2 - CBNC vs. CIR

5/31/2021 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 793

G.R. No. 190506. June 13, 2016.*

CORAL BAY NICKEL CORPORATION, petitioner, vs.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, respondent.
Taxation; Tax Refund; Tax Credit; As pronounced in Silicon

Philippines, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 754 SCRA
279 (2015), the exception to the mandatory and jurisdictional
compliance with the 120+30-day period is when the claim for the
tax refund or credit was filed in the period between December 10,
2003 and October 5, 2010 during which Bureau of Intenal Revenue
(BIR) Ruling No. DA-489-03 was still in effect.—As pronounced in
Silicon Philippines, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 754
SCRA 279 (2015), the exception to the mandatory and
jurisdictional compliance with the 120+30-day period is when the
claim for the tax refund or credit was filed in the period between
December 10, 2003 and October 5, 2010 during which BIR Ruling
No. DA-489-03 was still in effect. Accordingly, the premature
filing of the judicial claim was allowed, giving to the CTA
jurisdiction over the appeal.
Same; Cross Border Doctrine; Destination Principle; With the
issuance of Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC) No. 74-99, the
distinction under the old rule was disregarded and the new
circular took into consideration the two (2) important principles of
the Philippine Value-Added Tax (VAT) system: the Cross Border
Doctrine and the Destination Principle.—With the issuance of
RMC 74-99, the distinction under the old rule was disregarded
and the new circular took into consideration the two important
principles of the Philippine VAT system: the Cross Border
Doctrine and the Destination Principle.
Same; Value-Added Tax; No Value-Added Tax (VAT) shall be
imposed to form part of the cost of goods destined for consumption
outside of the territorial border of the taxing authority.—Section 8
of Republic Act No. 7916 mandates that PEZA shall manage and
operate the ECOZONE as a separate customs territory. The
https://central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/00000179c31650da34b637cb000d00d40059004a/t/?o=False 1/13
provision thereby establishes the fiction that an ECOZONE is a

foreign terri-
_______________
* FIRST DIVISION.

190
190 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Coral Bay Nickel Corporation vs. Commissioner of Internal
Revenue
tory separate and distinct from the customs territory.

Accordingly, the sales made by suppliers from a customs territory
to a purchaser located within an ECOZONE will be considered as
exportations. Following the Philippine VAT system’s adherence to
the Cross Border Doctrine and Destination Principle, the VAT
implications are that “no VAT shall be imposed to form part of the
cost of goods destined for consumption outside of the territorial
border of the taxing authority.”
Same; Tax Refund; Tax Credit; A claim for tax refund or
credit is similar to a tax exemption and should be strictly
construed against the taxpayer.—We should also take into
consideration the nature of VAT as an indirect tax. Although the
seller is statutorily liable for the payment of VAT, the amount of
the tax is allowed to be shifted or passed on to the buyer.
However, reporting and remittance of the VAT paid to the BIR
remained to be the seller/supplier’s obligation. Hence, the proper
party to seek the tax refund or credit should be the suppliers, not
the petitioner. In view of the foregoing considerations, the Court
must uphold the rejection of the appeal of the petitioner. This
Court has repeatedly pointed out that a claim for tax refund or
credit is similar to a tax exemption and should be strictly
construed against the taxpayer. The burden of proof to show that
he is ultimately entitled to the grant of such tax refund or credit
rests on the taxpayer. Sadly, the petitioner has not discharged its
burden.
PETITION for review on certiorari of a decision of the

Court of Tax Appeals En Banc.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
Du-Baladad & Associates for petitioner.
The Solicitor General for respondent.
BERSAMIN, J.:

This appeal is brought by a taxpayer whose claim for the
refund or credit pertaining to its alleged unutilized input
tax for the third and fourth quarters of the year 2002
amounting to P50,124,086.75 had been denied by the
Commissioner of

192

Revenue
Internal Revenue. The Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) En

Banc and in Division denied its appeal.
We sustain the denial of the appeal.

Antecedents

The petitioner, a domestic corporation engaged in the
manufacture of nickel and/or cobalt mixed sulphide, is a
VAT entity registered with the Bureau of Internal Revenue
(BIR). It is also registered with the Philippine Economic
Zone Authority (PEZA) as an Ecozone Export Enterprise at
the Rio Tuba Export Processing Zone under PEZA
Certificate of Registration dated December 27, 2002.1
On August 5, 2003,2 the petitioner filed its Amended
VAT Return declaring unutilized input tax from its
domestic purchases of capital goods, other than capital
goods and services, for its third and fourth quarters of 2002
totalling P50,124,086.75. On June 14, 2004,3 it filed with
Revenue District Office No. 36 in Palawan its Application
for Tax Credits/Refund (BIR Form 1914) together with
supporting documents.
Due to the alleged inaction of the respondent, the
petitioner elevated its claim to the CTA on July 8, 2004 by
petition for review, praying for the refund of the aforesaid
input VAT (CTA Case No. 7022).4
After trial on the merits, the CTA in Division
promulgated its decision on March 10, 20085 denying the
petitioner’s claim for refund on the ground that the
petitioner was not entitled
_______________
1 Rollo, p. 54.
2 Id., at pp. 63, 69.
3 Id., at p. 73.
4 Id., at p. 132.
5 Id., at pp. 85-101; penned by Associate Justice Olga Palanca-
Enriquez, with Associate Justices Juanito C. Castañeda, Jr. and Erlinda
P. Uy, concurring.

193
VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 193

Revenue
to the refund of alleged unutilized input VAT following

Section 106(A)(2)(a)(5) of the National Internal Revenue
Code (NIRC) of 1997, as amended, in relation to Article
77(2) of the Omnibus Investment Code and conformably
with the Cross Border Doctrine. In support of its ruling, the
CTA in Division cited Commissioner of Internal Revenue v.
Toshiba Information Equipment (Phils.), Inc. (Toshiba)6
and Revenue Memorandum Circular No. (“RMC”) 42-03.7
After the CTA in Division denied its Motion for
Reconsideration8 on July 2, 2008,9 the petitioner elevated
the matter to the CTA En Banc (C.T.A. E.B. Case No. 403),
which also denied the petition through the assailed
decision promulgated on May 29, 2009.10
The CTA En Banc denied the petitioner’s Motion for
Reconsideration through the resolution dated December 10,
2009.11
Hence, this appeal, whereby the petitioner contends that
Toshiba is not applicable inasmuch as the unutilized input
VAT subject of its claim was incurred from May 1, 2002 to
December 31, 2002 as a VAT-registered taxpayer, not as a
PEZA-registered enterprise; that during the period subject
of its claim, it was not yet registered with PEZA because it
was only on December 27, 2002 that its Certificate of
Registration was issued;12 that until then, it could not have
refused the payment of VAT on its purchases because it
could not present any valid proof of zero-rating to its VAT-
registered suppliers;
_______________
6 G.R. No. 150154, August 9, 2005, 466 SCRA 211.
7 Clarifying Certain Issues Raised Relative to the Processing of Claims

for Value-Added Tax (VAT) Credit/Refund, Including Those Filed with the
Tax and Revenue Group, One-Stop Shop Inter-Agency Tax Credit and Duty
Drawback Center, Department of Finance (OSS) by Direct Exporters; dated
July 15, 2003.
8 Rollo, pp. 102-106.
9 Id., at pp. 107-108.
10 Id., at pp. 130-144.
11 Id., at pp. 43-45.
12 Id., at p. 22.

194

Revenue
and that it complied with all the procedural and

substantive requirements under the law and regulations
for its entitlement to the refund.13

Issue

Was the petitioner, an entity located within an
ECOZONE, entitled to the refund of its unutilized input
taxes incurred before it became a PEZA-registered entity?

Ruling of the Court

The appeal is bereft of merit.
We first explain why we have given due course to the
petition for review on certiorari despite the petitioner’s
premature filing of its judicial claim in the CTA.
The petitioner filed with the BIR on June 10, 2004 its
application for tax refund or credit representing the
unutilized input tax for the third and fourth quarters of
2002. Barely 28 days later, it brought its appeal in the CTA
contending that there was inaction on the part of the
petitioner despite its not having waited for the lapse of the
120-day period mandated by Section 112(D) of the 1997
NIRC. At the time of the petitioner’s appeal, however, the
applicable rule was that provided under BIR Ruling No.
DA-489-03,14 issued on December 10, 2003, to wit:
It appears, therefore, that it is not necessary for

the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to first act
unfavorably on the claim for refund before the Court
of Tax Appeals could validly take cognizance of the
case. This is so because of the positive mandate of
Section 230 of the Tax
_______________
13 Id., at p. 15.
14 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. San Roque Power Corp., G.R.
Nos. 187485, 196113, 197156, February 12, 2013, 690 SCRA 336, 469.

195
VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 195

Revenue
Code and also by virtue of the doctrine that the

delay of the Commissioner in rendering his decision
does not extend the reglementary period prescribed
by statute.
Incidentally, the taxpayer could not be faulted for
taking advantage of the full two-year period set by
law for filing his claim for refund [with the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue]. Indeed, no
provision in the tax code requires that the claim for
refund be filed at the earliest instance in order to give
the Commissioner an opportunity to rule on it and the
court to review the ruling of the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue on appeal. x x x

As pronounced in Silicon Philippines, Inc. v.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue,15 the exception to the
mandatory and jurisdictional compliance with the 120+30-
day period is when the claim for the tax refund or credit
was filed in the period between December 10, 2003 and
October 5, 2010 during which BIR Ruling No. DA-489-03
was still in effect. Accordingly, the premature filing of the
judicial claim was allowed, giving to the CTA jurisdiction
over the appeal.
As to the main issue, we sustain the assailed decision of
the CTA En Banc.
The petitioner’s insistence, that Toshiba is not

applicable because Toshiba Information Equipment
(Phils.), Inc., the taxpayer involved thereat, was a PEZA-
registered entity during the time subject of the claim for
tax refund or credit, is unwarranted. The most significant
difference between Toshiba and this case is that Revenue
Memorandum Circular No. 74-9916 was not yet in effect at
the time Toshiba Information Equipment (Phils.) Inc.
brought its claim for refund. Regardless of the distinction,
however, Toshiba actually dis-
_______________
15 G.R. No. 173241, March 25, 2015, 754 SCRA 279.

16 Tax Treatment of Sales of Goods, Property and Services Made by a
Supplier from the Customs Territory to a PEZA-Registered Enterprise; and
Sale Transactions Made by PEZA-Registered Enterprises Within and
Without the ECOZONE; October 15, 1999.

196

Revenue
cussed the VAT implication of PEZA-registered

enterprises and ECOZONE-located enterprises in its
entirety, which renders Toshiba applicable to the
petitioner’s case.
Prior to the effectivity of RMC 74-99, the old VAT rule
for PEZA-registered enterprises was based on their choice
of fiscal incentives, namely: (1) if the PEZA-registered
enterprise chose the 5% preferential tax on its gross income
in lieu of all taxes, as provided by Republic Act No. 7916, as
amended, then it was VAT-exempt; and (2) if the PEZA-
registered enterprise availed itself of the income tax
holiday under Executive Order No. 226, as amended, it was
subject to VAT at 10%17 (now, 12%). Based on this old rule,
Toshiba allowed the claim for refund or credit on the part
of Toshiba Information Equipment (Phils.), Inc.
This is not true with the petitioner. With the issuance of
RMC 74-99, the distinction under the old rule was
disregarded and the new circular took into consideration
the two important principles of the Philippine VAT system:
the Cross Border Doctrine and the Destination Principle.

Thus, Toshiba opined:

The rule that any sale by a VAT-registered
supplier from the Customs Territory to a PEZA-
registered enterprise shall be considered an export
sale and subject to zero percent (0%) VAT was clearly
established only on 15 October 1999, upon the
issuance of RMC No. 74-99. Prior to the said date,
however, whether or not a PEZA-registered enterprise
was VAT-exempt depended on the type of fiscal
incentives availed of by the said enterprise. This old
rule on VAT-exemption or liability of PEZA-registered
enterprises, followed by the BIR, also recognized and
affirmed by the CTA, the Court of Appeals, and even
this Court, cannot be lightly disregarded considering
the great number of PEZA-registered enterprises
_______________
17 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Toshiba Information

Equipment (Phils.), Inc., supra note 6.

197
VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 197

Revenue
which did rely on it to determine its tax liabilities,

as well as, its privileges.
According to the old rule, Section 23 of Rep. Act
No. 7916, as amended, gives the PEZA-registered
enterprise the option to choose between two sets of
fiscal incentives: (a) The five percent (5%) preferential
tax rate on its gross income under Rep. Act No. 7916,
as amended; and (b) the income tax holiday provided
under Executive Order No. 226, otherwise known as
the Omnibus Investment Code of 1987, as amended.
x x x x
This old rule clearly did not take into
consideration the Cross Border Doctrine
essential to the VAT system or the fiction of the
ECOZONE as a foreign territory. It relied totally
on the choice of fiscal incentives of the PEZA-
registered enterprise. Again, for emphasis, the old

VAT rule for PEZA-registered enterprises was based
on their choice of fiscal incentives: (1) If the PEZA-
registered enterprise chose the five percent (5%)
preferential tax on its gross income, in lieu of all
taxes, as provided by Rep. Act No. 7916, as amended,
then it would be VAT-exempt; (2) If the PEZA-
registered enterprise availed of the income tax
holiday under Exec. Order No. 226, as amended, it
shall be subject to VAT at ten percent (10%). Such
distinction was abolished by RMC No. 74-99,
which categorically declared that all sales of
goods, properties, and services made by a VAT-
registered supplier from the Customs Territory
to an ECOZONE enterprise shall be subject to
VAT, at zero percent (0%) rate, regardless of the
tatter’s type or class of PEZA registration; and,
thus, affirming the nature of a PEZA-registered
or an ECOZONE enterprise as a VAT-exempt
entity.18 (underscoring and emphasis supplied)

Furthermore, Section 8 of Republic Act No. 7916
mandates that PEZA shall manage and operate the
ECOZONE as a
_______________
18 Id., at pp. 229-231.

198

Revenue
separate customs territory. The provision thereby

establishes the fiction that an ECOZONE is a foreign
territory separate and distinct from the customs territory.
Accordingly, the sales made by suppliers from a customs
territory to a purchaser located within an ECOZONE will
be considered as exportations. Following the Philippine
VAT system’s adherence to the Cross Border Doctrine and
Destination Principle, the VAT implications are that “no
VAT shall be imposed to form part of the cost of goods
destined for consumption outside of the territorial border of

the taxing authority.”19 Thus, Toshiba has discussed that:

This Court agrees, however, that PEZA-registered
enterprises, which would necessarily be located
within ECOZONES, are VAT-exempt entities, not
because of Section 24 of Rep. Act No. 7916, as
amended, which imposes the five percent (5%)
preferential tax rate on gross income of PEZA-
registered enterprises, in lieu of all taxes; but, rather,
because of Section 8 of the same statute which
establishes the fiction that ECOZONES are
foreign territory.
It is important to note herein that respondent
Toshiba is located within an ECOZONE. An
ECOZONE or a Special Economic Zone has been
described as —
. . . [S]elected areas with highly developed or which
have the potential to be developed into agro-
industrial, industrial, tourist, recreational,
commercial, banking, investment and financial
centers whose metes and bounds are fixed or
delimited by Presidential Proclamations. An
ECOZONE may contain any or all of the following:
industrial estates (IEs), export processing zones
(EPZs), free trade zones and tourist/recreational
centers.
The national territory of the Philippines outside of
the proclaimed borders of the ECOZONE shall be
referred to as the Customs Territory.
_______________
19 Section 2, Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 74-99.

199
VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 199

Revenue
Section 8 of Rep. Act No. 7916, as amended,

mandates that the PEZA shall manage and operate
the ECOZONES as a separate customs territory;
thus, creating the fiction that the ECOZONE is a
foreign territory. As a result, sales made by a

supplier in the Customs Territory to a
purchaser in the ECOZONE shall be treated as
an exportation from the Customs Territory.
Conversely, sales made by a supplier from the
ECOZONE to a purchaser in the Customs Territory
shall be considered as an importation into the
Customs Territory.20 (underscoring and emphasis are
supplied)

The petitioner’s principal office was located in Barangay
Rio Tuba, Bataraza, Palawan.21 Its plant site was
specifically located inside the Rio Tuba Export Processing
Zone — a special economic zone (ECOZONE) created by
Proclamation No. 304, Series of 2002, in relation to
Republic Act No. 7916. As such, the purchases of goods and
services by the petitioner that were destined for
consumption within the ECOZONE should be free of VAT;
hence, no input VAT should then be paid on such
purchases, rendering the petitioner not entitled to claim a
tax refund or credit. Verily, if the petitioner had paid the
input VAT, the CTA was correct in holding that the
petitioner’s proper recourse was not against the
Government but against the seller who had shifted to it the
output VAT following RMC 42-03,22 which provides:
In case the supplier alleges that it reported such

sale as a taxable sale, the substantiation of
remittance of the output taxes of the seller (input
taxes of the exporter-buyer) can only be established
upon the thorough audit of the suppliers’ VAT returns
and corresponding books and records. It is, therefore,
imperative that the processing
_______________
20 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Toshiba Information

Equipment (Phils.), Inc., supra note 6 at pp. 223-225.
21 Rollo, p. 11.
22 Supra note 7.

200

Revenue
office recommends to the concerned BIR Office the

audit of the records of the seller.
In the meantime, the claim for input tax credit by
the exporter-buyer should be denied without prejudice
to the claimant’s right to seek reimbursement of the
VAT paid, if any, from its supplier.

We should also take into consideration the nature of
VAT as an indirect tax. Although the seller is statutorily
liable for the payment of VAT, the amount of the tax is
allowed to be shifted or passed on to the buyer.23 However,
reporting and remittance of the VAT paid to the BIR
remained to be the seller/supplier’s obligation. Hence, the
proper party to seek the tax refund or credit should be the
suppliers, not the petitioner.
In view of the foregoing considerations, the Court must
uphold the rejection of the appeal of the petitioner. This
Court has repeatedly pointed out that a claim for tax
refund or credit is similar to a tax exemption and should be
strictly construed against the taxpayer. The burden of proof
to show that he is ultimately entitled to the grant of such
tax refund or credit rests on the taxpayer.24 Sadly, the
petitioner has not discharged its burden.
WHEREFORE, the Court AFFIRMS the decision
promulgated on May 29, 2009 in C.T.A. E.B. Case No. 403;
and ORDERS the petitioner to pay the costs of suit.
SO ORDERED.
Sereno (CJ., Chairperson), Leonardo-De Castro, Perlas-

Bernabe and Caguioa, JJ., concur.
_______________
23 Consolidated Value-Added Tax Regulations of 2005, REVENUE

REGULATIONS NO. 16-05; took effect on November 1, 2005.
24 BPI Leasing Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127624,
November 18, 2003, 416 SCRA 4, 14.

201
VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 201

Revenue
Judgment affirmed.
Notes.—A Value-Added Tax (VAT)-registered taxpayer

claiming for refund or tax credit of their excess and
unutilized input VAT must file their administrative claim
within two years from the close of the taxable quarter when
the sales were made. (Team Energy Corporation [formerly
Mirant Pagbilao Corporation] vs. Commissioner of Internal
Revenue, 713 SCRA 142 [2014])
Only preponderance of evidence as applied in ordinary
civil cases is needed to substantiate a claim for tax refund.
(Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Team Sual
Corporation [formerly Mirant Sual Corporation], 730 SCRA
242 [2014])

——o0o——
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5/31/2021 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 793

G.R. No. 190506. June 13, 2016.*

Taxation; Tax Refund; Tax Credit; As pronounced in Silicon

provision thereby establishes the fiction that an ECOZONE is a

190 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tory separate and distinct from the customs territory.

PETITION for review on certiorari of a decision of the

192 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Internal Revenue. The Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) En

VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 193

to the refund of alleged unutilized input VAT following

6 G.R. No. 150154, August 9, 2005, 466 SCRA 211.

7 Clarifying Certain Issues Raised Relative to the Processing of Claims

194 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

and that it complied with all the procedural and

It appears, therefore, that it is not necessary for

VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 195

Code and also by virtue of the doctrine that the

The petitioner’s insistence, that Toshiba is not

15 G.R. No. 173241, March 25, 2015, 754 SCRA 279.

196 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

cussed the VAT implication of PEZA-registered

the Cross Border Doctrine and the Destination Principle.

17 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Toshiba Information

VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 197

which did rely on it to determine its tax liabilities,

registered enterprise. Again, for emphasis, the old

18 Id., at pp. 229-231.

198 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

separate customs territory. The provision thereby

destined for consumption outside of the territorial border of

19 Section 2, Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 74-99.

VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 199

Section 8 of Rep. Act No. 7916, as amended,

foreign territory. As a result, sales made by a

In case the supplier alleges that it reported such

20 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Toshiba Information

200 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

office recommends to the concerned BIR Office the

Sereno (CJ., Chairperson), Leonardo-De Castro, Perlas-

23 Consolidated Value-Added Tax Regulations of 2005, REVENUE

VOL. 793, JUNE 13, 2016 201

Notes.—A Value-Added Tax (VAT)-registered taxpayer

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