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Use of Zeolite Powder as a Supplement of Cement in Concrete: A Review

Shiva Ji Gond1AkhandPratap Mitra2Sandeep Yadav3Jayprakash Yadav4Virendra Kumar Saxena5
1, 2,3,4,5UG Student
1, 2, 3, 4,5Department of Civil Engineering
1, 2, 3, 4,5Buddha Institute of Technology Gida Gorakhpur, 273209, India

Abstract-This study focuses on the use of zeolite Keywords: Experimental Study, Water
powder in concrete as partial replacement of absorption, Absorption of CO2, M20 Concrete,
cement. Encourage the supplement product as a Zeolite.
construction material is the main objective of
this work. Zeolite powder is a natural material I. INTRODUCTION
which is being obtained during chemically
reaction of volcanic ash mixed up with sea water. This projects report on the effect of using zeolite
In this work, we used the I.S method for mix as a replacement of cement on the strength,
design and M20 grade for concrete. We prepared workability, durability properties. Concrete is
concrete mixtures for making cubes with most popular, important and most economical
different proportion of zeolite powder ranging construction material. Concrete is used very
from-(0%NZ+100%C), (10%NZ+90%C), widely everywhere making architectural
(20%NZ+80%C), (30%NZ+70%C). The curing structure and infrastructure. Concrete is a
was done for 7, 28 days. From the above test mixture of different kind of materials which is
result we found that after 7 days, the composed of water, cement, coarse aggregate
compressive strength of concrete was less than and fine aggregate. Cement is a most durable
the compressive strength of conventional material of concrete. Nowaday’s cement
concrete. But compressive strength was production is abundant which causes the
increasing as we increase the replacement level reduction in the source of cement. To fulfill this
of cement with zeolite powder. We also found gap created by cement, we can use zeolite
that the compressive strength of zeolitic powder as replacement material. We found that
concrete is maximum when we replace 10% of zeolite powder is a good substitute of
cement with zeolite powder and curing is done replacement of cement. It can reduce the cost of
for 28 days. construction. Due to the production of cement
the environment gets polluted and causes the
To evaluate the mechanical and durability source of CO2 emission. This entire process
properties of concrete mixtures containing causes global warming and Global warming
natural zeolite powder up to 10%, 20% and 30% resulted from the emission of greenhouse gases
replacements is carried out. Zeolite, a type of has received widespread attention. In the sense
natural pozzolanic material, is abundantly of greenhouse gases, more than 60% to global
founded in China and is easy to quarry. Due to warming caused due to contribution of CO2
partial replacement of cement by zeolite resulted because of its huge emission amount. According
in the decrement of compressive strength, to latest scenario about 400 ppm CO2
especially the early strength. concentration in atmosphere is measured.

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A. Scenario of Zeolite three parts: In the first part, the pozzolanic

reactivity of natural zeolite and silica fume were
This review paper is containing the information examined by a thermos gravimetric method. In
related to Zeolite and this information collected this case, the results indicated that natural
from different sources such as research papers, zeolite was not as reactive as silica fume but it
journals, magazines and websites. In this review showed a good pozzolanic reactivity. In the
paper we tried to collect much information second part, zeolite and silica fume were
related to Zeolite from already published article. substituted for cement in different proportions
in concrete mixtures, and several physical and
II. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY durability tests of concrete were performed.
Based on these results, the performance of
In this study we are trying to focus on the very concretes containing different contents of
special type of engineering material like Zeolite. zeolite improved and even were comparable to
Their property was not properly utilized. In or better than that of concretes prepared with
some extent Zeolite contain some advantageous silica fume replacements in some cases.
property like CO2 absorption as well as
reduction in water absorption when mixed with B.Uzal and L.Turanl (2012) studied the
cement. properties and hydration characteristics as well
as paste microstructure of blended cements
III. LITERATURE REVIEW containing 55% by weight zeolite tuff composed
mainly of clinoptilolite mineral were
B. Uzal et.al. (2010) studied the Pozzolanic investigated. Super plasticizer requirement and
activity of clinoptilolite, the most common compressive strength development of blended
natural zeolite mineral, was studied in cement mortars were also determined.
comparison to silica fume, fly ash and a non-
zeolitic natural pozzolana. The results showed Subash.S, Sasikumar.G, Praveenkumar.V,
that the clinoptilolite possessed a high lime– KarthikeyanV.R Er. Jegan Mohan - “Partial
pozzolanic reactivity that was comparable to replacement of zeolite with cement”, Imperial
silica fume and was higher than fly ash and a Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR).
non-zeolitic natural pozzolanic. The high
reactivity of the clinoptilolite is attributable to Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konˇakova, Tereza
its specific surface area and reactive SiO2 Kulovana, Martin Keppert, Jaromir Z umar,
content. Relatively poor strength contribution of Pavla Rovnanikova, Zbyne k Keršner, Martin
clinoptilolite in spite of high pozzolanic activity Sedlmajer, Robert C erny “Engineering
can be attributable to larger pore size properties of concrete containing natural zeolite
distribution of the hardened zeolite–lime as supplementary cementitious material:
product compared to the lime–fly ash system. Strength, toughness, durability, and
hydrothermal performance” Cement & Concrete
Babak Ahmadi and Mohammad Shekarchi Composites.
(2010) studied the effectiveness of a locally
quarried zeolite in enhancing mechanical and B.D. Ikotun, S. Ekolu “Strength and durability
durability properties of concrete is evaluated effect of modified zeolite additive on concrete
and is also compared with other pozzolanic properties” Construction and Building Materials.
admixtures. The experimental tests included

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IV. MATERIAL USED

Table 1: Physical properties of cement and
Cement their value
The binding materials used in concrete are PHYSICAL PROPERTIES VALUE
Ordinary Portland cement. This cement is of 53 Normal consistency 32%
grades conforming to IS 456-2000 and is having Initial setting 54
desired properties. The properties of cement time(min)
were determined by adopting standard Final setting time(min) 340
procedure. The properties are given in the Specific gravity 3.15
following table. The normal consistency, initial Fineness 7%
and final setting time, specific gravity and
fineness are main basic properties which were
determined.

Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate used is M-sand. Laboratory test was conducted on fine aggregates to determine the
different physical properties as per IS 2386 (part-3)-1963(Reaffirmed 2002). The test results are
tabulated in table 2. The fineness is obtained using the sieve analysis and the result is such that the fine
aggregate is confirming to IS 383 – 1970.the properties of fine aggregate regarding to specific gravity is
2.65and fineness modulus is 5.41 and water absorption is 1.7%.

Coarse aggregate
The coarse aggregate for the work is crushed stone. Angular shape aggregate of size is 20mm and below.
The aggregate which passes through 75mm sieve and retain on 4.75mm are known as coarse aggregate.
The grading of coarse aggregates should be as per specifications of IS 383-1970. The fineness is
calculated from sieve analysis and the result is such that confirming to IS specifications.

Water
Water is an important ingredient of concrete. It gives strength to cement and workability to the concrete.
Potable water is used for casting and curing.

Zeolite
Zeolites are porous crystalline aluminosilicates. The zeolite framework consists of an assemblage of SiO4
and AlO4 tetrahedral, joined together in various regular arrangements through shared oxygen atoms to
form an open crystal lattice containing pores of molecular dimensions into which molecules can
penetrate. Like most silicates the Zeolites are based on TO4 tetrahedral, where T is an aluminum or
silicon atom. The vast 3-dimensional networks are a result of all four corners for the tetrahedral being
shared, producing low density micro porous materials. Zeolite structures can be thought to exist of finite
or infinite (chains, Layers etc.) Component units

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Figure 1: Zeolite powder

Table 2: physical properties of zeolite and their value

Normal consistency 38%

Initial setting time(min) 55
Final setting time(min) 410
Specific gravity 2.98
Fineness 8%

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS.

Table 3. WATERABSORPTION TEST (IN PERCENTAGE)

S.NO. SAMPLE 7 days 28 days

1 M0(0% Zeolite) 1.43 2.40
2 M1(10% Zeolite) 1.24 1.65
3 M2(20% Zeolite) 1.41 2.13
4 M3(30% Zeolite) 2.19 2.89

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Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

WATER ABSORPTION GRAPH

3.5
A
B 3
S 2.5
W
O
A 2
R
T
P 1.5
E 7 days
T
R 1 28 days
I
O 0.5
N 0
M0 M1 M2 M3

SAMPLE

Figure 2: Water absorption value after 7 and 28 days

Table 4. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH RESULT (IN N/MM2)

S.N. SAMPLE 7 DAYS 28 DAYS

1 M0(0% Zeolite) 13.5 20
2 M1(10% Zeolite) 13.33 20.44
3 M2(20% Zeolite) 13.12 16.22
4 M3(30% Zeolite) 7.78 11.12

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH GRAPH

C 25
E
O
20
M
S
P 15
T
R
R 10 7 DAYS
R
E
E 28 DAYS
N 5
S
G
S 0
T
I M0 M1 M2 M3
H
V
SAMPLE

Figure3: Compressive strength value after 7 and 28 days

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Table 5.CO2 ABSORPTION VALUE (IN MOLE)

S.N. SAMPLE 7 DAYS 28 DAYS

1 M0(0% Zeolite) 0 0
2 M1(10% Zeolite) 0.44 0.58
3 M2(20% Zeolite) 0.48 0.73
4 M3(30% Zeolite) 0.74 0.96

CO2 ABSORPTION GRAPH

A 1.2
B
S 1
O
C 0.8
R
O
P
2 0.6
T
7 DAYS
I 0.4
O 28 DAYS
N 0.2

0
M0 M1 M2 M3
SAMPLE

Figure 4:CO2 absorption value after 7 and 28 days

VI. CONCLUSIONS 6) It reduces the cost of construction.

7) Concrete (By using zeolite) has the capacity of
From the results of this experimental study, the absorbing CO2 without any emission of it. The
following conclusions can be drawn: zeolite concrete block of size 15x15x15 cm has
ability to absorb around (0.982) ,1 mole of CO2
1) The behavior of zeolite powder is different in 35 to 40 days without affecting its strength
from cement. It helps for consuming the amount and durability.
of CO2 which is used as fine aggregate in mortar. 8) 10% replacement of cement by zeolite can
2) It is a perfect substitute of fine aggregate in yield a concrete which absorb minimum water.
mortar. 9) It is eco-friendly. It reduces cost of
3) The highest value of compressive strength construction. On the other hand, economical and
was obtained 20.44N/mm2at 10% replacement technical point of view, its reducing construction
of cement with zeolite powder. cost without compromising of strength.
4) The compressive strength of concrete was
increasing as decrease in the replacement
proportions of cement with zeolite powder.
5) It balances the environmental issues and also
acts as a substitute material.
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REFERENCES

1. Uzal, B. et al. “Pozzolanic Activity of

Clinoptilolite: A Comparative Study with Silica
Fume, Fly Ash and a Non-Zeolitic Natural
Pozzolana.” Cement and Concrete Research 40
(2010): 398-404.
2. Ahmadi, Babak& Shekarchi, Mohammad.
(2010). Use of natural Zeolite as a
supplementary cementitious material. Cement
and Concrete Composites. 32. 134-141.
10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.006.
3. Uzal, B. & Turanlı, L... (2012). Blended cements
containing high volume of natural zeolites:
Properties, hydration and paste microstructure.
Cement and Concrete Composites. 34. 101–109.
10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.009.
4. S. Subash.S, G. Sasikumar.G, V.
Praveenkumar.V, V. R. KarthikeyanV.R, Er. K.
Jegan Mohan. “Partial Replacement of Zeolite
with Cement.” Imperial Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 2.5 (2016):
449-453.
5. Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konˇakova, Tereza
Kulovana, Martin Keppert, Jaromir Z umar, Pavla
Rovnanikova, Zbyne k Keršner, Martin
Sedlmajer, Robert C erny “Engineering
properties of concrete containing natural zeolite
as supplementary cementitious material:
Strength, toughness ,durability and
hydrothermal performance cement and concrete
composites Vol.55,(2015) pp 259-267M.
6. Ikotun, Bolande&Ekolu, Stephen. (2010).
Strength and durability effect of modified zeolite
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building materials. 24. 749-757. 10.1016/ j.
conbuildmat.2009.10.033.

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