Cambridge O Level

* 2 6 5 0 5 9 9 0 5 0 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/41
Paper 4 Alternative to Practical May/June 2020

1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (JC/CT) 183902/4
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1 A student investigates a sample of rock salt.

The student:

• grinds the rock salt into a powder

• places the powder into a beaker and adds water to it
• stirs the mixture
• pours the mixture through the apparatus shown.

A
brown solid

colourless solution

(a) (i) Name apparatus A. .......................................................... [1]

(ii) Name apparatus B. .......................................................... [1]

(iii) A brown solid remains in apparatus A. A colourless solution is collected in apparatus B.

Name the process used to separate the solid from the colourless solution.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The colourless solution contains two different cations. One cation is sodium.

The student adds dilute nitric acid and aqueous sodium sulfate to the colourless solution.

A white precipitate is formed.

Name the other cation in the colourless solution.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) A student investigates the effect of adding different masses of rock salt on the temperature of
a mixture of ice and water.

The diagram shows the volume of water the student uses in the investigation.

cm3
25

20

15

10

State the volume of water the student uses. .................................................................cm3 [1]

(d) The student:

• places the water in a beaker

• adds ice
• stirs the mixture
• measures the lowest temperature of the mixture
• repeats the experiment four times.

In each of the repeated experiments a different mass of rock salt is added to the mixture.

(i) State a variable that needs to be kept constant in each experiment.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) The diagram shows part of the thermometer the student uses to measure the lowest
temperature reached when 1.0 g of rock salt is added.

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

[1]

Record this temperature in the table of results.

mass of rock salt added lowest temperature of ice and salt

/g mixture
/ °C
0.0 0.0
0.5 –1.9
1.0
1.5 –5.8
2.0 –7.8

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(iii) Plot the results on the grid.

Include:

• a suitable scale for the x-axis

• a straight line of best fit.

–1

–2

–3

–4
lowest
temperature – 5
of mixture
/ °C
–6

–7

–8

–9

– 10

mass of rock salt added / g [3]

(iv) Use your graph to find the lowest temperature when 1.4 g of rock salt is added.

.................................................................................................................................°C [1]

(v) Deduce the relationship between the mass of rock salt added and the lowest temperature
reached.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]

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2 Limewater is a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.

A student finds the mass of calcium hydroxide in 1.00 dm3 of limewater.

The student:

• measures 25.0 cm3 of limewater into a flask using a 100 cm3 measuring cylinder
• adds a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the flask
• places 0.100 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid in a burette and takes an initial reading
• runs hydrochloric acid from the burette into the flask until the mixture changes colour
• records the final reading
• repeats the experiment two times.

The initial and final readings for all titrations are shown in the diagrams.

titration 1 titration 2 titration 3

0
11
11 23 23
34

1
12
12 24 24
35

2
13
13 25 25

(a) Use the information in the diagrams to complete the results table.

titration number 1 2 3
final reading / cm3
initial reading / cm3
volume used / cm3
[3]

(b) (i) The results are not consistent.

Identify the apparatus the student uses that is not accurate enough for titration.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a more accurate piece of apparatus the student can use.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) The student adds the hydrochloric acid drop by drop near the end-point of the titration.

Suggest why the hydrochloric acid is added drop by drop near the end-point.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The student repeats the whole experiment three more times using the more accurate
apparatus.

The results are shown in the table.

titration number 1 2 3
final reading / cm3 11.8 23.3 33.6
initial reading / cm3 0.0 11.7 22.3
volume used / cm3 11.8 11.6 11.3
best titration results (✓)

(i) Tick (✓) the best titration results in the results table.

Use the ticked values to calculate the average volume of 0.100 mol / dm3 HCl used.

average volume ...................................................cm3 [1]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of HCl in the average volume of 0.100 mol / dm3 HCl.

................................................ moles [1]

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, in 25.0 cm3 of limewater.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl CaCl 2 + 2H2O

................................................ moles [1]

(iv) Calculate the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 in 1.00 dm3 of limewater.

................................................ moles [1]

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(v) Calculate the Mr of Ca(OH)2.

[Ar: Ca, 40; H,1; O,16]

Mr = ......................................................... [1]

(vi) Calculate the mass of Ca(OH)2 in 1.00 dm3 of limewater. Give your answer to two
significant figures.

........................................................ g [1]

[Total: 12]

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3 Bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine are elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Group VII elements react with compounds of Group VII elements in aqueous solution in
displacement reactions. More reactive elements displace less reactive elements from their
compounds. For example:

potassium iodide + fluorine potassium fluoride + iodine

2KI + F2 2KF + I2

You have access to:

• colourless aqueous solutions of potassium bromide, potassium chloride and potassium iodide
• aqueous solutions of bromine (orange), chlorine (yellow) and iodine (brown)
• the apparatus normally found in a school laboratory.

No other chemicals are available.

Plan experiments using these solutions to show that:

• chlorine is more reactive than bromine and iodine
• bromine is more reactive than iodine but less reactive than chlorine.

Your plan must include:

• what you need to do
• the observations you expect
• an explanation of how these observations show the order of reactivity of bromine, chlorine
and iodine.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[Total: 5]

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4 Scientists analyse a sample of soil. They discover that the soil contains nitrate ions, carbonate
ions and iron(III) ions.

(a) Complete the tables to show the observations of their tests.

Name any gases formed and state the tests used to identify them.

(i) Tests on a solid sample of soil.

ion test observations and conclusions

nitrate, NO3– Add aqueous sodium
hydroxide, then add
aluminium foil and
warm gently.

carbonate, CO32– Add dilute

hydrochloric acid.

[6]

(ii) Tests on an aqueous solution made from soil.

ion test observations

iron(III), Fe3+ Add aqueous sodium
hydroxide.

Add excess
aqueous sodium
hydroxide.

[2]

(b) The scientists also want to know the pH of the soil. They test the soil by shaking it with
universal indicator solution then leaving it to stand.

They discover that the pH is 6.

State the colour of the universal indicator at pH 6.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) The scientists believe that some fertiliser containing iodide ions has been added to the soil.

Describe how the scientists could test the solution made from the soil for the presence of
iodide ions and the result of the test if iodide ions are present.

test:

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

result:

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 12]

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5 Leaves of plants contain a number of different coloured pigments.

Four students want to extract and analyse some of these coloured pigments.

The leaves are chopped up and ground using a mortar and pestle and then mixed with ethanol.

leaves
pestle

mortar

The pigments are separated using paper chromatography.

(a) (i) Suggest a reason for cutting and grinding the leaves.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Four students do the paper chromatography separation.

The diagrams show four sets of apparatus used by the students. Three of the students
make mistakes in setting up the apparatus.

lid

chromatography paper chromatography paper

spots of pigment
depth of ethanol
baseline drawn in ink
baseline drawn in ink
depth of ethanol
spots of pigment
A B

lid

chromatography paper chromatography paper

spots of pigment
depth of ethanol
baseline drawn in pencil
baseline drawn in pencil
depth of ethanol
spots of pigment
C D

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Which diagram, A, B, C, or D, shows the correct set-up of the apparatus?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe two mistakes made by the students shown in the diagrams.

Explain why each mistake will prevent the chromatography from working correctly.

mistake 1:

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

explanation:

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

mistake 2:

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

explanation:

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

(iv) Chromatography often uses water in the beaker.

Suggest why ethanol is used instead of water in this experiment.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) What property of ethanol makes it hazardous to use in the laboratory?

What safety precaution needs to be taken to avoid this hazard?

property: .............................................................................................................................

precaution: .........................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) The diagram shows the results for three known pigments, W, X and Y, and pigments from
three plants.

solvent
front

baseline

W X Y cabbage grass spinach

(i) How many pigments are there in grass? Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Which pigment is in all of the plants?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the Rf value for pigment W.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Which of the plants contain pigment W?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]

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6 A student investigates the reactivity series by putting pieces of metals into aqueous solutions.

The table shows the experiments.

metal solution observation

copper magnesium sulfate

copper iron(II) sulfate no change

magnesium copper(II) sulfate red / brown solid formed
magnesium zinc sulfate silver / grey solid formed

magnesium iron(II) sulfate

iron red / brown solid formed

zinc iron(II) sulfate grey / black solid formed

zinc magnesium sulfate no change

(a) Complete the table. [3]

(b) Use the information in the table to arrange the four metals in order of reactivity starting with
the most reactive first.

most reactive metal ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

least reactive metal ..........................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 5]

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