramics have advantages such as durability, design options and cost effectiveness. However, they also have disadvantages like being cold or warm to stand on, heavy for installation and unsuitable for areas requiring soft flooring.
Ceramics have a long history dating back over 24,000 years. They are made from clay which is composed mainly of feldspar and other minerals. The manufacturing process involves shaping and firing the clay. Ceramics have properties like hardness, resistance to chemicals and high temperatures. Main types include terracotta, stoneware, fireclay, and porcelain. Ceramics have advantages such as durability, design options and cost effectiveness. However, they also have disadvantages like being cold or warm to stand on, heavy for installation and unsuitable for areas requiring soft flooring.
Ceramics have a long history dating back over 24,000 years. They are made from clay which is composed mainly of feldspar and other minerals. The manufacturing process involves shaping and firing the clay. Ceramics have properties like hardness, resistance to chemicals and high temperatures. Main types include terracotta, stoneware, fireclay, and porcelain. Ceramics have advantages such as durability, design options and cost effectiveness. However, they also have disadvantages like being cold or warm to stand on, heavy for installation and unsuitable for areas requiring soft flooring.
Ceramics- contents • History of ceramics • Composition of clay • Manufacturing process of ceramics • Characteristics • General properties of ceramics • Types of ceramics • Advantages of ceramics • Disadvantages History • Archeologists have uncovered human-made ceramics that date back to at least 24,000 BC. • These ceramics were made of animal fat and bone mixed with bone ash and a fine claylike material. • The industrial revolution was born, when synthetic materials with better resistance to high temperatures (called refractories) were developed in the 16th century. • Another major development occurred in the second half of the 19th century, when ceramic materials for electrical insulation were developed Composition of Clay Main compositions are feldspar group of minerals comprise around 60% of the earth's crust. They are aluminum silicates, also incorporating alkali and/or alkaline earth metals.
Clays are divided to two types:
1) Primary clay 2) Secondary Clay 1) Primary clay • Usually found in the same place as the feldspar from which it originated • is relatively rare and has particular properties with which potters must work • less plastic • absorbs more water • E.g Kaolins clay Secondary clay • Secondary clays are clays that have been transported from their original location by water erosion and deposited in a new sedimentary deposit. • Abundantly available and easy to form and fire • Pretty impervious to waters due to its dense structure • Strong and durable compared to primary clays • E.g fire clay Manufacturing process of ceramics Characteristics of Ceramics • Bending Resistance • High Hardness • High degree resistance to moisture • Resistance to impact and abrasion • Excellent resistance to chemical attacks • Temperature up to 2400 °C Characteristics of Ceramics • Can be design to various type of pattern • Can be painted to various type of colors • Roofing tiles contains more than 30% water which have considerable drying contraction • Wall and floor tiles contain 2-5% water have greater accuracy in shape and size Characteristics of Ceramics • All floor tiles can be used on walls and others surface but not all wall tiles can be used on floors • Installed in Portland cement setting bed or special epoxy adhesive • Most advanced ceramic materials are combination of ceramics and others materials known as Ceramic Matrix Composites General properties of ceramics • Hard • Wear – resistant • Brittle • Refractory • Thermal insulators • Electrical insulators • Nonmagnetic • Oxidation resistant • Prone to thermal shock • Chemically stable TYPES OF CERAMIC • Terracotta • 2.Stoneware • 3.Fireclay • 4.Earthware • 5.Roofing • 6.Porcelain • 7.Vitreous China 1) Terracotta • This is a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic • Uses include flower pots, water and waste water pipes, bricks, and surface embellishment in building construction 2) Stoneware • Stoneware is a vitreous (glass) or semi vitreous ceramic made primarily from stoneware clay or non-refractory fireclay. • 2.Stoneware is fired at high temperatures and it is nonporous 3) Fireclay
• Fireclay is a type of clay that is able to withstand intense heat
• It is suitable for making articles which will not melt, nor even perceptibly soften when exposed to a high temperature • Rich in alumina and silica 4) Roofing • Low water absorption • High slip resistant • This allows rainwater to flow downwards without leaking between tiles • Durable chemical and frost resistance • protects you from water during the rain, heat in summer and cold in winter • last for about 400 years without losing its beauty and effectiveness • Come in traditional red, brown or antique which are unglazed with a plain finish 5) Porcelain
• Already discussed in detail in lecture 8 (last week)
6) Vitreous China • Mixture of clay, feldspar and quartz which is molded, glazed and "baked" at extremely high temperatures • material which is strong, nonporous and impervious to absorption. Advantages of ceramics • Durable • extremely hard. • last 10-20 years and longer. • handle extremes of heat and cold very well. • Easy to clean • stain resistant. • hygienic, not absorb liquids, does not retain the residues and smells of chemicals, foods or beverages. • simply vacuum and use damp mop. • Design options • modern manufacturing techniques allow ceramic producers to make materials which can be printed in numerous ways Advantages of ceramics Cost • relatively inexpensive, cheaper than hard wood, carpet. • Once you absorb the initial cost of tile you don’t have to spend money on it again for the life of the product if it is installed properly. • Can be installed in nearly any application • on floors, walls, in showers, backsplashes, ceilings countertops, table tops, fireplaces, columns and more • water resistance, can be installed in wet environment. Advantages of ceramics
• High scratch resistance
• Resistance to burns Resistance to fading • not fade due to sunlight and electrical light. • Environmental friendly (100% natural materials) Disadvantages of Ceramic Temperature • Ceramic is cold when used as flooring and can be quite uncomfortable during cold climate. • density of ceramic. • during hot climate, warm ceramic tile takes a long time to cool. Ceramic installation • intensive installation, hard and heavy and they need to be installed using a variety of mortars, grouts, and tools. • higher labor cost. Disadvantages of Ceramic Ceramic Tile Weight • Ceramics are quite heavy, which means that they may not • always be appropriate for upper story installations.
Hard Flooring • difficult and uncomfortable to stand on. • Unlike resilient floors, hard tile ceramics cannot be softened using padded underlayment. • not suitable at environments where people will be forced to stand for long periods of time. Thank you
