Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 6 :

Organ System
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Organ System
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Jessa S. Alarcon
Co-Author – Language Editor : Jeshamenme A. Baluyot
Co-Author – Content Evaluator : Felina L. Sarmiento
Co-Author – Illustrator : Maia Mari S. Yasar
Co-Author – Layout Artist : Jessa S. Alarcon

Team Leaders:
School Head : Amelinda A. Fandialan
LRMDS Coordinator : Donna T. Santos-Villanueva

SDO-BATAAN MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Senior HS : Danilo S. Caysido
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS : Joan T. Briz
Division Librarian II, LRMDS : Rosita P. Serrano

REGIONAL OFFICE 3 MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Regional Director : May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS : Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, ADM : Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education –
Schools Division of Bataan
Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Organ System
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Organ System.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Organ System.

This ADM focuses on the overview of different Organ System. A body system is a
collection of parts able to work together to serve a common purpose – growth,
reproduction and survival. Each part of a system depends on the other parts to
perform tasks that can’t be achieved by single parts acting alone. You will so much
about the organ system through the help of this module.

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the

2
 answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

3
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, student is expected to learn the following competencies:

1. Describe the general and unique characteristics of the different organ systems in
representative animals (S11/12LTIIIaj-21).
2. Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the different organ systems
in ensuring animal survival (S11/12LT-IIIaj-22).

What I Know

The most complex organisms have organ systems. Each system contains a
group of organs that perform in collected way to carry out complex, interrelated
functions, with each organ focusing on a subdivision of the task. Let’s see what you
already know by arranging the following letters to form words about the different
organ system.

1. V E E R T I R P C U O D

2. E R R Y S O T I P A R

3. R U R Y I N A

4. U S N E O V R

5. V E D I T I G E S

5
 Lesson

17 Organ System

In the previous lesson, you have learned the process of genetically modified
organism (GMO) and its benefits and risks. Let’s have a quick review about the said
lesson.

What’s In

Gene structure is the organization of specialized sequence elements within a

gene. Genes contain the information necessary for living cells to survive and
reproduce. In most organisms, genes are made of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA),
where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene. To check
your understanding regarding the GMO process, answer the activity given below.

Directions: Arrange the GMO processes in the correct order by putting numbers
1 to 4.
____ Gene inserted into plasmid
____ Basic research and various applications
____ Host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells
containing the “cloned” gene of interest
____ Plasmid put into bacterial cell

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares students to create and visualize body
shapes according to how they are made or presented in a picture.

6
 What’s New

The human body is made up of trillion of cells that can’t be seen by our naked
eyes. Special cells come together to make an organ. An organ is a structure composed
of two or more tissue type that performs a specific function. For instance, an organ
system is a group of organs that works together to accomplish a common purpose.
The human body consists of eleven organ systems, each of which contains
several specific organs. An organ is a unique anatomic structure consisting of groups
of tissues that work in concert to perform specific functions. Table 1 includes the
structures and functions of these eleven organ systems.
Table 1.
Organ System Functions Organs
• Barrier to invading
• Skin
organisms
• Hair
and chemicals.
Integumentary • Subcutaneous tissue
• Temperature control

• Supports and moves

body. • Bones
• Protects • Cartilage
internal organs. • Ligaments
Skeletal
• Mineral storage • Bone marrow
• Blood formation

• Locomotion • Muscles
• Heat production • Tendons
Muscular
• Brain
• Coordinates activities of • Spinal cord
other organ systems • Nerves
Nervous • Responds to sensations • Eyes
• Ears

• Pituitary gland
• Parathyroid gland
• Regulates body • Thyroid gland
functions • Adrenal gland
Endocrine • Thymus
by chemicals (hormones) • Pancreas
• Gonads

7
 • Transports oxygen and
• Heart
nutrients to tissues
• Blood
• Removes waste
Cardiovascular • Blood vessels
products

• Returns tissue fluid to • Spleen

blood. • Lymph nodes
• Defends against foreign • Thymus
Lymphatic
organisms • Lymphatic vessels

• Lungs
• Trachea
• Oxygen/carbon dioxide • Larynx
Respiratory • Nasal cavities
exchange • Pharynx

• Stomach
• Intestinal tract
• Processes foods • Liver
• Absorption of nutrients • Pancreas
Digestive into body • Esophagus
• Salivary glands
• Gall Bladder

• Kidneys
• Elimination of wastes
• Urinary bladder
Urinary Regulates pH and
• Urethra
volume of blood
• Ovaries
• Produces germ • Uterus
cells (eggs and sperm) • Mammary glands
• Testes
Reproductive • Environment for growth • Prostate gland
of fetus (female)
• External genitalia

8
 What is It

Each part of a system depends on its different organs to perform tasks that
cannot be achieved by single parts acting alone.

Each individual system works in conjunction with other systems to improve

our chances of survival by maintaining a stable internal body environment. This
stable environment is known as homeostasis.

An example of the way these systems that are interrelated is the blood. It is
part of the cardiovascular system and it carries products of digestion (digestive
system) to body cells, excretory wastes (excretory system) to the kidneys and
hormones (endocrine system) to target organs such as those forming part of the
reproductive system. Another example is the respiratory system and the circulatory
system that work closely together to deliver oxygen to cells and to get rid of the carbon
dioxide the cells produce. Only when both systems are working together can oxygen
and carbon dioxide be successfully exchanged between cells and environment.

The organs of an organ system must work together for the system to function.
To further understand their function, let us start the discussion of the 11 Organ
system.

Let us start with Integumentary System.

Picture 1.
Picture 1 shows the
Integumentary system that consists the
skin and the structures or growths that
cover it as hair of human, as well as the
subcutaneous tissue. The most obvious
function of the integumentary system is
to protect us from the hazards of the
environment, but it is also vital for
temperature regulation, sensing pain
and pressure, and even producing
important biochemicals like Vitamin D.

9
The Skeletal System

Picture 2.

Picture 2 shows the

skeletal system. It is the is your
body’s central framework
composed of bones, cartilages,
ligaments, and other tissues that
perform essential functions for
the human body.

The skeletal system works

as a support structure for your
body. It gives the body its shape,
allows movement, makes blood
cells, provides protection for
organs and stores minerals.

The skeletal system has many functions. Besides giving us our human
shape and features, it:

• Allows movement: Your skeleton supports your body weight to help you
stand and move. Joints, connective tissue and muscles work together to make
your body parts mobile.

• Produces blood cells: Bones contain bone marrow. Red and white blood cells
are produced in the bone marrow.

10
 • Protects and supports organs: Your skull shields your brain, your ribs
protect your heart and lungs, and your backbone protects your spine.

• Stores minerals: Bones hold your body’s supply of minerals like calcium and
vitamin D.

The Muscular System

Picture 3.

Picture 3 shows
the muscular system that is
composed of muscles and
tendons.

Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones

or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all
movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. Skeletal muscles also
produce more subtle movements that result in
various facial expressions, eye movements, and respiration. Muscle contraction also
fulfills some other important functions in the body, such as posture, joint stability,
and heat production. Heat production, to maintain body temperature, is an

11
important by-product of muscle metabolism. Nearly 85 percent of the heat produced
in the body is the result of muscle contraction.

The Nervous System

Picture 4.

Picture 3 shows the Nervous system that consist of Central Nervous System
and Peripheral Nervous System. This system is the major controlling, regulatory, and
communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including
thought, learning, and memory. Together with the endocrine system, the nervous
system is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Through its
receptors, the nervous system keeps us in touch with our environment, both external
and internal.

Like other systems in the body, the nervous system is composed of organs,
principally the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. These, in turn, consist of
various tissues, including nerve, blood, and connective tissue. Together these carry
out the complex activities of the nervous system. of the nervous system can be
grouped together as three general, overlapping functions:

12
 1. Sensory
2. Integrative
3. Motor
4.
The Endocrine System

Picture 5.

Picture 5 shows the

Endocrine System. The
endocrine system is made up
of glands (such as the thyroid
and thymus) and the
hormones these glands
secrete, which influence or
control various body
functions (including
metabolism, growth, and
reproduction).

The endocrine system coordinates the metabolic activity of body cells by

interacting with the nervous system. Endocrine glands produce hormones (chemical
messengers) released into the blood and transported to target sites around the body.

The Cardiovascular System

Picture 6 shows the Cardiovascular system. The heart and blood vessels make
up this system. The heart is a pump forcing blood into a network of blood vessels
allowing it to travel to organs and delivery sites requiring oxygen gas for respiration
nutrients and the removal of waste substances.

13
Picture 6.

The Lymphatic System

Picture 7 shows the lymphatic system. Closely associated with the

circulatory system, the lymphatic system consists of a body-wide network of
lymph nodes, which secrete and circulate a clear fluid called lymph (which is
virtually identical to blood, except that it lacks red blood cells and contains a
slight excess of white blood cells).

The lymphatic system is only found in higher vertebrates, and it has

two main functions: to keep the circulatory system supplied with the plasma
component of blood and to maintain the immune system. In lower vertebrates
and invertebrates, blood and lymph are usually combined and not handled by
two separate systems.

14
Picture 7.

The Respiratory System

Our bodies are made up of countless cells all requiring oxygen to carry out the
important process of respiration. In this process cells use oxygen gas and produce
carbon dioxide gas – a waste product that must be removed from the body. The
process of breathing allows these gases to be exchanged between the blood and
lungs.

Gases are transported via the bloodstream and are exchanged via diffusion.
Gas exchange occurs via the movement of air from the external environment and is
exchanged via a dead end of clusters of thin epithelia of the walls of air sacs called
alveoli.

15
Picture 8.

Picture 8
shows the respiratory
system that is made
of lungs, trachea,
larynx, nasal cavities
and pharynx.

The Digestive System.

Picture 9. Picture 9 shows the

digestive system in
humans, an idealized
schematic diagram of the
human digestive system.

The human
digestive system can serve
as a model for other
organisms with a complete
digestive system.
Variations are result of
adaptation to food, such as
the four-chambered
stomach of the cow, the
long cecum (appendix) of
herbivores, rough tongue,
and sharp dentition of
carnivores, etc.
16
 The products of digestion are important for the energy that an animal utilized
for its day-to-day activity. This is aided by the circulatory system, for transport of the
products of digestion throughout the body of the animal, while the respiratory system
is responsible for the conversion of the product of digestion into usable energy.

The Urinary System

Picture 10.

In order to remove wastes,

animals have the excretory
system, which enables it to
remove excess salt or water in the
body. If there is excess water,
waste material is diluted but if
there is low water, waste might be
concentrated or none. Organisms
have different wastes in the form
of nitrogenous wastes which they
need to excrete.

Waste removal follows the following processes:

1.) filtration of blood;

2.) reabsorption needed materials, like, minerals, back to the body;

3.) secretion of products (like urine); and

4.) excretion or removal of waste products (urine) from the body.

17
 The Reproductive System

Arguably the most important organ system from the perspective of

evolution, the reproductive system enables animals to create offspring.

Picture 11.

Picture 11 show the reproductive system. The major function of the

reproductive system is to ensure survival of the species. Other systems in the body,
such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain
homeostasis for survival of the individual. An individual may live a long, healthy, and
happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue, at least some
individuals must produce offspring.

Within the context of producing offspring, the reproductive system has four
functions:

• To produce egg and sperm cells

• To transport and sustain these cells

• To nurture the developing offspring

• To produce hormones

18
 What’s More
Now, we are all familiar with many of the organ systems that comprise
the body of animals, to check your understanding about their functions, answer
this activity.

Directions: Identify each body system based on their functions.

Endocrine Lymphatic Muscular Digestive Skeletal Integumentary
System System System System System System

1. It influence or control various body functions by chemicals in the form of

hormones.

2. It consists of a body-wide network of lymph nodes, which secrete and

circulate a clear fluid called lymph.

3. It breaks down food to be absorbed by the body.

4. It is vital for temperature regulation, sensing pain and pressure, and

producing important biochemicals.
5. It provides movement for the skeleton.

What I Have Learned

Organ system is made up of group of organs.

Match the given organ to its organ system. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.

1.

19
2.

3.

a. Urinary system

b. Respiratory system

c. Reproductive system

4.
d. Nervous system

e. Skeletal System

f. Cardiovascular system

5.

20
 Assessment

Let’s see how well you have enjoyed the different Organ System of an advanced
organism by answering the following questions.

I. Choose and write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which organ system is made up of all the glands that produce hormones?
A. nervous system
B. muscular system
C. endocrine system
D. integumentary system
2. What is the function of the respiratory system?
A. To digest food and absorb its nutrients into the body
B. To form a supporting structure for the body’s other organs
C. To circulate blood throughout the body and transport oxygen and
nutrients to cells
D. To take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide when an organism
breathes
3. What is a primary function of the endocrine system?
A. To regulate body processes through hormone production
B. To carry oxygen throughout blood vessels
C. `To provide protection of internal organs
D. To acquire oxygen from the atmosphere
4. How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?
A. They send chemical signals throughout the body via hormones.
B. They break down food into energy and eliminate waste.
C. They are responsible for the movement of the body.
D. They supply the body's cells with oxygen.
5. The gallbladder, liver, and pancreas are a part of which organ system?
A. digestive system
B. muscular system
C. endocrine system

21
 D. integumentary system
II. Indicate which organ system is primarily used in the following situation. Write the
beginning letter of correct organ system on the blank
M muscular C circulatory N nervous

R respiratory U urinary D digestive

_________ 6. Prepare for a 5km run and eat lots of carbohydrates like rice to
give you more energy.
_________ 7. You lift your feet and move your legs as fast as you can.
_________ 8. But you must go to the bathroom because you drank too much water
before the run.
_________ 9. Your breathing is getting faster and faster.
_________ 10. The heart is pumping fast as you sprint for the final 1km.
Congratulations! You have won the race!

Additional Activities
Each individual system works in union with other systems to better our
chances of survival by keeping a stable internal body environment. Write at least 1
functional relationships of the different organ systems in ensuring animal survival.

Example:

The skeletal system relies on urinary system to remove waste produced by

bone cells; in return, the bones of skeleton create structure that protects bladder
and other urinary system organs.

22
 23
What I have Learned:
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. E
5. B
What’s More:
1. Endocrine System
2. Lymphatic System
3. Digestive System
4. Integumentary System
5. Muscular System
What’s In:
1
4
3
2
What I know:
1. Reproductive
2. Respiratory
3. Urinary
4. Nervous
5. Digestive
Answer Key
 C 10.
R 9.
U 8.
M 7.
D 6.
A 5.
D 4.
A 3.
D 2.
C 1.

Assessment:

References

Dela Cruz, A. C. et al. (2016) Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide.
C Commission on Higher Education.

Khan Academy. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-
body-systems/hs-body-structure-and-homeostasis/a/tissues-organs-organ-
systems#:~:text=Just%20as%20the%20organs%20in,carbon%20dioxide%20
the%20cells%20produce.

MedlinePlus. (n.d.). MedlinePlus. Retrieved August 11, 2020, from

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002432.html

ToxTutor. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from

https://toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov/08-003.html

24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

25