Excel INDIRECT Function Tutorial
Excel INDIRECT Function Tutorial
INDIRECT Function Tutorial
(http://www.contextures.com/index.html)
INDIRECT Function Arguments
Lock a Cell Reference
Video: INDIRECT Function
Create a Reference from a Cell Value
Create a Reference from a Cell Value and Text
Create a Reference to a Different Sheet
Create a Reference to a Different Workbook
Refer to a Named Range
Dependent Data Validation Lists
Download the Sample File
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Thanks to Dave Peterson, for his contributions to this page.
1. ref_text: A cell reference or text string (or both), that create the range reference. The referenced
range can be a cell, a range of cells, or a named range.
2. a1: TRUE or FALSE. Does the reference use A1 reference style? If this argument is TRUE, or
omitted, the ref_text is A1 style. If the argument is FALSE, the ref_text is R1C1 style.
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Note: If the INDIRECT formula refers to a different workbook, that workbook must be open, or the
formula will return a #REF! error.
To demonstrate the difference, you'll create two formulas one that uses a simple link, and one that
uses a text string with an INDIRECT function.
1. In cell A4, type a number (10 in this example).
2. In cell B2, type the following formula:
=INDIRECT("A4")
3. Press the Enter key, and the formula will return the number in cell A4.
4. In cell C2, type the following formula:
=A4
5. Press the Enter key, and the formula will return the number in cell A4.
6. To insert a row, rightclick on the Row 4 button, and from the popup menu, choose Insert.
7. As shown below, cell B2, which uses the INDIRECT function, now returns 0, because cell A4 is
empty. The text string, "A4", in the INDIRECT formula did not change when the row was
inserted.
8. Cell C2, which contains the link, still returns 10, because its formula has changed to =A5.
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In this example, you'll create formulas with the INDIRECT function, to compare the A1 and R1C1
reference styles.
1. In cells A1:A5, type a set of numbers, as shown below.
2. In cell C2, type: A4
3. In cell C2, type: R4C1
4. In cell D2, type the formula: =INDIRECT(C2)
5. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the number in cell A4
6. In cell D3, type the formula: =INDIRECT(C3,FALSE)
7. The FALSE in the second argument indicates that the R1C1 reference style will be used.
8. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the number in cell A4
In this example, you'll create a formula with the INDIRECT function, using a number entered in a cell,
and a text string with the column letter.
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1. In cells A1:A5, type a set of numbers, as shown below.
2. In cell C2, type the number 4.
3. In cell D2, type the formula: =INDIRECT("A"&C2)
4. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the number in cell A4
5. Change the number in cell C2, and the result in D2 will change.
Note: If cell C2 is empty, the formula will return an error. To prevent this, you can add an IF function:
=IF(C2="",0,INDIRECT("A"&C2))
1. On a worksheet named Data Sheet, enter numbers in cells A1:A10
2. On a different sheet, in cell A2, enter the sheet name: Data Sheet
3. In cell B2, type a cell name from the range of numbers, e.g.: A2
4. In cell C2, type the following formula:
=INDIRECT("'" & A2 & "'!" & B2)
5. The first part of the string is a single quote within a set of double quotes:
" ' " (spaces were added for clarity)
6. After the reference to A2, which contains the sheet name, is a single quote and exclamation mark,
within a set of double quotes:
" ' ! " (spaces were added for clarity)
7. The string ends with a reference to cell B2, which contains the cell address.
8. Single quotes are included in the string to prevent errors if the sheet name contains space
characters.
9. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the number in cell A2 on the Data Sheet worksheet.
10. Change the number in cell C2, and the result in D2 will change.
Note: If either cell A2 or B2 is empty, the formula will return an error. To prevent this, you can add an
IF function:
=IF(OR(A2="",B2=""),"",INDIRECT("'" & A2 & "'!" & B2))
1. In an open file named TestFile.xls, on a worksheet named Test Data, enter numbers in cells
A1:A10
2. On a sheet in a different workbook, in cell A2, enter the file name:
Test File.xls
3. In cell A3, enter the sheet name: Test Data
4. In cell A4, type a cell name from the range of numbers, e.g.: A7
5. To see the syntax that you'll need to use in your formula, select cell A7, and type an equal sign: =
6. Switch to Test File.xls, and click on cell A7
7. In the formula bar, you'll see the reference that was created:
='[Test File.xls]Test Data'!$A$7
8. You'll create an INDIRECT formula that uses the same syntax, adding the single quote marks,
square brackets and exclamation mark.
9. In cell A6, type the following formula:
=INDIRECT("'[" & A2 & "]" & A3 & "'!" & A4)
10. The first part of the string is a single quote and square bracket, within a set of double quotes:
" ' [ " (spaces were added for clarity)
11. After the reference to A2, which contains the file name, is a square bracket, within a set of double
quotes:
" ] " (spaces were added for clarity)
12. After the reference to A3, which contains the sheet name, is a single quote and exclamation mark,
within a set of double quotes:
" ' ! " (spaces were added for clarity)
13. The string ends with a reference to cell A4, which contains the cell address.
14. Single quotes are included in the string to prevent errors if the sheet name contains space
characters.
15. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the number in cell A7 on the Test Data worksheet, in
the Test File.xls workbook.
16. Change the values in cells A2:A5, and the result in A6 will change.
17. You can delete the sample link in cell A5
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Note1: If A2, A3 or A4 is empty, the formula will return an error. To prevent this, you can add an IF
function:
=IF(OR(A2="",A3="",A4=""),"",INDIRECT("'[" & A2 & "]" & A3 & "'!" & A4))
Note2: If the Test File.xls workbook is closed, the above formula will return a #REF error. I haven't
used the following files, but they may help you if you need to pull data from a closed workbook:
Harlan Grove wrote a UDF called PULL that will retrieve the value from a closed workbook. You
can find the function at Harlan's download site:
http://www.4shared.com/file/L_eA8s4G/pull.html
(http://www.4shared.com/file/L_eA8s4G/pull.html)
Laurent Longre has an addin (morefunc.xll) at:
http://www.ozgrid.com/Services/ExternalFree.htm#MoreFunc
(http://www.ozgrid.com/Services/ExternalFree.htm#MoreFunc)
It includes =indirect.ext() that may help you.
1. In cells A1:B5, type headings and numbers, as shown at right.
2. Name cells A2:A5 as East, and cells B2:B5 as West. There are naming instructions here:
Names Naming Ranges (xlNames01.html)
3. In cell D2, type the name of one of the ranges, e.g. East
4. In cell E2, type the formula: =SUM(INDIRECT(D2))
5. Press the Enter key, and the formula returns the sum of numbers in the East range.
6. Change cell D2 to West, and the formula returns the sum of numbers in the West range.
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There are instructions for this technique here:
Data Validation Dependent Lists (xlDataVal02.html)
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(https://mvp.microsoft.com/enus/mvp/Debra%20%20Dalgleish7612)Debra Dalgleish
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