Management Assigment

PRINCIPLE OF
MANAGEMENT
ASSIGMENT 1
NAME: MOIZ HASHMI
CLASS: 1D
ENROLLMENT NUMBER: 02-111211-252
[COMPANY NAME] | [Company address]

Functions of management :
there are four type of function of management in an organization to attain
organizational goals
1. Function of planning
2. Function of organizing
3. Function of leading
4. Function of controlling
PLANNING: Planning means identifying goals for future organizational

performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.
In other words, managerial planning defines where the organization wants to be in
the future and how to get there.
ORGANIZING: Organizing typically follows planning and reflects how the

organization tries to accomplish the plan. Organizing involves assigning tasks,
grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources
across the organization.
LEADING: Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve

organizational goals. Leading means creating a shared culture and values,
communicating goals to people throughout the organization, and infusing
employees with the desire to perform at a high level.
CONTROLLING: Controlling is the fourth function in the management process.

Controlling means monitoring employees’ activities, determining whether the
organization is moving toward its goals, and making corrections, as necessary.
2: Levels of Management
THERE ARE FOUR LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
First line managers manage the worked non managerial employees who
typically are involved with prediction producing the organization's
product or services, organization costumes these managers often have
titles such as Supervisors and even shift managers.
Middle manager managers manage the work of first line manager and
can be found between the lowest and top level of the organization, they
have the title of regional manager, project leader etc. Middle manager is
mainly responsible for turning company strategy into action.
Top managers are those who are responsible for making organization
wide decisions and establishing the plans and goal that affect the entire
organization.eg board of finance, HR etc.
Organogram & Its Types
Organizational structure also called Organogram An organizational structure is a

system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals
of an organization. These activities can include rules, roles, and responsibilities.
The organizational structure also determines how information flows between levels
within the company.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTS
HORIZONTAL/ FLAT STRUCTURE
VERTICAL STRUCTURE/HEIRARICAL STRUCTURE
MATRIX STRUCTURE
HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE: A flat organization (also known as horizontal

organization) has an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle
management between staff and executives.
VERTICAL HIERARCHIAL STRUCTURE
THIS IS ONE WHERE THERE ARE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THE
ORGANIZATION WITH FEWER AND FEWER PEOPLE ON EACH
HIGHER LEVEL
MATRIX STRUCTURE: AN ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE THAT

CREATES PROJECT TEAMS THAT CUT ACROSS TRADTIONAL
FUNCTIONAL DEPADRTMENTS.
Roles of a manager:
ROLES OF MANAGERS IS TO PERFORM
1. Daily Operations: The primary role of a manager is to ensure the daily

functioning of a department or group of employees.
2. Staffing: Most employers expect their managers to interview, hire, and train
new employees.
3. Set Goals: A manager articulates both short and long-term goals to ensure a
company’s longevity.
4. Administration: Managers complete administrative work and correspond
with other departments.
5. Delegation: Effective managers have confidence in their employees and
delegate tasks according to the department’s needs.
6. Motivate: As a leader, a manager motivates staff and creates an
environment where employees thrive.
7. Enforcing Policy: Managers enforce company policy to cultivate an
environment that makes employees hold one another accountable for their
actions.
8. Training: If new technologies or systems are introduced to business,
employers turn to managers to train employees.
9. Evaluation: To encourage satisfactory work, managers evaluate data and
employee performance.
SKILLS OF MANAGER
SKILLS OF MANAGER TO BE EFFECTIVE IN BUSINESS MANAGEMNT IS:
1. Coaching: In the business world, managers coach employees to help them

perform their positions more efficiently.
2. Organization: Although departments vary in size, managers are responsible
for the performances of other employees, meaning that managers maintain
an organized work environment.
3. Budget Development: Many managers oversee business financials,
meaning that managers have the skills to make budgets.
4. Handling Pressure: The business world is often competitive and high
pressure, so an effective manager handles that pressure and thrives in a high
stake’s environment.
5. Adaptation: The business sector is constantly changing, and managers adapt
to alternative technologies, management structures, and forms of
communication.
6. Initiative: Managers do not always wait for their boss to give them
directions. Instead, they take the initiative and begin projects when
necessary.
7. Collaboration: The best ideas are often created during collaborative efforts,
meaning that managers take the time to work with their employees, other
managers, and their bosses.
8. Project Management: To ensure success, managers oversee every step of a
project and intervene when necessary.
Differentiate between efficiency and effectiveness.
Efficiency and effectiveness are not the same thing. Efficiency is defined as the
ability to accomplish something with the least amount of wasted time, money, and
effort or competency in performance. Effectiveness is defined as the degree to
which something is successful in producing a desired result; success
Or as in simple words efficiency is doing things right getting the most output for
the least inputs
Effectiveness is doing right things attaining organizational goals.
Differentiate between vertical structure & horizontal structure.
Horizontal organizations are organization that focus on skill proficiency rather than
management hierarchy. Fewer divisions exist between executives in senior
positions and the staff. In smaller companies, a CEO with industry experience
might work directly with a software development team. However, in technical
questions and situations, he or she will usually defer to the most senior software
engineer. Horizontal organizations are seen in startups, with a priority for project
delivery rather than traditional management. All employees across the organization
are given more or less the same trust and opportunity for input into project
decisions. Productivity and achievement of goals are higher concerns, so the ability
to solve problems creatively is encouraged.
whereas vertical organizations is an organization that have a well-defined
leadership structure at the top. Their influence flows down to middle managers and
department heads. In turn, middle managers assign tasks to employees within their
departments. When an employee completes a task, it is presented back up the
hierarchy, until a manager with sufficient authority approves (or rejects) the work.
The approved work is then moved out of the originating department, and to other
areas of the business for further testing or for production.
Differentiate between technical skills & conceptual skills
Conceptual Skills are the abilities to see the big picture to point out worth
mentioning elements in a situation and to understand relationship among the
elements, these abilities are important to take effective decisions. The relative
importance of management skills may differ at various levels in the organization.
First line managers which also called supervisor have expertise in technical skills,
which is very important. They supervise a group of workers. A good supervisor
must point out faults, first solve them it or report to Middle Managers. At this level
they have no concern with decision-making, or management functions.
Whereas Human Skills are the ability of working with people, individually and in a
group. Managers with good human skills can create an environment where people
feel secure and free to express the view. These managers are bold, communicate
well, and can motivate their subordinates.
Differentiate between strategic & operational goals
Strategic Goal Operational Goal

Doing things differently. Doing the  Doing things better. Doing
1
right things. things right.
 Short-term (week, month,
2 Long-term (2-4 years)
quarter)
3 Aligned with mission/vision  Aligned with strategic goals
 Allows achieving strategic
4. Gives coherence to the operational goals goals by giving workable
execution plan
Sustainable advantages. Long-term  Best practices. Short term
5.
profitability. profitability.
6. Game of top managers  Game of line managers

Management Assigment

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PRINCIPLE OF

[COMPANY NAME] | [Company address]

PLANNING: Planning means identifying goals for future organizational

ORGANIZING: Organizing typically follows planning and reflects how the

LEADING: Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve

CONTROLLING: Controlling is the fourth function in the management process.

Organizational structure also called Organogram An organizational structure is a

HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE: A flat organization (also known as horizontal

MATRIX STRUCTURE: AN ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE THAT

1. Daily Operations: The primary role of a manager is to ensure the daily

1. Coaching: In the business world, managers coach employees to help them

Differentiate between strategic & operational goals

Strategic Goal Operational Goal

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