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    Name: Pranav G Dasgaonkar Roll No: 70 CLASS: 8 (CMPN-2) CG Experiment No: 09

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    shubham chutke
    The document contains the name, roll number, and class of Pranav Dasgaonkar. It then provides the aim, theory, algorithm, and program for an assignment to implement 2D transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shear on a graphics program. The transformations are applied to a triangle object by modifying the x and y coordinates.

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    Name: Pranav G Dasgaonkar Roll No: 70 CLASS: 8 (CMPN-2) CG Experiment No: 09

    Uploaded by

    shubham chutke
    68 views12 pages
    The document contains the name, roll number, and class of Pranav Dasgaonkar. It then provides the aim, theory, algorithm, and program for an assignment to implement 2D transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shear on a graphics program. The transformations are applied to a triangle object by modifying the x and y coordinates.

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    CG exp 09

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    The document contains the name, roll number, and class of Pranav Dasgaonkar. It then provides the aim, theory, algorithm, and program for an assignment to implement 2D transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shear on a graphics program. The transformations are applied to a triangle object by modifying the x and y coordinates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    68 views12 pages

    Name: Pranav G Dasgaonkar Roll No: 70 CLASS: 8 (CMPN-2) CG Experiment No: 09

    Uploaded by

    shubham chutke
    The document contains the name, roll number, and class of Pranav Dasgaonkar. It then provides the aim, theory, algorithm, and program for an assignment to implement 2D transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shear on a graphics program. The transformations are applied to a triangle object by modifying the x and y coordinates.

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    NAME : PRANAV G DASGAONKAR

    ROLL NO : 70
    CLASS : 8 (CMPN-2)
    CG EXPERIMENT NO : 09

    AIM: Implement 2D Transformations: Translation, Scaling,


    Rotation,Reflection,Shear.
    THEORY:
    Translation
    A translation moves an object to a different position on the screen. You can
    translate a point in 2D by adding translation coordinate (tx, ty) to the original
    coordinate (X, Y) to get the new coordinate (X’, Y’).
    X’ = X + tx
    Y’ = Y + ty
    The pair (tx, ty) is called the translation vector or shift vector. The above
    equations can also be represented using the column vectors.
    P=[X][Y] p' = [X′][Y′]T = [tx][ty]
    We can write it as
    − P’ = P + T
    Rotation
    In rotation, we rotate the object at particular angle θ (theta) from its origin. From
    the following figure, we can see that the point P(X, Y) is located at angle φ from
    the horizontal X coordinate with distance r from the origin. Let us suppose you
    want to rotate it at the angle θ. After rotating it to a new location, you will get a
    new point P’ (X’, Y’).
    Scaling
    To change the size of an object, scaling transformation is used. In the scaling
    process, you either expand or compress the dimensions of the object. Scaling can
    be achieved by multiplying the original coordinates of the object with the scaling
    factor to get the desired result. Let us assume that the original coordinates are (X,
    Y), the scaling factors are (SX, SY), and the produced coordinates are (X’, Y’). This
    can be mathematically represented as shown below
    − X' = X . SX and Y' = Y . SY
    Reflection
    Reflection is the mirror image of original object. In other words, we can say that it
    is a rotation operation with 180°. In reflection transformation, the size of the
    object does not change. The following figures show reflections with respect to X
    and Y axes, and about the origin respectively.
    Shear
    A transformation that slants the shape of an object is called the shear
    transformation. There are two shear transformations X-Shear and Y-Shear. One
    shifts X coordinates values and other shifts Y coordinate values. However; in both
    the cases only one coordinate changes its coordinates and other preserves its
    values. Shearing is also termed as Skewing. X-Shear The X-Shear preserves the Y
    coordinate and changes are made to X coordinates, which causes the vertical lines
    to tilt right or left as shown in below figure.

    Y-Shear
    The Y-Shear preserves the X coordinates and changes the Y coordinates which
    causes the horizontal lines to transform into lines which slopes up or down as
    shown in the following figure.

    ALGORITHM:
    Step 1: Start
    Step 2: Initialize the graphics mode.
    Step 3: Construct a 2D object (use Drawpoly()) e.g. (x,y)
    Step 4: A) Translation
    a. Get the translation value tx, ty
    b. Move the 2d object with tx, ty (x’=x+tx,y’=y+ty)
    c. Plot (x’,y’)
    PROGRAM:
    #include<graphics.h>

    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    #include<math.h>
    void main()
    {
    int gm,gd;
    int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,nx1,nx2,nx3,ny1,ny2,ny3,c;
    int sx,sy,xt,yt,r; float t; detectgraph((&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..//BGI");
    printf("\t Program for basic transactions");
    printf("\n\t Enter the points of triangle");
    setcolor(1);
    scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
    line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
    line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
    line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
    getch();
    printf("\n 1.Transaction\n 2.Rotation\n 3.Scalling\n 4.exit");
    printf("Enter your choice:");
    scanf("%d",&c);
    switch(c)
    {
    case 1: printf("\n Enter the translation factor");
    scanf("%d%d",&xt,&yt);
    nx1=x1+xt;
    ny1=y1+yt;
    nx2=x2+xt;
    ny2=y2+yt;
    nx3=x3+xt;
    ny3=y3+yt;
    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);
    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);
    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);
    getch();
    case 2: printf("\n Enter the angle of rotation");
    scanf("%d",&r); t=3.14*r/180;
    nx1=abs(x1*cos(t)-y1*sin(t));
    ny1=abs(x1*sin(t)+y1*cos(t));
    nx2=abs(x2*cos(t)-y2*sin(t));
    ny2=abs(x2*sin(t)+y2*cos(t));
    nx3=abs(x3*cos(t)-y3*sin(t));
    ny3=abs(x3*sin(t)+y3*cos(t));
    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);
    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);
    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);
    getch();
    case 3: printf("\n Enter the scalling factor");
    scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
    nx1=x1*sx;
    ny1=y2*sy;
    nx2=x2*sx;
    ny2=y2*sy;
    nx3=x3*sx;
    ny3=y3*sy;
    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);
    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);
    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);
    getch();
    case 4: break;
    default: printf("Enter the correct choice");
    }
    closegraph();
    }
    OUTPUT:

    1. SCALING:
    2. ROTATION:
    3.REFLECTION:
    4. SHEAR:

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