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Charles Horton Cooley

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CHARLES HORTON COOLEY

Charles Horton Cooley was born August seventeen, 1864, in city, Michigan. C.H Cooley was a
sociologist who wished to better perceive society and human behavior. He believed that the
influence of groups inside a society had a robust impact on human behavior.
Cooley's one of the most important contribution to sociology was the study of primary groups.
Cooley coined the term 'primary group,' which means that this can be the primary group one is
introduced to and is that the most important on our learning of concepts, beliefs and ideals.
When observing society, Cooley noticed that the more society became industrialised, the more
individualistic the members became. He saw that the folks became more distant from one
another, more competitive and were losing the association to ancient family values that of
community. It had been through his study of primary groups that Cooley hoped to achieve
more social unity and cohesiveness.
Cooley is one amongst the founders of the interactionist perspective, that seeks to elucidate
society by observing the everyday sorts of interaction between people. Cooley's theory of self is
one during which we tend to learn who we are through our interactions with others. This can
be referred to as the looking glass self.

Cooley : Looking-Glass Self In the early 1900s, Cooley advanced the belief that we learn
who we are by interacting with others. Our view of ourselves, then, comes not only from direct
contemplation of our personal qualities, but also from our impressions of how others perceive
us. Cooley used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self is the product of our
social interactions with other people.
The process of developing a self-identity or self-concept has three phases. First, we imagine
how we present ourselves in front of others, relatives, friends, even strangers on the street.
Then we imagine how others evaluate us. Finally we develop some sort of feeling about
ourselves, such as respect or shame, as a result of these impressions.
A critical but subtle aspect of Cooley’s looking-glass self is that the self results from an
individual’s “imagination” of how others view him or her. As a result, we can develop self-
identities based on incorrect perceptions of how others see us. A student may react strongly to
a teacher’s criticism and decide that the instructor views the student as stupid. This
misperception can easily be converted into a negative self-identity through the following
process: (1) The teacher criticized me, (2) The teacher must think I am stupid, (3) I am stupid.
Yet self-identities are also subject to change. If the student above received an ‘A’ at the end of
the course, he or she might no longer feel stupid.

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