STATISTICS

MODULE 4

PREETY
1. The null hypothesis in the chi-square test states that
a) The rows and columns in the table are associated
b) The rows and columns in the table are not associated
c) Neither of the two

2. Contingency tables and degrees of freedom are key elements of

the chi-square test
a) True
b) False

3. For the chi-square test to be effective, the expected value for each
cell in the contingency table has to be at least
a) 3
b) 5
c) 10

4. The null hypothesis of the sign test is that

a) Half the ranks to be less than the median and half greater than the
median
b) Half the ranks to be less than the mean and half greater than the
mean
c) The lower half the ranks to have the same mean as the upper half
d) The lower half the ranks to have the same standard deviation as the
upper half
 5. The null hypothesis for the Mann-Whitney U test is used to test
that
a) Two samples are from different populations
b) Two samples are from different populations but have the same mean
c) Two samples are from the same population and have the same mean
d) Two samples are from the same population and have the same
median

In general, the expected frequencies per cell in the conduct of

a Chi-Square test are those one would
6.
     expect to find in a given cell if the null hypothesis were
actually true
   expect to find in a given cell if the null hypothesis were
actually false
   expect to find in a given cell if the alternative hypothesis
were actually true
   expect to find in a given cell if either the null hypothesis or
the alternative hypothesis were actually true

The degrees of freedom for the Chi-Square test statistic when

testing for independence in a contingency table with 4 rows
7.
and 4 columns would be
     12
   7
   9
   5
 Each of the following accurately represents characteristics of
the Chi-Square distribution except for:
8.
     It is a positively skewed distribution.
   Its shape depends on the number of degrees of freedom.
   As the degrees of freedom increase, the critical value of the
chi-square distribution becomes larger.
   The region of rejection is always in the left-tail of the Chi-
Square distribution.

The null hypothesis for the Chi-Square test of independence

should specify
9.
     that the two numerical variables are dependent
   that the two numerical variables are independent
   that the two categorical variables are dependent
   that the two categorical variables are independent

Which of the following statistical methods is appropriate to

test whether or not there is sufficient evidence of a difference
10.
between the proportions of two related samples?
     Kruskal-Wallis rank test
    Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
   McNemar Test
   Chi-Square test of independence

Which of the following values of the chi-square distribution

cannot occur?
11.
     38.4
   0.61
   100.0
   -2.45

The chi-square test can be used:

12.
     to make inference about a population mean.
   to test for difference in two variances.
   for pairwise multiple comparisons of means.
   to test for homogeneity of proportions.
 To determine whether a set of observed frequencies differ
from their corresponding expected frequencies, we could apply
13.
the
     t test for independent samples.
   t test for dependent samples.
   chi-square test.
   F test.

When using the chi-square test for differences in two

proportions with a contingency table that has r rows and c
14.
columns, the degrees of freedom for the test statistic will be:
     n1 + n2 - 2.
   (r - 1)(c - 1).
   n -1.
   (r - 1) + (c - 1).
 An alternative approach to utilizing the chi-square test for
equality of c proportions would be to use the:
15.
     t-test.
   z-test for proportions.
   one-way ANOVA procedure.
   chi-square test for independence.

Suppose there is interest in comparing the median response

time for three independent groups learning a specific task. The
16.
appropriate nonparametric procedure is
     Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
   Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test.
   None of the above.
   Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test for Differences in Medians.

A researcher initially thought that the t test for the difference

17. between the means of two independent population means was
appropriate until she realized the following. First, the size of
both samples was small, and she could not assume that the
data in each sample was from normally distributed
populations. The appropriate non-parametric test for this
 study would be the
     Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test
   McNemar Test
   Chi-Square Test of Independence
   Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

The appropriate null hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis Rank

Test is:
18.
     The c independent groups have equivalent modes.
   The c independent groups have equivalent proportions.
   The c independent groups have equivalent medians.
   The c independent groups have equivalent means.

Which of the following is appropriate for conducting multiple

comparisons of proportions between all pairs of groups?
19.
     the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
   the Marascuilo procedure
   the Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test
   the McNemar Test
20. The Spearman Rank-Correlation test requires that the
 Data must be measured on the same scale
 Data should be of ordinal scale at least
 Data must be from two independent samples
 Data must be distributed at least approximately as t-distribution

21. To perform a Runs test for randomness the data must be

 Qualitative
 Quantitative
 Divided into at least two classifications
 Divided into exactly two classification

22. The sign test assumes that the

 Samples are independent
 Samples are dependent
 Samples have the same mean
 None of these

23. In a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test

 Ties never affect the decision
 Ties always affect the decision
 Ties within one sample may affect the decision
 Ties between the two samples may affect the decision

24. When testing for randomness, we can use

 Mann-Whitney U test
 Sign test
 Runs test
 None of these

25. The Mann-Whitney U test is preferred to a t-test when

 Data are paired
 Sample sizes are small
 The assumption of normality is not met
 Sample is dependent

26. In testing for the difference between two populations, it is possible

to use
 The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test
 The Sign test
 Either of the above
 None of the above

27. Which of the following test must be two-sided?

 Kruskal-Wallis
 Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
 Runs test
 Sign test

28. Three brands of coffee are rated for taste on a scale of 1 to 10. Six
persons are asked to rate each brand so that there is a total of 18
observations. The appropriate test to determine if three brand taste
equally good is
 One way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test
 Spearman Rank difference
 Kruskal-Wallis test

29. Comparing the times-to-failure of radar transponders made by firms

A, B, and C based on an airline’s sample experience with the three types
of instruments one may use
 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
 Kruskal-Wallis test
 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test
 Spearman Rank Correlation test

30. The Runs test results in rejecting the null hypothesis of randomness

when
 There is an unusually large number of runs
 There is an unusually small number of runs
 Either of the above
 None of the above

31. The non-parametric equivalent of an unpaired samples t-test is

 Sign test
 Wilcoxon signed-rank test
 Mann-Whitney U test
 Kruskal Wallis Test

32. When using the sign test, if two scores are tied, then
 We count them
 We discard them
 We depend upon the scores
 None of these

33. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test can be of

 Upper tailed
 Lower tailed
 Either of the above
 None of the above

34. The sign test is

 Less Powerful than that of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
 More Powerful than the paired sample t-test
 More Powerful than the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
 Equivalent to Mann-Whitney test

35. Which of the following tests is most likely assessing this null

hypothesis: The number of violations per apartment in the population of
all city apartments is binomially distributed with a probability of success
in any one trial of P=0.3P=0.3
 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
 The Kruskal-Wallis test
 The Mann-Whitney test
 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test

36. Which of the following test use Rank Sums

 F-test
 Chi-Square and Sign tests
 Runs test
 Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests

37. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test is used

 Only with independent samples
 Only in matched pairs samples (dependent samples)
 As an alternative to the Kruskal-Wallis test
 To test for randomness

38. The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test used to compare

 Two populations
 Three Populations
 A sample mean to the population mean
 Any number of populations

In the Sign Test for paired differences, the statistic S is

39.
  sum of the ranks of the data.
the number of ties in the data.
the number of pairs with a positive difference.
None of the above
 If a sample of 10 is taken to do a matched paired sign test
40. and there are 2 ties in the data, then the p-value is based on
  a binomial distribution with (n=10, p=0.5).
a binomial distribution with (n=8, p=0.5).
a binomial distribution with (n=8, p=0.4).
None of the above

The Wilcoxon signed rank test assumes that the population

41. distribution in the difference of paired samples

  follows the normal distribution.

follows the Student's t distribution.
follows the chi-square distribution.
is symmetrical.

The Spearman rank correlation is based on which of the

42. following?

  The sum of the ranks of the pooled data

The sum of the ranks of the smaller sample in the pooled
data
 The correlation of the ranks of the variables
None of the above

The test statistic for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test is based on
43. which of the following?

  The sum of the ranks of the pooled data

The sum of the ranks of the smaller sample in the pooled
data
The correlation of the ranks of the variables
None of the above

44.
  2
1
Both a and b are correct.
Cannot be determined from the output.
 Table 15-1
45.

Referring to Table 15-1, what is the sample correlation

coefficient of the ranks for sales and price.
  .9856
.9714
-.9856
-.9742

When the number of n non-zero differences in the sample is

46. greater than 20, _______________ provides a good
approximation to the distribution of the Wilcoxon signed rank
statistic.
  the normal distribution
the chi-square distribution
the Student's t distribution
the F distribution
 Table 15-1
47.

Referring to Table 15-1, to test if there is any significant

difference in the median sales in 2000 and 2001, doing a
Wilcoxon Rank Test, what is the rank of the 2000 sale for
Ellsworth?
  7.5
8
8.5
9

48.
  7.5
8
8.5
9
 Table 15-1
49.

Referring to Table 15-1, to test if there is any significant

difference in the median sales in 2000 and 2001, doing a
Mann-Whitney U Test, based on the p-value, what is the
conclusion?
  p = .522 there is not a significant difference in the median
sales.
p = .522 there is a significant difference in the median sales.
Both a and b are correct.
None of the above

50. Parametric tests are based on some restrictive assumptions

about the _____________.
     population
   random sample
   sample
   census
51. ________________ are not dependent upon the restrictive
normality assumption of the population.
     Non-parametric tests
   Statistical tests
   Mathematical tests
   Parametric tests

52. The ________________ can be defined as the sequence of

identical occurrence of the elements (numbers or symbols),
preceded or followed by different occurrence of the elements
or by no element at all.
     Friedman test
   run test
   Mann-Whitney U test
   Kruskal-Wallis test

53. Sampling distribution of R(run) can be approximated by

________________, with defined mean and standard
deviation.
     uniform distribution
   Poisson distribution
   binomial distribution
   normal distribution
54. The Mann-Whitney U test is a counterpart of the ________ to
compare the means of two independent populations.
     z test
   ANOVA
   t test
   ϗ2 test

55. When n1 (number of items in sample 1) and n2 (number of

items in sample 2) both are ____________, the samples are
considered as large.
     greater than 15
   less than 15
   greater than 10
   less than 10

56. The _________ is a non-parametric alternative to the t test for

related samples.
     Wilcoxon test
   Kruskal-Wallis test
   Mann-Whitney U test
   Friedman test
57. For the__________, when sample size (number of pairs) is
less than or equal to 15 (n ≤ 15), it is treated as a small
sample.
     Kruskal-Wallis test
   Wilcoxon test
   Mann-Whitney U test
   Friedman test

58. The Kruskal-Wallis test is the non-parametric alternative to the

_________________.
     factorial design
   test
   one-way ANOVA
   two- way ANOVA

59. The Friedman test is the non-parametric alternative to the

_______________.
     ϗ2 test
   one-way ANOVA
   randomized block design
   factorial design
 60. When data are of ordinal level (ranked data), the Pearson
correlation coefficient r cannot be applied. In this case
_______________ can be used to determine the degree of
association between two variables.
     factorial design
   Durbin-Watson statistic
   Pearson correlation
   Spearman’s rank correlation

PRIYA

Statistics MCQs – Module 1 :

1. Introduction To Business Statistics

Types Of Data/Types Of Variable :

1.    A variable that measures the effect that manipulating another variable has is known as:

1. A dependent variable
2. A confounding variable
3. A predictor variable
4. An independent variable
 

2.    A predictor variable is another name for:

1. A dependent variable
2. An independent variable
3. A confounding variable
4. A discrete variable
 

3.    What kind of variable is IQ, measured by a standard IQ test?

1. Categorical
2. Continuous
3. Discrete
4. Nominal

4. Sum of dots when two dice are rolled is

 1. A discrete variable
2. A continuous variable
3. A constant
4. A qualitative variable

5 .The number of accidents in a city during 2010 is

1. Discrete variable
2. Continuous variable
3. Qualitative variable
4. Constant

6.    Classify each of the following variables as either nominal or continuous.

1. Age - Continous
2. Gender-Nominal
3. Height-Continous
4. Race-Nominal

7.    A café owner decided to calculate how much revenue he gained from lattes each month.
What type of variable would the amount of revenue gained from lattes be?

1. Continuous 
2. Categorical 
3. Discrete 
4. Nominal

8.    A café owner wanted to compare how much revenue he gained from lattes across different
months of the year. What type of variable is ‘month’?

1. Dependant
2. Interval
3. Categorical
4. Continuous

Charts & Graphs :

1. The graph of the normal distribution depends on

 Mean and Standard Deviation

 Harmonic Mean and Standard Deviation
 Harmonic Mean
 Standard Deviation Only

2. Total Relative Frequency is always

 Two
 Quarter
 Half
 One
 3. The graph of cumulative frequency is called

 Frequency Polygon
 Histogram
 Cumulative Frequency Polygon
 None of These

4. _______________________ use the division of a circle into different sectors

 Conversion Graphs
 Frequency Polygon
 Sector Graph
 Line Graph

5. In constructing a histogram, if the class interval size of one class is double than others, then
the width of that bar should be

 Doubled
 Half
 One
 Quarter

6. Cumulative Frequency is ___________________ frequency

 Increasing
 Decreasing
 Fixed
 None of These

7. Graph of time series data is called

 Polygon
 Histogram
 Ogive
 Histogram

8. Total angles in Pie chart are

 360
 270
 180
 300

9. Cumulative Frequency Curve is also called

 Ogive
 Frequency Curve
 Histogram
 Frequency Polygon

10. A Histogram is a set of adjacent

 Rectangles
 Triangles
 Square
 Lines

11. The graph of a frequency distribution is called

 Curve
 Historigram
 Histogram
 Ogive

12. The average value of the lower and upper limit of a class is called

 Mid-Point
 Class Boundary
 Class Interval
 Class Frequency

13. While constructing Frequency Distribution, the number of classes used depends upon

 Number of Observation
 Size of Class
 Range of Data
 None of These

14. Dividing the upper and lower limits of a particular class we get

 Class Interval
 Class Frequency
 Class Boundary
 Class Mark

15. The process of systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns is called

 Array
 Tabulation
 Arrangement
 Classification
 None of These

16 .What measure of central tendency is shown in a box plot diagram

 Mode
 Median
 Weighted Mean
 Geometric mean
 Harmonic mean

17. A graphical representation of a cumulative relative frequency distribution is called

 Histogram
 Pie chart
 Box and Whisker plot
 None of these

18. Which of the following is not the goal of descriptive statistics?

a. Summarizing data
b. Displaying aspects of the collected data
c. Reporting numerical findings
d. Estimating characteristics of the population
e. None of the above

19. What is statistical inference?

a. The process of drawing conclusions about a sample based on population data

b. The process of drawing conclusions about a statistic based on a parameter
c. The process of drawing conclusions about a population based on a parameter
d. The process of drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data
e. None of the above

20. The following ages are those of 15 people interviewed at the Ster-Kinekor movie theatres in
Canal Walk shopping centre: 12, 14, 15, 19, 19, 21, 27, 31, 32, 46, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59. Describe
the shape of a stem and leaf plot of the data.

a. Unimodal and skewed to the right

b. Symmetrical
c. Unimodal and skewed to the left
d. Bimodal
e. None of the above

21. If you have data on the yearly average temperature at Cape Town International Airport
from 1900 to 2000, and if you are particularly interested in change over time, what is the most
effective graphical display?

a. histogram
b. scatter plot
c. ogive
d. pie chart
e. line chart

22. If you suspect that a population is made up of two subpopulations, for example males and
females, with different values for a certain continuous variable, which of the following would
you use to visually check for such a possible difference?

a. the median of a histogram

b. the skewness of the histogram
c. the modes of a line chart
d. the modes of a histogram
e. None of the above

23. If you have data on house prices and the distance of each of those houses from the city
centre, and you are curious whether there is an association between distance from the city
centre and the price of the house, with which of the following graphical techniques could you
most easily see whether there is indeed such a relationship?
a. two histograms, one of house prices and one of distance from city centre
b. a scatter diagram
c. a bar graph with distance on the x-axis and price on the y-axis
d. a bimodal histogram
e. None of the above

24. It has been claimed that Vodacom has the highest market share amongst cellphone users
in South Africa. A random sample of 250 cellphone users were asked which network they
subscribe to. What type of data has been collected and which graphical technique would be the
most appropriate to highlight the various market shares, amongst those listed below?

a. Quantitative data to be represented in a pie chart

b. Qualitative data to be represented in a histogram
c. Quantitative data to be represented in a bar chart
d. Qualitative data to be represented in a pie chart

23. It has been claimed that BCom students make up the largest group of students from a
single degree programme amongst all students taking the STA100S course. You wish to
investigate this and ask 1200 STA100S students which degree they are currently registered for.
What type of data have you collected and how could this be best represented, given the options
below?

a. Qualitative data to be represented in a pie chart

b. Qualitative data to be represented in a histogram
c. Quantitative data to be represented in a bar chart
d. Quantitative data to be represented in a pie chart
e. None of the above

24. A certain company employs a large number of people earning rather average salaries
earn very large salaries. What is a histogram of salaries for this company likely to look like?

a. positively skewed
b. negatively skewed
c. bimodal
d. symmetrical
e. we would need more information to be able to answer this question

25.Consider these three variables: (i) whether you are a SA citizen (ii) your marital status (iii)
the time it took you to get to UCT this morning. In the order given, these variables are:

a. nominal, interval, interval

b. interval, interval, nominal
c. nominal, interval, nominal
d. nominal, nominal, interval

Probability:

1. If the event of interest is A, then which of the following statements is correct?

a. the probability that A will not occur is 1 – P(A)

b. the probability that A will not occur is the probability of the complement of A
c. the probability that A will occur is zero if event A is impossible
d. the probability A will occur is one if event A is certain
e. all of the above statements are correct
2. Which of the following definitions is correct?

a. an activity, which results in an outcome, is called an event

b. the probability of an event is expressed in decimal form ranging from -1 to +1
c. the sample space refers to all possible outcomes of an experiment
d. the probability that an event will occur is called the experiment
e. an event is the combination of all possible outcomes

3. Which of the following statements is not correct?

a. if only one of the two events A and B can occur, in other words, the occurrence of one
excludes the occurrence of the other event, then events A and B are mutually exclusive
b. if events A and B can occur at the same time, then A and B intersect
c. if event A does not occur, then its complement, Ā, will also not occur
d. a union of two events (eg: A or B) occurs when at least one of the two events occurs
e. If all possible outcomes of an experiment are represented in a set, the set is considered to be
exhaustive

4. If a contingency table shows the gender and year of study of BBusSci students (ie: first year,
second year, third year or fourth year) in your statistics class, which of the following statements
is/are true?

a. the events “male student” and “female student” are mutually exclusive events
b. because of the fact that your stats class is a BBusSci course only, all the events are
exhaustive, in other words, each student must fall into one of the classifications
c. an example for the intersection of events (eg: A and B) would be of male students who are in
first year
d. an example for the union of events (eg: A or B) would be students who are female or in
second year
e. all of the above statements are correct

5. Two events, A and B, are said to be mutually exclusive if:

a. P(A | B) = 1
b. P(B | A) = 1
c. P(A and B) = 1
d. P(A and B) = 0
e. none of the above

6. Two events, A and B, are said to be independent if:

a. P(A and B) = P(A).P(B)

b. P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B)
c. P(A | B) = P(B)
d. P(B | A) = P(A)
e. none of the above

7. Fill in the missing word in the following statement with one of the options listed below:

Events are ___________ when the occurrence of one event has no effect on the probability
that another event will occur.
a. mutually exclusive
b. independent
c. exhaustive
d. dependent
e. simultaneous

8. Fill in the missing word in the following statement with one of the options listed below:
Events are ___________ when the occurrence of one event changes the probability that
another event will occur.

a. mutually exclusive
b. independent
c. exhaustive
d. dependent
e. simultaneous

9.Bayes Rule Or Bayes Theorem is the way To figure Out?

a. Probability
b. Inverse Probabililty
c. Conditional Probability
d. None Of These

10. You are given the following: P(A and E) = 0.17, P(Ā and E) = 0.32, P(A and Ē) = 0.17 and
P(Ā and Ē) = 0.34. Which of the following statements about A and E is correct?

a. A and E are mutually exclusive and independent

b. A and E are mutually exclusive and dependent
c. A and E are not mutually exclusive but are independent
d. A and E are not mutually exclusive and are dependent
e. None of the above statements is correct

11. You are given the following: P(A and E) = 0.20, P(Ā and E) = 0.32, P(A and Ē) = 0.15 and
P(Ā and Ē) = 0.33. Which of the following statements about A and E is correct?

a. A and E are mutually exclusive and independent

b. A and E are mutually exclusive and dependent
c. A and E are not mutually exclusive but are independent
d. A and E are not mutually exclusive and are dependent
e. None of the above statements is correct

12 If in an experiment the A and B are two events then the occurrence Of event A and B is
represented By?
a. A Intersection B
b. A union B
c. both a and b
d. None of the above statements is correct

13. You are given the following: P(A and E) = 0.17, P(Ā and E) = 0.33, P(A and Ē) = 0.20 and
P(Ā and Ē) = 0.3. Which of the following statements about A and E is correct?
a. A and E are mutually exclusive and independent
b. A and E are mutually exclusive and dependent
c. A and E are not mutually exclusive but are independent
d. A and E are not mutually exclusive and are dependent
e. None of the above statements is correct

14.The Conditional Probability Of Two Independent events can be written as?

a. A and E are mutually exclusive and independent

b. P(A+B)
c. P(A*B)
d. P(A|B)
e. None of the above statements is correct

15. If P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A|B) = 0.6, what is P(A and B)?

a. 0.18
b. 0.24
c. 0.03
d. 0.30
e. 0.15

16. If P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A|B) = 0.6, what is P(A and B)?

a. 0.18
b. 0.24
c. 0.03
d. 0.30
e. 0.15

14. Law Of Addition Of Probability ?

a. P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)
b. P(A intersection B) = P(A)+P(B)-P(A+B)
c. P(A*B)
d. P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B))

15. A problem in statistics is given to 3 students A,B and C whose chances of solving it are
½,3/4,1/4 respectively. What is the probability that the problem will be solved?

a. 29/32
b. 1/67
c. 4/44

Note:
Let us define the events as A -The problem is solved by the student A B -The problem is solved by the
student B C -The problem is solved by the student C Then P(A) =1/2,P(B) = 3/4andP(C) = 1/4 The
problem will be solved if atleast one of them solves the problem. That means we have to find
P(AUBUC). Now P(AUBUC) = 1 - P(AUBUC)’ =29/32.

14. Law Of Addition Of Probability :

a. P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)
b. P(A intersection B) = P(A)+P(B)-P(A+B)
c. P(A*B)
d. P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B))

15. When to apply Bayes Theorem :

a. The sample space is not partitioned into a set of mutually

exclusive events
b. P(B)<0
c. P(A*B)
d The sample space is partitioned into a set of mutually
exclusive events

16. Marie is getting married tomorrow, at an outdoor ceremony in the

desert. In recent years, it has rained only 5 days each year.
Unfortunately, the weatherman has predicted rain for tomorrow.
When it actually rains, the weatherman correctly forecasts rain 90%
of the time. When it doesn't rain, he incorrectly forecasts rain 10%
of the time. What is the probability that it will rain on the day of
Marie's wedding?

a. 1.899
b. 0.343
c. 4.565
d. 0.111

17. The probability that a student passes Statistics course is 2/3 and the probability that he
passes both Statistics and mathematics course is 14/45 .The probability that he passes atleast
one course is 4/53. what is the probability that he passes mathematics course?

a. 33/67
b. 1/65
c. 23/54
d 70/135

18. If E and F are events then we use the terminology?

a. E or F
b. P(E)+P(F)
c. E and F
d. None Of these

19.Definition Of Conditional Probability?

a. P(E|F)=P(E and F)/P(F)

b. P(E and F)=P(E)*P(F)
c. P(E or F)=P(E)*P(F)
d. None of these

20.For Independent Events?

a. P(E|F)=P(E and F)/P(F)

b. P(E and F)=P(E)P(F)
c. P(E or F)=P(E)*P(F)
d. None of these

20.An Outcome is?

a. an experiment
b. Result Of an experiment.
c. Recurring events Output
d. None of these

21.What is a sample space?

A Does not depend on an experiment.

b. Total Number of possible Outcomes.
c. For which no outcome can be possible.
d. All Of the Above.

21.A Intersection B Represents?

A A can Occur But B Cant.

b. Both A and B can occur.
c. A and B Both cant Occur.
d. None.

22.(A U B) Represents?

A A can Occur But B Cant.

b. Either A or B OR Both Occurs.
c. A and B Both cant Occur.
d. None.

23. Independent Event Means?

A Both Events have same impact.

B the events have no influence on each other.
c. None.

24. Two events are mutually exclusive if?

A They cant occur together.

B If they occur together.
c. They have not anything in common.
d. None of these.

25. Law Of Multiplication Of Probability states that?

A P(AUB)=P(A)*P(B).
B P(A Intersection B)=P(A|B).P(B).
c. P(A OR B)=P(A) P(B).
d. None of these.

Measure Of Central Tendency – Mean, Median & Mode:

1. The range of a sample gives an indication of the

 (A) way in which the values cluster about a particular point
(B) number of observations bearing the same value
(C) maximum variation in the sample
(D) degree to which the mean value differs from its expected value.

2. The observation which occurs most frequently in a sample is the

(A) median
(B) mean deviation
(C) standard deviation
(D) mode

3. What is the median of the sample 5, 5, 11, 9, 8, 5, 8 ?

(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 9

4. The following scores were obtained by eleven footballers in a goal-shoot competition: 5 3 6 8 7

8 3 11 6 3 2 4. The modal score was
(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 11 5.

5. The median score was

(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 11

6. NUMBER OF PACKETS FOR POSTAGE HAVING A CERTAIN WEIGHT 9.8 9.9 10 10.1
10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 0 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 20 Number of Packets Weight of Packets/kg 6.
How many packets were weighed?
(A) 9
(B) 14
(C) 65
(D) 92

7. What is the frequency of the median weight?

(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 12
(D) 14

8. What is the modal weight?

(A) 9.9 kg
(B) 10.1 kg
(C) 10.2 kg
(D) 10.5 kg
9. The mean of ten numbers is 58. If one of the numbers is 40, what is the mean of the other
nine?
(A) 18
(B) 60
(C) 162
(D) 540

10. The mean of 11 numbers is 7. One of the numbers, 13, is deleted. What is the mean of the
remaining 10 numbers?
(A) 7.7
(B) 6.4
(C) 6.0
(D) 5.

11. Any measure indicating the centre of a set of data, arranged in an increasing or decreasing
order of magnitude, is called a measure of:
(a) Skewness
(b) Symmetry
(c) Central tendency
(d) Dispersion

12. Scores that differ greatly from the measures of central tendency are called:
(a) Raw scores
(b) The best scores
(c) Extreme scores
(d) Z-scores

13. The measure of central tendency listed below is:

(a) The raw score
(b) The mean
(c) The range
(d) Standard deviation

14. The total of all the observations divided by the number of observations is called:
(a) Arithmetic mean
(b) Geometric mean
(c) Median
(d) Harmonic mean

15. While computing the arithmetic mean of a frequency distribution, the each value of a class is
considered equal to:
(a) Class mark
(b) Lower limit
(c) Upper limit
(d) Lower class boundary

16. Change of origin and scale is used for calculation of the:

(a) Arithmetic mean
(b) Geometric mean
(c) Weighted mea
(d) Lower and upper quartiles

17. The sample mean is a:

(a) Parameter
(b) Statistic
(c) Variable
(d) Constant

18. The population mean µ is called:

(a) Discrete variable
(b) Continuous variable
(c) Parameter
(d) Sampling unit

19. The arithmetic mean is highly affected by:

(a) Moderate values
(b) Extremely small values
(c) Odd values
(d) Extremely large values

20. Which of the following statements is always true?

(a) The mean has an effect on extreme scores
(b) The median has an effect on extreme scores
(c) Extreme scores have an effect on the mean
(d) Extreme scores have an effect on the median

21. Following are the disadvantages of Mean except

A.  Does not possess the desired algebraic property

B.  Cannot be computed if there are missing values due to omission or non-response.
C.  Easily affected by extreme values
D.  In grouped data with open-ended class intervals, the mean cannot be computed

22. There are two methods of finding mode in discrete series

A.  Mid point method and table method

B.  Descending method and grouping method
C.  Inspection method and grouping method
D.  Ascending method and grouping method

23. The frequency distribution of the hourly wage rate of 60 employees of a paper mill is as
follows:
Wage Rate (Rs.) 54 - 56 56 - 58 58 – 60 60 – 62 62 – 64
Number of Workers 10 10 20 10 10
The mean wage rate is:
(a) Rs. 58.60
(b) Rs. 59
(c) Rs 57.60
(d) Rs 57.10

24. When the values in a series are not of equal importance, we calculate the:
(a) Arithmetic mean
(b) Geometric mean
(c) Weighted mean
(d) Mode

25. The arithmetic mean is highly affected by:

(a) Moderate values
(b) Extremely small values
(c) Odd values
(d) Extremely large values

Measure Of Shape & Measures Of variability:

1. The Variability which is defined as the difference between third and first quartile is called :
A. Quartile Range
B. Percentalise Range
C. Interquartile Range
D. Decilise Range

2 If the Large number of values lies in the central part of the data table then the spread of the
values is measured by :
A. Quartile Range
B. Percentalise Range
C. Interquartile Range
D. Decilise Range

3. The length of the box in the box and whisker plot portrays the:

a. Median
b. Upper quartile
c. Mean
d. Range
e. Interquartile range
4.3rd Quarter Of the quartile is known to be Of:

a. 30th
b. 60th
c. 75th
d. 100th

5.Value of [(n +1)⁄2]th term is the formula of :

a. 2nd quartile
b. median
c. both a and b
d. 1st quarter
6 The Range In the data 18, 25, 12, 13, 8, 9, 20  is equal to :

a. 23
b. 34
c. 17
d. 13

7. If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is __________.

a. Negatively skewed
b. Positively skewed
c. Symmetrically skewed
d. Symmetrical

8. If a test was generally very easy, except for a few students who had very low scores, then the
distribution of scores would be _____.

a. Positively skewed
b. Negatively skewed
c. Not skewed at all
d. Normal

9. Which of the following is the formula for range?

a.   H + L
b.   L x H
c.   L - H
d.   H – L

10. The goal of ___________ is to focus on summarizing and explaining a specific set of data.

a.  Inferential statistics
b.  Descriptive statistics
c.  None of the above
d.  All of the above

11. The standard deviation is:

a. The square root of the variance

b. A measure of variability
c. An approximate indicator of how numbers vary from the mean
d. All of the above

 12. Find the variance of the observation values taken in the lab.

4.2 4.3 4 4.1

a) 0.27
b) 0.28
c) 0.3
d) 0.31

Note : Explanation: X = (4.2 + 4.3 + 4 + 4.1)/4 = 4.15

xi xi – X (xi – X)2

4.2 0.05 0.0025

4.3 1.04 1.0816

4 -0.15 0.0225

4.1 -0.05 0.0025

Σ (xi – X)2 = 1.11
Variance = 1n Σ (xi – X)2 = 1.11/4 = 0.28

13. If the standard deviation of a data is 0.012. Find the variance.

a) 0.144
b) 0.00144
c) 0.000144
d) 0.0000144

14. The change in which of following terms does not affect the standard deviation?

a) Origin
b) Scale
c) Origin and scale
d) Neither origin nor scale

15. 7. A fisherman is weighing each of 50 fishes. Their mean weight worked out is 50 gm and a
standard deviation of 2.5 gm. Later it was found that the measuring scale was misaligned and
always under reported every fish weight by 2.5 gm. Find the mean and standard deviation of
fishes.

a) 52.5,2.5
b) 30,5
c) 50,5
d) 48.5,2.5

16.If Coefficient Of Variance (C.V.) Is High , Then the risk will be :

a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Intermediate
d) None Of these

17.    Complete the following sentence: A small standard deviation (relative to the value of the
mean itself)
(Hint: The standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion or spread of data around the
mean.)

a. Indicates that the data points are distant from the mean.
b. Indicates that the mean is a poor fit of the data.
c. Indicates that data points are close to the mean (i.e. the mean is a good fit of the data).
d. Indicates that you should analyse your data with a non-parametric test

18. The kurtosis defines the peakness of the curve in the region which is

a) Around the Mode

b)Around the median
c) around the mean
d) None Of these

19 Kurtosis is the measure of :

a) Of Dispersion/Outliers
b)Peakedness
c) None Of these

20. If mean is less than mode, the distribution will be

A. Positively skewed
B. Negatively skewed
C. Symmetrical
D. None of these

21. The ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean expressed as a percentage is
called:

A. Coefficient of standard deviation

B. Coefficient of skewness
C. Coefficient of kurtosis
D. Coefficient of variation.

22. If mean=25, median=30 and standard deviation=15, the distribution will be:

A. Symmetrical
B. Positively skewed
C. Negatively skewed
D. Normal

23. The degree of peaked ness or flatness of a unimodel distribution is called:

A. Skewness
B. Symmetry
C. Dispersion
D. Kurtosis

23. In symmetrical distribution third quartile and first quartile of data in distribution must :

A. Be at equal distance
 B. Not be at equal distance
C. Positive value concentration
D. Negative value concentration

24 The three times of mean and median is divided by standard deviation to calculate coefficient
of skewness by method of:

A. Karl Pearson
B. Professor Keller
C. Professor Kelly
D. Professor Bowley

25 Considering the mean , Mode and skewness of data, The value of skewness will be positive if:

A. Mean<Mode
B. Mean>Median
C. Mean<Median
D. Mean>Mode

Note : Total 108 MCQs For Module 1