PRACTICE TEST 12-5

PART ONE: LISTENING

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I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. invention B. eruption C. suggestion D. motivation
2. A. diaper B. diamond C. diary D. diameter
3. A. foreign B. continent C. scholarship D. almost
4. A. architect B. parachute C. choir D. psychology
5. A. companion B. company C. comparison D. compartment

II. Identify the word whose stressed pattern is different from that of the others.
1. A. coincide B. preferential C. misunderstand D. economics
2. A. admirable B. graduate C. implement D. intensity
3. A. acquaintance B. insecure C. respectful D. untrustworthy
4. A. etiquette B. circumstance C. colleague D. diversity
5. A. millennium B. congratulate C. promotional D. drastically

I. VOCABULARY, PREPOSITIONS & STRUCTURES

6. The nature reserve is home to_____200 species of animals.
A. an estimated B. estimated C. been estimated D. the estimate
7. Basic stretches are a routine______to your normal exercise plan.
A. which they need adding B. that you need to add them
C. you need to add D. can be added
8. ____told that there was no school, he woke up early.
A. Has not been B. He has not been C. Not having been D. His not being
9. The ferry_____from the island when it capsized 200 yards from the port.
A. had pasengers broght back B.was bringing passengers back
C. brought back pasengers D.had brought passengers back
10. The sunflower’s name is believed to the connection of the plant to the sun.
A. be originated in B. have originated from C. originate in D. be originated
from
11. What_____to discover that there was no running water in the isolated village!
A. shock it was B. was it a shock C. it was a shock D. a shock it was

12. Mike is keen on playing the guitar,_____no one else in his class is.
A. who B. that C. for which D. which

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14. I’m sorry that I have to leave so early, but____________because I have to pick up my son from school.
A. it can’t help B. it couldn’t help C. can’t it be helped

15. The archeologist was the first person_________about the missing artifacts. D. who informs
A. informing us B. to inform us C. informs us
_____from eating fried foods. D. withholding
16. Don is on a diet. He’s
A. boycotting B. refraining C. ignoring
D. cracking
17. Fred suffers from______ headaches that leave him unable to work.
A. splitting
B. breaking C. beating
D. related

D. defeats

D. include

D. straining

D. admire

D. arranges

D. schedule

A. rural B. suburban D. provincial

27. What a_______they can’t come. D. mortification

C. disgrace
A. humiliation B. shame with the crowds.
D. intertwined
28.I was following but lost her when she C. joined

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29. The bus was full that it started_____up the hill.
A. agitation B. shivering C. quaking D. shuddering

30.Holland has increased its total area through extensive land......

A. recuperation B. reclamation C. regeneration D. recapture

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the indicate the sentence that best completes
each of the following exchanges.

31: Two students are talking to each other in the class.

- “Do you mind if I take a seat?” – “ .”
A. No I mind B. No, do as you please C. Yes, do as you please D. Yes, I don’t mind
32: Jenny and Mark are talking to the living standard
Jenny : “I think higher living standard is one of the reason that many people want to be a city dweller.”
Mark: “ ”
A. Why not? B. I couldn’t agree more.
C. It’s nice of you to say so. D. That’s quite all right.
Mark the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
questions.
33: Embracing new technologies will help the country to develop more quickly.
A. rejecting B. obscuring C. disobeying D. contradicting
34: The hotel was incredible with breathtaking view and excellent cuisine.
A. unimpressive B. unspoilt C. unadorned D. untouched

Mark the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
questions
35: He may be shy now, but he’ll soon come out of his shell when he meets the right girl.
A. hole B. become confident C. shed D. become shy
36: The only cure for alcoholism is complete abstinence from alcohol.
A. sickness B. pretension C. avoidance D. absence

II. GUIDED CLOZE TEST

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word for each of the blanks from 1 to 10.
In ancient times there was no such thing as money. When people wanted (1)_______, they simply
bartered for it. Bartering is the (2) of goods or services without the use of money. For example, if a man had
com and he wanted rice, he would barter lais com for rice. So everyone was happy (3) there was a crisis,
such as a failure of the rice (4)____________________________.
Money as we know it today also has a risk of crisis. To understand how this may occur, we have to go
back to the basics of finance. Money is created when a loan is (5)______________out of a bank. This
results in a debt, which is essentially a promise to pay the money back at (6)________time in the future.
When loans cannot be paid back, the system falls apart, (7)______to a debt crisis.
Basically, global financial crises (8)______from the inability of countries to pay back their debts.
The catastrophic risk is that the country in debt will default on its loan (9)________, which means it can
no longer pay back its debts, (10)______chaos in the world’s financial markets.
1. A. money B. goods C. it D. something
2. A. replacement B. trading D. giving
C. ownership
3. A. otherwise B. unless
4. A. produce B. season C. but D. although
5. A. taken B. checked
C. crop D. growth
6. A. one B. certain
7. A. resulting B.reaching C. handed D. brought
8. A. derive B. cause
C. the D. some
9. A. expenses B. payments
10. A. causing B. setting C. leading D. causing
III. WORDFORMS
Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word thatfits in the space.
The Shetland Islands
1. The group of islands (0) known as Shetland which lie off the northern tip of Scotland comes as a culture
shock. The main island has a (00) population of just 17,000. The main town and capital, Lerwick can be
explored in minutes, and the liveliest (1 ENTERTAIN)..................is a night of fiddle-playing in a back-street
pub. Yet no one sits around twiddling their thumbs. In these harsh, (2 HOSPITALITY)...................
islands, there is a culture of self-reliance and (3 INITIATE)................. They need it. Thenearest mainland
town is Bergen, Norway, and the islands are on the same latitude as Greenland. The elements are (4
RELENT)........................... , making life here invigorating, if not downright hard. The (5
RESILIENCE)..................... qualities of the Shetlanders could be no better represented than in Ross Gazey, a
29-year-old (6 RESIDE)......................... of Unst, the most northerly community in Britain and home to
500 inhabitants. This small community has recently created the first and only (7 OPERATE)......................
community-owned renewable hydrogen energy system in the world, which Gazey conceived and
designed with a small group of local engineers. In short, they are pioneers in groundbreaking hydrogen
technology, the fuel that many energy experts predict will dominate the post-oil world. It is difficult to (8
EMPHASIS)...................... how important this work is for the future of energy production. As the
International Energy Agency put it, 'The (9 SUCCEED)................... integration of wind and hydrogen
technology into a (10 WORK)..................... system is something that many large energy businesses are still
struggling to make a reality, yet the community of Unst have already done it.' (Adapted from The Daily
Telegraph online)

IV. OPEN CLOZE TEST

Complete the passage below by writing ONE word in each gap.
Every female child bom on this earth within recorded history has had to absorb one fact: she is a
member of that half of the human (1)____________considered inferior to the (2)___________half. From
the moment of her (3)___she is marked off from her brother and receives the stamp of substandard. (4) the
circumstances of her arrival into this world, a long shadow falls across her,
the shadow of the second sex. However (5)______________she struggles, however she succeeds, that
shadow must touch some part of her and deform. Men, (6)_____________, are distorted by virtue of the
role set for their sex, (7)__________because they belong to the dominant sex they have more room for
manoeuvre, more ways in (8)__________to push their own individuality through the restrictions of that
role. Whatever their handicaps, efforts to break out of the mould are considered at least respectable, if (9)
_________________necessarily rewarded. Women, on the other hand, are historically penalised (10)
the same efforts and their rewards come only from remaining (and (11)____________looking) as much
(12)_____________the stereotype as possible. In a very general way, the female sex has been forced
away (13)____________the main pull of evolution-diversity, and pushed into (14)______________. The
loss, so far, to humanity as a (15)__________, is incalculable.
V. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 43 to 50.
The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive
weapons and the discovery of fire, although no body knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.
The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that
serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most
intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of
speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of
cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered hat speech could be used for narrative.
There are those who think in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture
on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. Probably
picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the
most important single factor in the development of man.
Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the
domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was a step in human progress to which
subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture made possible an immense
increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. These
were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent
resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the
physical comforts it provided.
Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of
pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information
to people who were not present when the information was given.
These inventions and discoveries - fire, speech, weapons, domestic animals, agriculture, and writing -
made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the
Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these.
During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and
political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized
life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Indus, but at the end of the
period in question it covered much the greater part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there
was no technical progress during this long time; there was progress - there were even two inventions of very
great importance, namely gunpowder and the mariner’s compass - but neither of these can be compared in their
power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.
Question 1. According to the author, which one of the following was first discovered or invented in human
civilization?
A. written language B. oral language C. fire D. domestication
Question 2: The author of the passage implies that in the development of man ________.
A. human speech developed along with other human faculties
B. picture language and writtenlanguage developed side by side
C. oral language preceded the use of fire
D. the ape might be taught to master speech
Question 3: According to the passage picture language was found most useful when _______.
A. people didn’t want to use speech in communication
B. oral language was not fully developed
C. people went hunting or traveling somewhere
D. people were inhabiting in caves
Question 4: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. increase B. agriculture C. number D. soil
Question 5: It is the author’s view that in human civilization agriculture ________.
A. is the most important step man has ever made
B. is only less important than the domestication of animals
C. had long been practiced as stated in written history
D. can be ranked in importance with the invention of machines
Question 6: The word “obscure” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.
A. interesting B. complex C. imperfect D. unclear
Question 7: The pastoral nomads would not have yielded to the agricultural way of life ________.
A. if it had not been for the benefits brought about by agriculture
B. unless agriculture could provide them with sufficient domesticated animals
C. if agriculture had taken up too large a number of their pastures
D. if they had not found setbacks in their pastoral way of life
Question 8: Written language in its initial stage was found more advantageous because ________.
A. it could communicate more accurately than the oral language
B. it had developed from picture language
C. information could be recorded and transmitted
D. it was easier to learn than picture language
VI.Reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph A-G from
the list below

List of Headings 14. Paragraph A

i. The influence of the seasons on productivity 15. Paragraph B
ii. A natural way to anger management 16. Paragraph C
iii. Natural building materials promote health 17. Paragraph D
iv. learning from experience in another field 18. Paragraph E
v. Stimulating the brain through internal design features 19. Paragraph F
vi. Current effects on the species of ancient experiences 20. Paragraph G
vii. Uniformity is not the answer
viii. The negative effects of restricted spaces
ix. Improving occupational performance
x. The modern continuation of ancient customs

Psychosocial Value of Space

A. What would a building space look and feel like if it were designed to promote psychological and social
well-being? How would it affect the senses, the emotions, and the mind? How would it affect behavioral
patterns? For insights, it is useful to look not at buildings but at zoos. Zoo design has gone through a radical
transformation in the past several decades. Cages have been replaced by natural habitats and geographic
clustering of animals. In some places, the animals are free ranging and the visitors are enclosed in buses or
trains moving through the habitat. Animals now exist in mixed species exhibits more like their natural
landscapes. And, as in nature, the animals have much greater control over their behavior. They can be on view
if they want, or out of sight. They forage, play, rest, mate and act like normal animals.
B. What brought about this transformation in philosophy and design? A key factor was concern over the
animals’ psychological and social well-being. Zoos could keep animals alive but they couldn’t make them
flourish. Caged animals often exhibit neurotic behaviors – pacing, repetitive motions, aggression, and
withdrawal. In one more example, an animal psychologist was hired by the Central Park Zoo to study a polar
bear that spent the day swimming in an endless figure of eights in its small pool. This was not normal polar
bear behavior and the zoo was concerned about it. After several days of observation, the animal psychologist
offered a diagnosis. The bear was bored. To compensate for this unfortunate situation, the zoo added amenities
and toys to bear’s enclosure to encourage exploration and play.
C. Are there lessons that we can apply To build design? Some experts believe so. For example biologist
Stephen Boyden (1971) defines the optimum healthy environment as ‘the conditions which tend, promote or
permit an animal optimal psychological, mental and social performance in its natural or “evolutionary”
environment. Because humans evolved in a natural landscape, it is reasonable to turn to the natural
environment for clues about performance patterns that may be applicable to building design. Drawing on
habitat selection theory ecologist Gordon Orians argues that humans are psychologically adapted to and prefer
landscape features that characterized the African plains or savannah, the presumed site of human evolution.
Although humans now live in many different habitats, Orians argues that our species long history as mobile
hunters or gatherers on the African savannahs should have left its mark on our psyche. If the ‘savannah
hypothesis’ is true we would expect to find that humans intrinsically like and find pleasurable environments
that contain the key features of the savannah most likely to have aided our ancestors’ survival and well being.
D. Although Boyden distinguishes between survival and well-being needs, they often overlap. For example,
people clearly need food for survival and health. However, food often serves as the basis for bonding and
relationship development. The ritual of sitting around a fire on the savannah or In a cave telling stories of the
day’s events and planning for tomorrow may be an ancient carryover from Homo sapiens’ hunting and
gathering days. According to anthropologist Melvin Konner, the sense of safety and intimacy associated with
the campfire may have been a factor in the evolution of intellectual progression as well as social bonds.
Today’s hearth is the family kitchen at home, and the community places, such as cafes and coffee bars, where
people increasingly congregate to eat, talk, read and work.
E. A growing body of research shows that building environments that connect people to nature are more
supportive of human emotional well being and cognitive performance than environments lacking these
features. For instance, research by Roger Ulrich consistently shows that passive viewing of nature through
windows promotes positive moods. Similarly, research by Rachel Kaplan found that workers with window
views of trees had a more positive outlook on life than those doing similar work but whose windows looked
out onto a parking lot. Connection to nature also provides mini mental breaks that may aid the ability to
concentrate, according to a research by Stephen Kaplan. Terry Hartig and colleagues report similar results in a
field experiment. People in their study who went for a walk in a predominantly natural setting achieved better
on several office tasks requiring concentration than those who walked in a predominantly built setting or who
quietly read a magazine indoors.
F. Studies of outdoor landscapes are providing evidence that the effects of nature on human well being and
health extend beyond emotional and cognitive functioning to social behavior and crime reduction. For instance,
Francis Kuo found that outdoor nature buffers aggression in urban high-rise settings and enhances the ability to
deal with demanding circumstances. He also reported that planting trees in urban areas increases sociability by
providing comfortable places for residents to talk with one another and develop friendships that promote
mutual support.
G. A natural perspective also contributes important insights into comfort maintenance. Because people differ
from one another in many ways (genetic, cultures, lifestyles) their ambient preferences vary. Furthermore, a
given person varies over time depending upon his or her state of health, activities, clothing levels and so forth.
For most of human history, people have actively managed their surroundings as well as their behaviors to
achieve comfort. Yet buildings continue to be designed with a ‘one size fits all’ approach. Very few buildings
or workstations enable occupants to control lighting, temperature, ventilation rates or noise conditions.
Although the technology is largely available to do this, the personal comfort systems have not sold well in the
marketplace, even though research by Walter Kroner and colleagues at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows
that personal control leads to significant increases in comfort and morale.
Questions 8-13
Look at the following people (Questions 8– 13) and the list of theories below. Match the person with the
correct theory A-I. You may use any letter more than once.

8. Gordon Orian List of theories

9. Melvin Konner A. Creating a green area can stimulate a sense of community.
10. Roger Ulrich B. People need adequate living space in order to be healthy
11. Stephan Kaplan C. Natural landscape can both relax and sharpen the mind
12. Francis Kuo D. Cooking together is an important element In human bonding,
13. Walter Kroner E. People feel more ease if they can adjust their environment.
F. Looking at a green environment improves people’s spirits.
G. Physical exercise improves creative thinking at work.
H. Man’s brain developed partly through regular association with peers
I. We are drawn to places similar to the area where our species originated.

III. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (30points)

Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning. In some questions, you have to use the
given words without changing their forms in any way.
1. The number of subscribers to our website is now at an all-time high.
Our website has________________________________________________________as it has now.
2. Can you help me think of new ideas for my fashion website? (COMING)
I need some_______________________________________with new ideas for my fashion website.