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    ELINT

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan Mirza
    Electronic intelligence (ELINT) refers to intelligence gathering through electronic sensors to detect non-communications signals. It focuses on identifying emitters through signal analysis and classifying unknown signals. ELINT data provides information on enemy electronics like radars and missile systems. It can be used to locate ships, aircraft, and detect their electronic emissions from ground stations, ships, aircraft, or satellites near or in enemy territory.

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    ELINT

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan Mirza
    200 views2 pages
    Electronic intelligence (ELINT) refers to intelligence gathering through electronic sensors to detect non-communications signals. It focuses on identifying emitters through signal analysis and classifying unknown signals. ELINT data provides information on enemy electronics like radars and missile systems. It can be used to locate ships, aircraft, and detect their electronic emissions from ground stations, ships, aircraft, or satellites near or in enemy territory.

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    Electronic intelligence (ELINT) refers to intelligence gathering through electronic sensors to detect non-communications signals. It focuses on identifying emitters through signal analysis and classifying unknown signals. ELINT data provides information on enemy electronics like radars and missile systems. It can be used to locate ships, aircraft, and detect their electronic emissions from ground stations, ships, aircraft, or satellites near or in enemy territory.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    200 views2 pages

    ELINT

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan Mirza
    Electronic intelligence (ELINT) refers to intelligence gathering through electronic sensors to detect non-communications signals. It focuses on identifying emitters through signal analysis and classifying unknown signals. ELINT data provides information on enemy electronics like radars and missile systems. It can be used to locate ships, aircraft, and detect their electronic emissions from ground stations, ships, aircraft, or satellites near or in enemy territory.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    ELINT

    Electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) refers to intelligence-gathering by use of electronic


    sensors. Its primary focus lies on non-communications signals intelligence. The Joint Chiefs of
    Staff define it as "Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign noncommunications
    electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear detonations or radioactive
    sources."[2]

    Signal identification is performed by analyzing the collected parameters of a specific signal, and
    either matching it to known criteria, or recording it as a possible new emitter. ELINT data are
    usually highly classified, and are protected as such.

    The data gathered are typically pertinent to the electronics of an opponent's defense network,
    especially the electronic parts such as radars, surface-to-air missile systems, aircraft, etc. ELINT
    can be used to detect ships and aircraft by their radar and other electromagnetic radiation;
    commanders have to make choices between not using radar (EMCON), intermittently using it, or
    using it and expecting to avoid defenses. ELINT can be collected from ground stations near the
    opponent's territory, ships off their coast, aircraft near or in their airspace, or by satellite.

    [edit]Complementary relationship to COMINT


    Combining other sources of information and ELINT allows traffic analysis to be performed on
    electronic emissions which contain human encoded messages. The method of analysis differs
    from SIGINT in that any human encoded message which is in the electronic transmission is not
    analyzed during ELINT. What is of interest is the type of electronic transmission and its location.
    For example, during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II, Ultra COMINT was not always
    available because Bletchley Park was not always able to read the U-Boat Enigma traffic. But
    "Huff-Duff" (High Frequency Direction Finder) was still able to find where the U-Boats were by
    analysis of radio transmissions and the positions through triangulation from the direction located
    by two or more Huff-Duff systems. TheAdmiralty was able to use this information to plot courses
    which took convoys away from high concentrations of U-Boats.

    Yet other ELINT disciplines include intercepting and analyzing enemy weapons control signals, or
    theIdentification, friend or foe responses from transponders in aircraft used to distinguish enemy
    craft from friendly ones.

    [edit]Role in air warfare


    A very common area of ELINT is intercepting radars and learning their locations and operating
    procedures. Attacking forces may be able to avoid the coverage of certain radars, or, knowing
    their characteristics, electronic warfare units may jam radars or send them deceptive signals.
    Confusing a radar electronically is called a "soft kill", but military units will also send specialized
    missiles at radars, or bomb them, to get a "hard kill". Some modern air to air missiles also have
    radar homing guidance systems, particularly for use against large airborne radars.

    Knowing where each surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft artillery system is and its type means
    that air raids can be plotted to avoid the most heavily defended areas and to fly on a flight profile
    which will give the aircraft the best chance of evading ground fire and fighter patrols. It also allows
    for thejamming or spoofing of the enemy's defense network (see electronic warfare). Good
    electronic intelligence can be very important to stealth operations; stealth aircraft are not totally
    undetectable and need to know which areas to avoid. Similarly, conventional aircraft need to
    know where fixed or semi-mobile air defense systems are so that they can shut them down or fly
    around them.

    [edit]ELINT and ESM


    Electronic Support Measures (ESM) are really ELINT techniques, but the term is used in the
    specific context of tactical warfare. ESM give the information needed for Electronic Attack
    (EA) such as jamming. EA is also called Electronic Counter-Measures. ESM provides
    information needed forElectronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM), such as understanding
    a spoofing or jamming mode so one can change one's radar characteristics to avoid them.

    [edit]ELINT for meaconing


    Meaconing[9] is the combined intelligence and electronic warfare of learning the characteristics of
    enemy navigation aids, such as radio beacons, and retransmitting them with incorrect
    information. There are tales, perhaps apocryphal, that the meaconing was so confusing that an
    enemy aircraft landed, quite smoothly, at an airport of the other side.

    [edit]FISINT
    Main article: FISINT

    FISINT (Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence) is a sub-category of SIGINT, monitoring


    primarily non-human communication. Foreign instrumentation signals include (but not limited
    to) telemetry(TELINT), tracking systems, and video data links. TELINT is an important part
    of national means of technical verification for arms control.

    [edit]Counter-ELINT

    Still at the research level are techniques that can only be described as counter-ELINT, which
    would be part of a SEAD campaign. It may be informative to compare and contrast counter-
    ELINT with ECCM

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