PirMehr Ali Shah

Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

Office of the controller of Examinations
Mid Exam / Spring 2021 (Paper Duration 12 hours)
To be filled by Teacher

Course No.: Course Title: Business Research Methods

Total Marks: Date of Exam: 06.05.2021 , 9.00 am to 9.00 pm

Degree: Semester: Section: BBA-6

Marks
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Obtained/
Total Marks
Marks
Obtaine
d
Total Marks in Words:
Name of the teacher: Dr. Malik Muhammad Afzal
Who taught the course: Signature of teacher / Examiner:

To be filled by Student

Registration No.: …18-ARID-6371.……… Name ; Shagufta Amin…..

Answer the following questions.

Q.No.1

How would you define the problem in the following case? (10 Marks)

The GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) do an unacceptable job

of accounting for the principle activities of the information age company.
Today, investors are in the dark because the accounting is irrelevant. The basic
purpose of accounting is to provide useful information to help investors make
rational investment, credit, and similar decisions, but today‘s most important
assets and activities intellectual capital and work knowledge are totally ignored.

Professor Robert A. Howell wants to reform the accounting system with the
goal of making clear the measurement of how companies produce cash and
create value.

Answer

This answer has two important parts, the first one is focusing on the research
and how it applies on organization. The second is focusing on the problem
which is related to GAAP.
 Two types of problem in this case

(i) First is the management problem\ recalling the product research;

(like: ask what decision maker needs to do, it should be action
oriented and focuses on symptoms). The other one is the research
problem comprises of what information is needed and how to be
obtained, information oriented and focuses on underlying causes.

For management problem these questions should be asked:

• Should a new product be introduced?

• Should the advertising campaign be changed?

• Should the price of the brand be increased?

As my point of view following research outlines the reasoning for the recalling
of the products, the research on how imp-rove the products so that recalling
costs can decrease and implementation of the solution.

Problem; the problems includes the reasons for recalling.

Lack of safety of products

Quality glitches

Productions delays

Bad image to the consumers and stakeholder

(ii) For research problem, the following are the target or goal:

The research is to study the problems causing to recall the products finding the
all answers of why it has affected the quality maybe through lack of quality
check, resource allocation and timing in the production facility. Right tools and
methods can be used to resolve the issues.

• gat chart and resources allocation of each production activities leading to on

time o0f movement of products and To determine consumer preferences and
purchase intentions for the proposed new product.

•quality check at every point of contact in every process resulting in reduction

of defects or poor quality and to determine effectiveness of current advertising
campaign
• Implementation of all safety precautions and standards in workplace for the
products sold and to determine the price elasticity of demand and impact on
sales and profits of various levels of price change.

 Continuous feedback and surveys from the customer with respect to

products improvement.

Implementation of reassuring in the manufacturing process to enhance quality

and efficiency of the workers, minimize defects by t5his the consumer belief
and expectations are met and the brand image across globe also kept in loop. It
is important to reduce the recalling if products as it results in to addition non
conformance costs and leads to negative cash fellow in company. It is important
to fix the solution in order to avoid the major mistake happening and effecting
in bigger way.

A problem is a concise description of issues which have to be improve3 on . It

helps in identifying, analyzing and reducing the gaps between the current
situation and the future or desire situation of a process or a product. The issues
can be address or solve through 5 whys in order to identify the root causes of
the issues.

We want all the organizations, to have the best accounting system with clear
measurements of cash flow and its value in the organizations currently we have
too many drawbacks in the accounting system due to lack of information and
lack of knowledge on investment, credits, intellectual, capital with respect to
potential investors hence forth leading to poor accounting system of cash and
value flow in the organizations and leading companies financial statements at
stake.

This creates an irrational effect on the investors and the companies deal due to
irrelevant detailing or lack of knowledge what information has to be provide to
the investors or to the respective to assets and activities which are completely
ignored.

We will be reforming the accounting system its principles with the goal of
maki9ng clear measurements of how the company should products cash and
create value. with the expertise in highly skilled person on board that is
Professor Robert A. Howell, the GAAP can be solved and implementation in
companies. GAAP is a aggregate of authoritative requirements (set via policy
boards) and the generally accepted approaches of recording and reporting
accounting data. GAAP ambitions to improve the readability, consistency, and
comparability of the verbal exchange of monetary statistics.

It is totally suitable to mention that accounting practices are meaningless to the

mass of folks who are looking for commercial enterprise expertise wherein they
need to invest. Due to the digressions which have taken place, the reason for
which accounting standards have been evolved has been completely de GAAP
is essential as it enables preserve trust inside the monetary markets. If not for
GAAP, buyers might be more reluctant to consider the facts provided to them
through corporations because they might have less self belief in its integrity.
Without that believe, we would see fewer transactions, doubtlessly leading to
higher transaction prices and a less robust economic system. GAAP also enables
buyers analyze agencies through making it less difficult to carry out “apples to
apples” comparisons among one organization and another fact.
Despite adhering to GAAP and different accounting principles, organizations
want to be very obvious approximately how they have got spent coins, wherein
they have got earned the coins, and how this coin might upload price to their
holdings, and ought to notify buyers. The buyers who might then locate
accounting statistics to be treasured have to be provided this fundamental
statistics. In making ready the coins flows, there are such a lot of intricacies
concerned that the motive for which the coins flows had been organized is now
totally defeated.
Therefore, rather than a extra user-friendly, easy-to-recognize accounting
machine that can fall into place, accounting structures which are irrational and
maintain buyers within side the dark ought to be removed. To draw close coins
and different transactions, buyers simply want to use not unusual place
expertise.

Q.No.2 (08 Marks)

The CEO of National Bank of Pakistan is in a doubt that many of the 850 male
and female desk officials of the bank are slightly separated from their
assignments. He thinks that employees who involved less in their work, they are
experiencing the greater level of stress at their workplace.

How can you design a theoretical framework with at least three independent
variables to test the hypotheses of CEO of National Bank of Pakistan?
Answer

In this case the CEO of the national bank of Pakistan should run a hypothesis
where he should test the effects of various on stress levels of the employees. He
can take the variables related to efficiency of work to check the effects that may
the lesser hours of working or less efficient working may have on stress levels.
The three independent variables to effect on stress levels employees that can be
taken are
Number of working hours
Number of assignment submitted
Number of leaves taken from work

Theoretical framework

Independent variables

Dependent

Working of hours

Assignment submitted

Leaves taken from

work

H1
H2 Bank performance
H3
Taking above as the variable factors, the effect of these factors on stress can be
calculated to check if the employee that involves lesson work had greater stress
level.

In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the following hypotheses were

developed for testing;

H1: Number of working hours has significant relationship with bank

performance

H2: number of assignment submitted has significant relationship with bank

performance.

H3: number leaves taken from work has significant relationship with bank
performance

Number of working hours;

High workloads, immoderate running hours, loss of help from the

management, lack of authority, shortage of group of workers, shortage of
sources, competitive management fashion, insufficient motivation ,
organizational culture and policy are a number of the principal reasons of the
pressure determined within the personnel inside the banking sector.

Number of assignment submitted;

The pressure to finish our task every day and score higher scales to promotion
can make our life unbearable. It’s not a secret that modern managers and
directors emphasize performance and over other equally important activities.
They assign employees many, complex assignments with strict deadlines almost
on daily basis which case the stress level. Due to stress employees don’t
participate in a good working performance. 

Number of leaves taken from work;

Number of high leaves taken from a work also because stress on employee due
to leaves his or her work in a pending and the deadline of submission on time
affects their mental level. Employee motivation affects organizational
productivity, and is accepted as an important element in increasing
performance. Highly motivated and committed employees contribute to a
favorable working environment
A hypothesis is a logical conjectured dating among or greater variables
expressed within the shape of a testable declaration”.

By checking out the hypotheses and confirming the conjectured relationships,

it's far anticipated that answers may be found to correct the troubles being
encountered.

Selection of Statistical Test:

We have to Choose the correct statistical check depending on whether the facts
amassed are parametric or nonparametric (In the parametric take a look at,
there's complete records about the population. Conversely, in the nonparametric
take a look at, there are no records approximately the population).so we have to
made questionnaire according to above hypothesis about the cause of stress on
employees.

Scale dimension

In our questionnaire, we use nominal l, ordinal and five-factor Liker scale as the
measurements. In our examine, reliability check became finished by way of the
usage of Cranach’s coefficient alpha, that helps to determine the size of The
better the fee of alpha, the more potent the connection among the impartial and
established variables. In addition, the variable is meeting the requirement of
reliability if the alpha price is same or extra the any alpha cost which falls
underneath 0.6 is taken into consideration as an unreliable result while for alpha
price that achieves zero and above is considered the extremely good and quality
result in their inner consistency.

Evaluate the Results:

See the output effects from survey and questionnaire evaluation indicate that the
importance degree is met. Evaluate the result of easy regression with the brink
fee of P and to reject or receive the speculation.

Implications

The examiner is thought to contribute drastically to bank performance, via

assisting satisfactory practitioners and academicians to higher apprehend the
connection of provider exceptional, working hours, number of leaves & worker
dedication financial institution overall performance amongst banking industry in
structural relationships.

Decision
When the resultant fee is greater than the crucial fee, the null hypothesis is
rejected, and the alternate familiar. If the calculated cost is less than the critical
value, the null is universal and the alternate rejected.

Conclusion

In summary, this statement especially specializes in the banking offerings that

have an impact on the financial institution overall performance which consists
of hours, tasks submissions, carrier first-class and leaves taken from work. In
order to preserve and enhance the financial institution performance, it has end
up a huge venture for the bank to advantage aggressive advantages. However,
bank performance may be progressed in addition by increasing the generation
stage in banks, accompanied through creative innovation in services and
products being supplied with the aid of the banks.

The end