Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction
A fizzy drinks is a drink that usually contains carbonated water a sweetener and a natural
or artificial flavoring. The sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a
sugar substitute or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings,
preservatives and other ingredients.
Today we found out why flavored carbonated beverages are called “soft drinks” It turns
out; soft drinks aren’t just flavored carbonated beverages. “Soft Drink” refers to nearly all
beverages that do not contain significant amounts of alcohol.
The term “soft drink” though is now typically used exclusively for flavored carbonated
beverages. This is actually due to advertising. Flavored carbonated beverage makers were
having a hard time creating national advertisements due to the fact that what you call their
product varies from place to place. For instance, in parts of the United States and Canada,
flavored carbonated beverages are referred to as “pop” in other parts “soda” in yet other parts
“coke” and there are a variety of other names commonly used as well. Then if we go
international with the advertisements, in England these drinks are called “fizzy drinks” in Ireland
sometimes “minerals”. To account for the fact that they can’t refer to their product in the generic
sense on national advertisements, because of these varied terms, these manufactures have chosen
the term “soft drink” to be more or less a universal term for flavored carbonated beverages.
Most students consume fizzy drinks. The sweetness of these drinks was refreshing and
make us relax. It also increases the level of sugar in the blood. Drinking soft drinks become
popular among children and teenagers. Some teenagers drinking soft drinks instead of water this
behavior can make children prone to diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis.
Soft drinks contains sugar and acids and a very high of gas in which not necessary in our
body. Because of these gases the blood cannot take enough oxygen needed by the body and it
may fatal.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to investigate and answer the following questions;
1. How much gas is dissolved in different fizzy drinks?
2. Which fizzy drinks has high carbonation?
3. Is there any difference between the carbonation of bottled fizzy drinks and canned fizzy
drinks?

1
Significance and Importance of the Study
The significance and importance of this study are the following:
1. To measure the volume of gas according to the container such as cans and bottles of
different brands of soft drinks.
2. To educate the consumers especially the students about the volume of gas contained in
soft drinks.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The researchers aimed to focus on measuring the volume of gas of red fanta, green fanta,
orange fanta, coke, pepsi, sprite and est fizzy drinks in cans and in bottles by displacing water.
The volumes of gas were measured five (5) times in the room temperature to get the average of
gas in the different kinds of fizzy drinks in both bottled and canned fizzy drinks. The experiment
was conducted at Trattrakarnkhun School.

Hypothesis
There is a difference of gas volume between bottled fizzy drinks and canned fizzy drinks.

2
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Carbonated drinks or fizzy drinks are beverages that contain dissolved carbon dioxide.
The dissolution of CO2 in a liquid, gives rise to fizz or effervescence. The process usually
involves carbon dioxide under high pressure. When the pressure is removed, the carbon dioxide
is released from the solution as small bubbles, which causes the solution to become effervescent,
or fizzy. A common example is the dissolving of carbon dioxide in water, resulting in carbonated
water. Carbon dioxide is only weakly soluble in water, therefore it separates into a gas when the
pressure is released. Carbonated beverages are prepared by mixing flavored syrup with
carbonated water, both chilled. Carbonation levels range up to 5 volumes of CO 2 per liquid
volume. Ginger ale, colas, and related drinks are carbonated with 3.5 volumes. Other drinks,
often fruity ones, are carbonated less. Engraving of assorted scientific equipment, such as a
pneumatic trough. A dead mouse rests under one glass canister. Equipment used by Joseph
Priestley in his experiments on gases and the carbonation of water
In the late 18th century, scientists made important progress in replicating naturally
carbonated mineral waters. In 1767, Englishman Joseph Priestley first discovered a method of
infusing water with carbon dioxide to make carbonated water when he suspended a bowl of
distilled water above a beer vat at a local brewery in Leeds, England. His invention of carbonated
water (also known as soda water) is the major and defining component of most soft drinks.
Priestley found that water treated in this manner had a pleasant taste, and he offered it to his
friends as a refreshing drink. In 1772, Priestley published a paper entitled Impregnating Water
with Fixed Air in which he describes dripping oil of vitriol (or sulfuric acid as it is now called)
onto chalk to produce carbon dioxide gas, and encouraging the gas to dissolve into an agitated
bowl of water. Another Englishman, John Mervin Nooth, improved Priestley's design and sold
his apparatus for commercial use in pharmacies. Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman invented a
generating apparatus that made carbonated water from chalk by the use of sulfuric acid.
Bergman's apparatus allowed imitation mineral water to be produced in large amounts. Swedish
chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius started to add flavors (spices, juices, and wine) to carbonated water
in the late eighteenth century. Thomas Henry, an apothecary from Manchester, was the first to
sell artificial mineral water to the general public for medicinal purposes, beginning in the 1770s.
His recipe for 'Bewley's Mephitic Julep' consisted of 3 drachms of fossil alkali to a quart of
water, and the manufacture had to 'throw in streams of fixed air until all the alkaline taste is
destroyed'. Johann Jacob Schweppe developed a similar process to manufacture carbonated
mineral water at the same time. He founded the Schweppes Company in Geneva in 1783 to sell
carbonated water, and relocated his business to London in 1792. His drink soon gained in
popularity; among his new found patrons was Erasmus Darwin. In 1843, Schweppes
commercialized Malvern Water at the Holywell Spring in the Malvern Hills, and received a royal
warrant from King William IV. It was not long before flavoring was combined with carbonated
water. The earliest reference to carbonated ginger beer is in a Practical Treatise on Brewing.

3
Published in 1809. The drinking of either natural or artificial mineral water was considered at the
time to be a healthy practice, and was promoted by advocates of temperance. Pharmacists selling
mineral waters began to add herbs and chemicals to unflavored mineral water. They used birch
bark dandelion, sarsaparilla, fruit extracts, and other substances. Flavorings were also added to
improve the taste. Mass market and industrialization
An 1883 advertisement for Schweppes Mineral-Waters. Soft drinks soon outgrew their origins in
the medical world and became a widely consumed product, available cheaply for the masses. By
the 1840s, there were more than fifty soft drink manufacturers – an increase from just ten in the
previous decade. Carbonated lemonade was widely available in British refreshment stalls in
1833, and in 1845, R. White's Lemonade went on sale in the UK. For the Great Exhibition of
1851 in London, Schweppes was designated the official drink supplier and sold over a million
bottles of lemonade, ginger beer, Seltzer water and soda-water. There was a Schweppes soda
water fountain, situated directly at the entrance to the exhibition. Mixer drinks became popular in
the second half of the century. Tonic water was originally quinine added to water as a
prophylactic against malaria and was consumed by British officials stationed in the tropical areas
of South Asia and Africa. As the quinine powder was so bitter people began mixing the powder
with soda and sugar, and a basic tonic water was created. The first commercial tonic water was
produced in 1858. The mixed drink gin and tonic also originated in British colonial India, when
the British population would mix their medicinal quinine tonic with gin. The Codd-neck bottle
provided an effective seal for soft drinks in the late 19th century. A persistent problem in the soft
drinks industry was the lack of an effective sealing of the bottles. Carbonated drink bottles are
under great pressure from the gas, so inventors tried to find the best way to prevent the carbon
dioxide or bubbles from escaping. The bottles could also explode if the pressure was too great.
Hiram Codd devised a patented bottling machine while working at a small mineral water works
in the Caledonian Road, Islington, in London in 1870. His Codd-neck bottle was designed to
enclose a marble and a rubber washer in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and
pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation.
The bottle was pinched into a special shape to provide a chamber into which the marble was
pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was
poured. By mid-1873 he had granted 20 licenses and received a further 50 applications. This was
boosted further by a Trade Show held in London in the same year. By 1874 the license was free
to bottle manufacturers as long as they purchased the marbles, sealing rings and used his groove
tool, and the mineral water firms they traded with had already bought a license to use his bottle.
In 1892, the "Crown Cork Bottle Seal" was patented by William Painter, a Baltimore, Maryland
machine shop operator. It was the first bottle top to successfully keep the bubbles in the bottle. In
1899, the first patent was issued for a glass-blowing machine for the automatic production of
glass bottles. Earlier glass bottles had all been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-
blowing machine was in operation. It was first operated by the inventor, Michael Owens, an
employee of Libby Glass Company. Within a few years, glass bottle production increased from
1,400 bottles a day to about 58,000 bottles a day.
In America, soda fountains were initially more popular, and many Americans would
frequent the soda fountain daily. Beginning in 1806, Yale University chemistry professor

4
Benjamin Silliman sold soda waters in New Haven, Connecticut. He used a Nooth apparatus to
produce his waters. Businessmen in Philadelphia and New York City also began selling soda
water in the early 19th century. In the 1830s, John Matthews of New York City and John
Lippincott of Philadelphia began manufacturing soda fountains. Both men were successful and
built large factories for fabricating fountains. Due to problems in the U.S. glass industry, bottled
drinks remained a small portion of the market throughout much of the 19th century. (However,
they were known in England. In The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, published in 1848, the caddish
Huntingdon, recovering from months of debauchery, wakes at noon and gulps a bottle of soda-
water. In the early 20th century, sales of bottled soda increased exponentially, and in the second
half of the 20th century, canned soft drinks became an important share of the market. During the
1920s, "Home-Paks" were invented. "Home-Paks" are the familiar six-pack cartons made from
cardboard. Vending machines also began to appear in the 1920s. Since then, soft drink vending
machines have become increasingly popular. Both hot and cold drinks are sold in these self-
service machines throughout the world.

Boyle’s Law
Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed
amount of gas at a constant temperature. According to Boyle's Law, an inverse relationship exists
between pressure and volume.
Boyle's Law holds true only if the number of molecules (n) and the temperature (T) are both
constant.
Boyle's Law is used to predict the result of introducing a change in volume and pressure only,
and only to the initial state of a fixed quantity of gas.
The relationship for Boyle's Law can be expressed as follows: P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1
are the initial pressure and volume values, and P2 and V2 are the values of the pressure and
volume of the gas after change. Boyle's Law states that the absolute pressure and volume of a
given mass of confined gas are inversely proportional, provided the temperature remains
unchanged within a closed system.
History and Derivation of Boyle's Law
The law was named after chemist and physicist Robert Boyle, who published the original
law in 1662. Boyle showed that the volume of air trapped by a liquid in the closed short limb of a
J-shaped tube decreased in exact proportion to the pressure produced by the liquid in the long
part of the tube. The trapped air acted much like a spring, exerting a force opposing its
compression. Boyle called this effect "the spring of the air" and published his results in a
pamphlet with that title. The difference between the heights of the two mercury columns gives
the pressure (76 cm = 1 atm), and the volume of the air is calculated from the length of the air
column and the tubing diameter. The law itself can be stated as follows: for a fixed amount of an
ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P (pressure) and V (volume) are inversely proportional—

5
that is, when one doubles, the other is reduced by half. Remember that these relations hold true
only if the number of molecules (n) and the temperature (T) are both constant.

Avogadro’s Law
Avogadro's Law states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different
gases contain an equal number of particles. His number of molecules or atoms in a specific
volume of ideal gas is independent of size or the gas' molar mass. Avogadro's Law is stated
mathematically as follows: where V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the
gas, and k is a proportionality constant. Volume ratios must be related to the relative numbers of
molecules that react; this relationship was crucial in establishing the formulas of simple
molecules at a time when the distinction between atoms and molecules was not clearly
understood. Under the same temperature and pressure conditions, equal volumes of all gases
contain the same number of Particles; also referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's
principle. Avogadro’s Law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's
principle) is a gas law; it states that under the same pressure and temperature conditions, equal
volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules. The law is named after Amedeo
Avogadro who, in 1811, hypothesized that two given samples of an ideal gas of the same volume
and at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules; thus, the
number of molecules or atoms in a specific volume of ideal gas is independent of their size or the
molar mass of the gas. For example, 1.00 L of N2 gas and 1.00 L of Cl 2 gas contain the same
number of molecules at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP).V is the volume of the gas, n
is the number of moles of the gas, and k is proportionality constant. As an example, equal
volumes of molecular hydrogen and nitrogen contain the same number of molecules and observe
ideal gas behavior when they are at the same temperature and pressure. In practice, real gases
show small deviations from the ideal behavior and do not adhere to the law perfectly; the law is
still a useful approximation for scientists, however. Discovering that the volume of a gas was
directly proportional to the number of particles it contained was crucial in establishing the
formulas for simple molecules at a time (around 1811) when the distinction between atoms and
molecules was not clearly understood. In particular, the existence of diatomic molecules of
elements such as H2, O2, and Cl2 was not recognized until the result of experiments involving gas
volumes was interpreted. Early chemists mistakenly assumed that the formula for water was HO,
leading them to miscalculate the molecular weight of oxygen as 8 instead of 16. However, when
chemists found that an assumed reaction of yielded twice the volume of HCl, they realized
hydrogen and chlorine were diatomic molecules. The chemists revised their reaction equation to
be. When chemists revisited their water experiment and their hypothesis that, they discovered
that the volume of hydrogen gas consumed was twice that of oxygen. By Avogadro's Law, this
meant that hydrogen and oxygen were combining in a 2:1 ratio. This discovery led to the correct
molecular formula for water (H2O) and the correct reaction

6
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined in order to provide a common frame of reference and to
have a better understanding and clearer interpretation of the study.
Carbonation. Refers to dissolved carbon dioxide in soft drinks.
Fizzy. Refers to the sounds produced in opening a fizzy drinks because of bubbles.
Fizzy drink. Refers to a carbonated drinks used in the study. It’s also known as soft drinks.
Gas. Refers to the carbon dioxide contains in soft drinks.

7
 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the experimental set-up, materials, procedures, data gathering and
treatment of data.

Experimental Set-up
The researchers used the experimental set-up to determine the volume of gas present in
different kinds of soft drinks. The experiment measured the volume of gas in soft drinks in cans
and bottles.
Materials
1. Fizzy drinks 2. Plastic bags

1. Volumetric flask 250ml 4. Graduated cylinder

8
5. Plastic tube 6. Rubber bond

7. Basin 8. Beaker

9. Scissors

Procedures
1. Take out any gas inside the plastic bag by rolling it, to be used to cover the soft drink
required in packing experiment.

2. Open the cap/ opening button of fizzy drinks in plastic bag and pour it.

3. Tightly tie the plastic with rubber bond. Don’t let the gas leak out.

4. Shake the fizzy drink in the plastic bag to form the bubbles foam. Shake it until no
bubbles shows up and set aside.

5. Cut a small hole in bottom button of plastic bag then put the plastic tube in. Do not
squeeze it tightly to let the gas out.

9
 6. Place the volumetric flask with full of water in inverted position into the basin. Then
make sure that the plastic tube is attached to the bag and into volumetric flask.

7. Let the gas pressure on chest of the plastic bag to displace the water in volumetric flask.

8. Record the volume of gas measured.

Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the different result, analysis and interpretation of data. The experimental
set-up of volume of gas measured in soft drinks in each kind is as follows.
Table 4.1 Volume of gas measured in orange fanta.

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

orange fanta (325 cm3) orange fanta (330 cm3)

1 745 cm3 712 cm3

2 698 cm3 868 cm3

3 789 cm3 823 cm3

4 761 cm3 902 cm3

5 812 cm3 836 cm3

Average 761 cm3 828.2 cm3

Table 4.2 Volume of gas measured in green fanta.

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

green fanta (330 cm3) green Fanta (325 cm3)

1 427 cm3 614 cm3

2 508 cm3 770 cm3

10
 3 679 cm3 690 cm3

4 532 cm3 722 cm3

5 608 cm3 797 cm3

Average 550.8 cm3 718.6 cm3

Table 4.3 Volume of gas measured in red fanta.

Trials Volume of gas in bottled red Volume of gas in canned red

fanta (330cm3) Fanta (325 cm3)

1 467 cm3 902 cm3

2 526 cm3 988 cm3

3 672 cm3 875cm3

4 708cm3 832cm3

5 562 cm3 849 cm3

Average 586.6 cm3 889.2 cm3

Table 4.4 Volume of gas measured in coke

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

Coke (590cm3) Coke (325 cm3)

1 944 cm3 619 cm3

2 906 cm3 870 cm3

3 901 cm3 691 cm3

11
 4 892 cm3 745 cm3

5 968 cm3 758 cm3

Average 922.2 cm3 736.6 cm3

Table 4.5 Volume of gas in Sprite

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

Sprite (330 cm3) Sprite (325 cm3)

1 632 cm3 592 cm3

2 689 cm3 814 cm3

3 732 cm3 783 cm3

4 708 cm3 700 cm3

5 722 cm3 802 cm3

Average 696.6 cm3 738.2 cm3

Table 4.6 Volume of gas measured in Pepsi

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

Pepsi (345 cm3) Pepsi (245 cm3)

1 640 cm3 909 cm3

2 705 cm3 1002 cm3

3 669 cm3 982 cm3

12
 4 713 cm3 906 cm3

5 722 cm3 842 cm3

Average 689.8 cm3 928.2 cm3

Table 4.7 Volume of gas measured in Est

Trials Volume of gas in bottled Volume of gas in canned

Est (360 cm3) Est (250 cm3)

1 687 cm3 1032 cm3

2 768 cm3 873 cm3

3 715 cm3 898 cm3

4 752 cm3 902 cm3

5 814 cm3 888 cm3

Average 747.2 cm3 918.6 cm3

Table 4.8 Average volume of gas per cm3 of liquid in different kind of fizzy drinks.

Kinds of fizzy drinks Volume of gas per cm3 in Volume of gas per cm3 in
bottled fizzy drinks canned fizzy drinks

Orange Fanta 2.30 cm3 2.54 cm3

Green Fanta 1.67 cm3 2.21 cm3

Red Fanta 1.78 cm3 2.73 cm3

Coke 1.56 cm3 2.27 cm3

13
 Sprite 2.11 cm3 2.27 cm3

Pepsi 1.99 cm3 3.78 cm3

Est 2.08 cm3 3.67 cm3

Table 4.9. Volume of gas in bottled fizzy drinks per cm3 of liquid.

2.5
2.3

2.11 2.08
1.99
2

1.78
1.67
1.56
1.5

Series 1

0.5

0
Orange Green Red Coke Sprite Pepsi Est

Table 4.9.The different kinds of beverages have different carbonation levels. The data
shows the varying amounts of gas among seven (7) fizzy drinks that are available in the market.

14
The graph shows the carbonation level in bottled sodas per cm 3 of liquid. Orange fanta has 2.30;
green fanta has 1.67; red fanta has 1.78; coke has 1.56; sprite has 2.11; pepsi has 1.99 and est has
2.08 orange fanta has the highest level of carbonation while coke got the lowest.

Table 4.10. Volume of gas in canned fizzy drinks per cm3 of liquid

4
3.78
3.67

3.5

3
2.73
2.54
2.5
2.21 2.27 2.27

2
Series 1

1.5

0.5

0
Orange Green Red Coke Sprite Pepsi Est

Table 4.10.The different kinds of beverages have different carbonation levels. The data shows the varying
amounts of gas among seven carbonated drinks that are available in the market.
The graph shows the carbonation level in canned fizzy drinks per cm 3 of liquid. Orange fanta has 2.54;
green fanta has 2.21; red fanta has 2.73; coke has 2.27; sprite has 2.27; pepsi has 3.78 and est has 3.67.
Pepsi has the highest level of carbonation while green fanta got the lowest.

15
.

Table 4.11 Ratio of gas and liquid in bottled orange fanta.

Bottled Orange Fanta

Volume
of Liquid
30%

Volume
of Gas
70%

Table 4.11. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3.of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of orange fanta is 1:2.30.

16
 Table 4.12 Ratio of Gas and Liquid in canned orange fan

Canned Orange Fanta

Volume
of
Liquid1
28%

Volume
of Gas
72%

Table 4.12. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of Fanta orange is 1:2.54

Table 4.13 Ratio of gas and liquid in bottled green Fanta.

Bottled Green Fanta

Volume of Liquid
37%

Volume of Gas
63%

Table 4.13. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of green fanta is 1:1.67

17
Table 4.14 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned green fanta.

Canned green Fanta

Volume
of Liquid
31%

Volume
of Gas
69%

Table 4.14. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of green fanta is 1:2.21

Table 4.15 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned red fanta.

bottled red fanta

Volume of liquid
36%

Volume of Gas
64%

Table 4.15. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of green fanta is 1:1.78

18
Table 4.16 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned red fanta.

Canned red Fanta

Volume
of Liquid
27%

Volume
of Gas
73%

Table 4.16. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of red fanta is 1:2.73

Table 4.17 Ratio of gas and liquid in bottled coke.

Bottled Coke

Volume of Liquid
39%

Volume of Gas
61%

Table 4.17. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of Coke is 1:1.56

19
Table 4.18 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned coke.

Canned Coke

Volume of
Liquid
31%

Volume of
Gas
69%

Table 4.18. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per 1cm3 of liquid.
The ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of Coke is 1:2.27.

Table 4.19 Ratio of Gas and Liquid in Sprite in Bottle

bottled sprite

Volume of Liquid
32%

Volume of Gas
68%

20
 Table 4.19. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of Sprite is 1:2.11

Table 4.20 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned sprite.

Canned Sprite
Volume of Liquid
31%

Volume of Gas
69%

Table 4.20. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3. The ratio
between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of Sprite is 3.48: 1

Table 4.21 Ratio of gas and liquid in bottled pepsi.

Bottled Pepsi

Volume of Liquid
33%

Volume of Gas
67%

Table 4.21. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of pepsi is 1:1.99

21
Table 4.22 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned pepsi.

Canned Pepsi

Volume of
Liquid
21%

Volume of
Gas
79%

Table 4.22. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3 of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of Pepsi is 1:3.78

Table 4.23 Ratio of gas and liquid in bottled est.

Bottled est

Volume of Liquid
32%

Volume of Gas
68%

Table 4.23. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every bottle of est is 1:2.08.

22
 Table 4.24 Ratio of gas and liquid in canned est.

Canned est

Volume of
Liquid
28%

Volume of Gas
72%

Table 4.24. The graph show the average volume of gas measured per cm3of liquid. The
ratio between the volume of liquid and gas in every can of Est is 1:3.67.

Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This study entitled “CARBONATION CONTENT IN DIFFERENT FIZZY DRINKS”

was conducted at the Science Room 4, Building 3 of Trattrakarnkhun School last 12-17 August
2020. This aimed; to educate the consumers about the volume of gas content in fizzy drinks, to
measure the volume of gas according to the containers such as cans and bottles of different
brands of fizzy drinks, to provide essential information regarding the effects of gases in soft
drinks.
Today we found out why flavored carbonated beverages are called “soft drinks”. It turns
out; soft drinks aren’t just flavored carbonated beverages. “Soft Drink” refers to nearly all
beverages that do not contain significant amounts of alcohol.
The term “soft drink” though is now typically used exclusively for flavored carbonated
beverages. This is actually due to advertising. Flavored carbonated beverage makers were
having a hard time creating national advertisements due to the fact that what you call their

23
product varies from place to place. For instance, in parts of the United States and Canada,
flavored carbonated beverages are referred to as “pop”; in other parts “soda”; in yet other parts
“coke”; and there are a variety of other names commonly used as well. Then if we go
international with the advertisements, in England these drinks are called “fizzy drinks”; in
Ireland sometimes “minerals”. To account for the fact that they can’t refer to their product in the
generic sense on national advertisements, because of these varied terms, these manufactures have
chosen the term “soft drink” to be more or less a universal term for flavored carbonated
beverages.
Most students consume fizzy drinks. The sweetness of these drinks was refreshing and
makes us relax. It also increases the level of sugar in the blood. Drinking soft drinks becoming
popular among students. Some teenagers drinking soft drinks instead of water this behavior can
make us prone to diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis.
Soft drinks contains sugar and acids and a very high of gas in which not necessary in our
body. Because of these gases the blood cannot take enough oxygen needed by the body and it
may fatal.
Based on the study, the fizzy drinks in cans have more gas content compare to fizzy
drinks in bottle. And out of seven soft drinks tested canned pepsi contains more gas and has a
ratio of 1:3.78 it means that the volume of gas in every cm 3 of pepsi it contains 79% of gas and
only 21% is liquid. It followed by canned est, red fanta, orange fanta, sprite, coke and green
fanta. And bottled fizzy drinks has more gas content are the following in order orange fanta,
sprite, est, pepsi, red fanta, green fanta and coke.

Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, we found out that the volume of carbonation in canned
fizzy drinks is higher than bottled soft drinks and canned pepsi contain more gas among other
fizzy drinks tested.

Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made:
1. We should avoid fizzy drinks and it should be totally banned to children.
2. Consumer should be aware about the carbonation contain in fizzy drinks they consume.
3. Manufacturer of fizzy drinks should label the amount of carbonation in its container.
4. Follow up study should be conducted and try to measure the sugar content of its fizzy
drinks.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Potter, N and Hotchkiss, J. Food Science. Champman and Hall, Inc.1986

Walstra, P., Geutrs, TJ., Jelma, A., and Van Boekel, M.A.J.S 1999.
Dairy Technology. Marcel and Dekker 2003.
Gorazd Planinsic. Physic Education Volume 39 page 65; June 2016
www.google.com.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink. August 2020
https://chemistrygod.com/verify-boyle-law-experiment.August 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law August 2020

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 APPENDICES

Researcher’s Profile

Name: Katesopon Samma

Nickname: Kate
Date of Birth: 9th February 2007
Parents:
Father: Mr. Anan Samma

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 Mother: Mrs. Kasinee Samma
Brother: Ittikorn Samma
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Mandanusorn School, Trat Province
Anuban Trat School, Trat Province
Secondary: Trattrakarnkhun School, Trat Province

Achievements:
2019- Representative in Multi skills Competition at Phanat Nikhom, Chonburi Province
2019- Representative in Skit Competition (Provincial Level)
2019- Representative in Skit Competition (Regional Level)

Researcher’s Profile

Name: Phatirat Sayotha

Nickname: Kaimook
Date of Birth: 19th July 2006
Parents:

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 Father: Mr. Saksri Sayotha
Mother: Mrs. Niratchada Sayotha
Sister: Thitirat Sayotha
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Anuban Trat School, Trat Province
Secondary: Trattrakarnkhun School, Trat Province

Achievements:
2019- Buddhism Prayer Chant (English Version)

Researcher’s Profile

Name: Pijitra Lubhirun

Nickname: Kwan
Date of Birth: 3rd November 2005

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Parents:
Father: Mr. Wasun Labhirun
Mother: Mrs. Chinda Labhirun
Sister: Nattanicha Lahirun
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Sunnanda Wittaya School, Trat Province
Secondary: Trattrakarnkhun School, Trat Province

Achievements:
2016- Representative in Poster Making Contest (Provincial Level)
2018- Representative in EP Spelling Bee Competition
2019- Representative in Book writing contest (Thai)

Expenditures

Variety of fizzy drinks……………………………….870.00

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 Plastic bag……………………………………………..38.00
Rubber bond…………………………………………...16.00
Plastic tube……………………………………………..10.00
Plastic basin…………………………………………….25.00
Total Amount………………………………………...959.00

Volume of gas measured

Trials Volume of Gas (Can) Volume of Gas (Bottle)

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 1

Average

Pictures

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