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    Byzantine 1

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    Mj Oh
    The document discusses architecture and art during the Early Christian and Byzantine era. It describes how Constantine legalized Christianity and moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, beginning the rise of Byzantine culture. Architectural features of early Christian churches included basilicas, apses, narthexes, and transepts. Centrally planned round or polygonal buildings contained a central altar and dome. Important architectural landmarks included San Vitale with its domed octagonal design and Hagia Sophia with its innovative use of pendentives under towering vaults. Mosaics and iconography depicted Christian symbols, and later iconoclastic controversies restricted religious art from depicting human figures.

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    Byzantine 1

    Uploaded by

    Mj Oh
    105 views3 pages
    The document discusses architecture and art during the Early Christian and Byzantine era. It describes how Constantine legalized Christianity and moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, beginning the rise of Byzantine culture. Architectural features of early Christian churches included basilicas, apses, narthexes, and transepts. Centrally planned round or polygonal buildings contained a central altar and dome. Important architectural landmarks included San Vitale with its domed octagonal design and Hagia Sophia with its innovative use of pendentives under towering vaults. Mosaics and iconography depicted Christian symbols, and later iconoclastic controversies restricted religious art from depicting human figures.

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    The document discusses architecture and art during the Early Christian and Byzantine era. It describes how Constantine legalized Christianity and moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, beginning the rise of Byzantine culture. Architectural features of early Christian churches included basilicas, apses, narthexes, and transepts. Centrally planned round or polygonal buildings contained a central altar and dome. Important architectural landmarks included San Vitale with its domed octagonal design and Hagia Sophia with its innovative use of pendentives under towering vaults. Mosaics and iconography depicted Christian symbols, and later iconoclastic controversies restricted religious art from depicting human figures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    105 views3 pages

    Byzantine 1

    Uploaded by

    Mj Oh
    The document discusses architecture and art during the Early Christian and Byzantine era. It describes how Constantine legalized Christianity and moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, beginning the rise of Byzantine culture. Architectural features of early Christian churches included basilicas, apses, narthexes, and transepts. Centrally planned round or polygonal buildings contained a central altar and dome. Important architectural landmarks included San Vitale with its domed octagonal design and Hagia Sophia with its innovative use of pendentives under towering vaults. Mosaics and iconography depicted Christian symbols, and later iconoclastic controversies restricted religious art from depicting human figures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Dark Ages

     Early Christian & Byzantine Era


     Constantine became emperor of Rome, and issued the Edict of Milan.
     The rise of Christianity
     The transfer of the capital from Rome to to Byzantium
     Justinian’s rule became the Golden Age of Byzantine culture and art.

    Architecture
     Basilicas- became a legal place of worship after the Edict of Milan issued by Constantine

     Apse- a projecting part of the building, especially of a church, usually semi-circular and
    topped by a half-dome or vault
     Narthex- a porch or a vestibule in Early Christian churches
     Nave- the long, narrow central area used to house the congregation
     Transept- the cross arm in a Christian church placed at right angles to the nave.

    Centrally Planned Buildings


     Could be round or polygonal. They were developed from the Roman baths, radiated from
    a central point and were surmounted by a dome.
     They contained a central altar or tomb and a cylindrical core with clerestory windows and
    an ambulatory.

    o Ambulatory- a circular barrel-vaulted passage, which ran between the central


    space and the exterior walls.
     Martyrium- sanctuaries that enshrines a relic/tomb a martyr.
     Christians objected to cremation, insisted on burial on consecrated ground
     usually domed with lavish mosaic decorations
     Mausoleum a large architectural tomb
     Baptisteries
     separate or adjoined atrium
     occasionally used old Roman circular temples and tombs, enlarged by surrounding it one-
    storey aisle enclosed by outer wall supporting lower roof

    Architectural Landmarks
     San Vitale in Ravenna is a large octagonal building with a dome over the central core
     The Hagia Sophia (‘Holy Wisdom’)
    o The undisputed architectural masterpiece of Justinian’s reign.
    o It was planned by two mathematicians, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidoros of
    Miletus, who successfully combined elements of the basilica with enormous
    rising vaults
    o Used pendentives in its design.

     Domes, Pendentives & Squinches


    o Pendentives- these are inwardly curving triangular sections of
    vaulting between walls or arches set at right angles

    o Squinches- small single arches built across the corners of a square or


    polygonal space.
     Art
     Early Christian iconography
    o Cross
    o Fish (ichtus)
    o Lamb
    o Chi-rho, alpha, omega
    o Wreaths
    o Grapes
    o Doves

     Mosaic
     Iconoclastic Controversy (8th-9th century)- argued that images of holy figures were
    tantamount to idolatry.
     The iconoclasts (breakers of images)- permitted religious art to depict designs, patterns,
    animal or plant forms but not human figures.

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