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    Origin Have A Negative Y-Value, and Points Below A Positive Y-Value. We Have That, For

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    Victor Coronel
    This document describes an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity by timing how long it takes objects to fall different distances. In part 1, a coin is dropped from a height of 2 meters and its time of fall is roughly measured, yielding a large error compared to the accepted 9.8 m/s^2 value. Part 2 uses audio recording software to more precisely time the falls of cylinders made of coins, determining the acceleration more accurately. The time of fall is independent of the horizontal distance traveled but depends on the object's weight, as heavier objects fall faster in vacuum.

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    Origin Have A Negative Y-Value, and Points Below A Positive Y-Value. We Have That, For

    Uploaded by

    Victor Coronel
    58 views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity by timing how long it takes objects to fall different distances. In part 1, a coin is dropped from a height of 2 meters and its time of fall is roughly measured, yielding a large error compared to the accepted 9.8 m/s^2 value. Part 2 uses audio recording software to more precisely time the falls of cylinders made of coins, determining the acceleration more accurately. The time of fall is independent of the horizontal distance traveled but depends on the object's weight, as heavier objects fall faster in vacuum.

    Original Title

    Exp_No_2_Jan_2021

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    This document describes an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity by timing how long it takes objects to fall different distances. In part 1, a coin is dropped from a height of 2 meters and its time of fall is roughly measured, yielding a large error compared to the accepted 9.8 m/s^2 value. Part 2 uses audio recording software to more precisely time the falls of cylinders made of coins, determining the acceleration more accurately. The time of fall is independent of the horizontal distance traveled but depends on the object's weight, as heavier objects fall faster in vacuum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    58 views4 pages

    Origin Have A Negative Y-Value, and Points Below A Positive Y-Value. We Have That, For

    Uploaded by

    Victor Coronel
    This document describes an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity by timing how long it takes objects to fall different distances. In part 1, a coin is dropped from a height of 2 meters and its time of fall is roughly measured, yielding a large error compared to the accepted 9.8 m/s^2 value. Part 2 uses audio recording software to more precisely time the falls of cylinders made of coins, determining the acceleration more accurately. The time of fall is independent of the horizontal distance traveled but depends on the object's weight, as heavier objects fall faster in vacuum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    PHY 2001 V.

    Coronel

    Experiment # 2: Acceleration in Free Fall

    Object: To measure the acceleration of a particle on free-fall (i.e. neglecting air effects),
    when released near the surface of the earth, and compare our measurement with the
    accepted value of 980 cm/s2 or 9.80 m/s2 (Commonly referred as “g”).

    Introduction: When an object is released or thrown vertically, up or down, near the


    surface of the earth and the effects of air are negligible, the object follows a one-
    dimensional motion with constant acceleration along a vertical line; near the surface of
    the earth, this acceleration has a constant magnitude of 980 cm/s2 or 9.80 m/s2; this is
    commonly known as the “acceleration of gravity” or simply g . To prove this, we will
    measure the time it takes an object, released from rest, to fall a distance H . First, we will
    make a rough measurement of the time it takes for an object to fall a known distance.
    Using Audacity to record the exact moment when the object is released, as well as the
    moment when it hits the ground, we will make a more accurate measurement of the
    magnitude of this acceleration.

    Procedure:

    Part I: A rough measurement of ‘g’ the acceleration in free fall (Easier if a friend
    assists you)

    1. Using a meter stick, determine the location of a point that is 2.00 m above the floor in
    room, call this H .
    2. Practice releasing a ‘quarter’, a 25  coin, from 2.00 m above the ground, and
    simultaneously, starting the stopwatch. When the coin hits the ground, you stop the
    stopwatch. If you have a friend, he or she will release the coin and you will take care
    of starting and stopping the stopwatch.
    3. Do step 2 for a total of five times, find the average time for your five measurements,
    tave.
    4. Consider the origin of coordinates to be the location of the coin at the time stopwatch
    is started, in other words the ceiling. We adopt the convention that points above the
    origin have a negative y-value, and points below a positive y-value. We have that, for
    t = 0, y = 0 , and for t = tave , y = H.
    5. Using the equation for motion with constant acceleration, y = v0t + ½ a t2ave (1)
    since v0 = 0 (object was released) , we get a = 2H/ t2ave . Calculate this
    acceleration “a” and find its percent error with g = 9.80 m/s2 [ Note: Recall that
    % error = ( | a – g | / g ) 100 ]. Don’t be alarmed if the % error is quite large.

    1
    Question 1. For Part I, what is the largest source of error in the measurement of the
    acceleration ?,

    Part II: A more precise measurement of g.

    Here we will measure the time of fall with greater accuracy. For this purpose we will use
    Audacity, the software that allows us to record sounds in the audible range; the default
    value for sampling is 44.1 kHz ( time between samples is about 22 s, microseconds ),
    recording and play levels can be adjusted but I found them appropriate for my trials at
    home (I am assuming a quiet environment).

    6. Practice by recording a tapping sound, the clicking sound that you can make by
    touching your palate with your tongue and releasing it (you can listen to this sound at
    2’:50” to 3’:05” of this song ). Your Audacity screen, when you do the tapping sound
    may look like Fig. 1 below, which shows bursts of decaying exponentials. This will be
    similar to the screen when you hit the object, the first burst corresponding to your tongue
    tapping palate for the first time, second burst is second tapping, etc.

    Fig. 1.- Screen of Audacity recording of tapping sounds of tongue on upper palate.

    7. The object that you are to drop should be six nickels glued one on top of the other
    making a small cylinder.

    2
    8. Place the small cylinder with the round surface of cylinder in contact with and at the
    edge of a flat surface (a desk, dinner table, that is a distance H ( suggested values in the
    range 0.60 m to 1.50 m ) from the floor (floor with no carpeting ,surface of floor can be
    wood, metal, ceramic, hard plastic) so the sound of cylinder hitting the floor is clearly
    heard.
    9. Using Audacity, start to record the sound that you are about to produce as you hit the
    object and as it hits the floor. Use a hard stick or bar (the flat part of a screwdriver, edge
    of plastic ruler, metal part of flat knife, …) to hit the object at the edge of table and, after
    object hits the floor, stop recording.

    10. In Audacity your screen will look like Fig. 2 below. The beginning of the first burst
    corresponds to the cylinder being hit and the start of dropping (actually the dropping
    starts a few milliseconds later). The start of the second burst corresponds to the cylinder
    hitting the floor, the rest are just bounces of cylinder on floor and should be ignored.

    Fig. 2 .- Audacity recording of cylinder fall.

    11. Enlargement of the Audacity portion of interest and marking of times of interest, see
    Fig. 3, will allow you to measure the time of fall, t . You can now calculate the
    experimental value for the acceleration of gravity, gexp .

    gexp = 2 H / ( t2 )

    Find the error for your measurement if the accepted value for the acceleration of gravity
    near surface of earth, gacc is 9.80 m/s2

    3
    12. Repeat steps 7 to 11 for the same cylinder, six pennies, but this time you hit it harder;
    making the object travel a larger horizontal distance.

    Question 2. Does the time to fall from the same height depend on the horizontal distance
    traveled? Briefly explain.

    Fig. 3.- Selecting duration of fall. In this example, fall starts at 1.107 s , ends at 1.485 s. Time of fall is
    0.378 s.

    13. Repeat steps 7 to 12 for an object consisting of ten nickels.

    Question 3.- Does the time of fall depend on the weight of the object? Briefly explain.

    Question 4. Give two examples of falling objects that are not free fall.

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