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    Clarence Stein - B.arch Sem8

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    Krupa Nidhi
    Clarence Stein was an American urban planner and architect in the early 20th century who was a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United States. He expanded on Ebenezer Howard's ideas of Garden Cities by designing communities like Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York that integrated urban construction with natural green spaces to create a modern yet comfortable living environment. Some of Stein's key principles included using superblocks with few through streets to consolidate open spaces, separating pedestrian and automobile traffic for safety, and orienting houses around central garden parks rather than streets.

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    Clarence Stein - B.arch Sem8

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    Krupa Nidhi
    71 views7 pages
    Clarence Stein was an American urban planner and architect in the early 20th century who was a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United States. He expanded on Ebenezer Howard's ideas of Garden Cities by designing communities like Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York that integrated urban construction with natural green spaces to create a modern yet comfortable living environment. Some of Stein's key principles included using superblocks with few through streets to consolidate open spaces, separating pedestrian and automobile traffic for safety, and orienting houses around central garden parks rather than streets.

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    Clarence Stein was an American urban planner and architect in the early 20th century who was a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United States. He expanded on Ebenezer Howard's ideas of Garden Cities by designing communities like Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York that integrated urban construction with natural green spaces to create a modern yet comfortable living environment. Some of Stein's key principles included using superblocks with few through streets to consolidate open spaces, separating pedestrian and automobile traffic for safety, and orienting houses around central garden parks rather than streets.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    71 views7 pages

    Clarence Stein - B.arch Sem8

    Uploaded by

    Krupa Nidhi
    Clarence Stein was an American urban planner and architect in the early 20th century who was a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United States. He expanded on Ebenezer Howard's ideas of Garden Cities by designing communities like Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York that integrated urban construction with natural green spaces to create a modern yet comfortable living environment. Some of Stein's key principles included using superblocks with few through streets to consolidate open spaces, separating pedestrian and automobile traffic for safety, and orienting houses around central garden parks rather than streets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Clarence Stein-

    American
    Garden City

    KRUPA KRISHNA
    NIKITHA M D
    POOJA M KOUJALGI
    POOJA S
    Clarence Stein
    ● An American urban planner, architect, and writer, a major proponent of the Garden City movement in the United
    States.
    ● His works expanded in the idea of a Garden City.
    ● He moulded Urban Construction into Nature to make a modern yet comfortable environment.

    A diagram showing the street network


    structure of Radburn and its nested hierarchy.
    Separate pedestrian paths run through the
    green spaces between the culs-de-sac and
    through the central green spine (Note: the
    shaded area was not built)
    Garden City Movement
    Sir Ebenezer Howard - 1898 U.K.
    ● To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform - 1898
    ● Garden Cities of To-morrow - Reissued in 1902
    ● Inspired by the utopian novel Looking Backward and Henry
    George's work Progress and Poverty.
    ● Practical inventor rather than a dreamy utopian.
    ● Two English towns were built as garden cities, Letchworth and
    Welwyn. Though they did not completely measure up to the ideal,
    they provided a model for controlling urban sprawl.

    ● Howard was seeking ‘the master key’ to nothing less than a ‘better and brighter
    civilisation’ than that promised by the industrial revolution in late Victorian Britain.
    ● Urban overcrowding and congestion, rural depopulation, community power, civic
    democracy through self-government, equitable tenure, and good public health
    were major concerns. Welwyn Garden City
    ● Land reform, in particular the strategic importance of enabling the community to
    capture the benefits of increased land values from development, was central.
    ● The book offered a vision of towns free of slums and
    enjoying the benefits of both town (such as
    opportunity, amusement and high wages) and
    country (such as beauty, fresh air and low rents).
    ● Howard illustrated the idea with his "Three Magnets"
    diagram. His ideas were conceived for the context of
    a capitalist economic system, and sought to balance
    individual and community needs.
    ● The values expressed in the third magnet capture
    the various social concerns he wished to address:
    housing affordability, a sense of community, full
    employment, a high amenity living environment,
    access to nature – all goals that are just as pertinent
    today and underscore the continuing relevance of
    studying Howard.

    He was neither a high theorist nor an unrealistic


    crank.
    THE CONCEPT…

    ● Core garden city principles Strong community


    ● Ordered development
    ● Environmental quality

    These were to be achieved by:

    ● Unified ownership of land to prevent individual


    land
    ● speculation and maximise community benefit
    ● Careful planning to provide generous living and
    ● working space while maintaining natural
    qualities
    ● Social mix and good community facilities
    ● Limits to growth of each garden city
    ● Local participation in decisions about
    development

    The original Garden City concept by


    Ebenezer Howard, 1902
    ● The form of Howard’s new civilisation
    was a planetary system of new urban
    worlds reproducing themselves by
    popular demand throughout Britain and
    across the seas.
    ● These endlessly replicating compact
    ‘home towns’ would not only be places
    with gardens, public and private, but
    would also be set in a garden, that is
    against a backdrop of green,
    productive agricultural land, natural
    features, and low density rural
    institutions.
    ● He called this the social city – it was a
    spatial form that expressed his
    philosophy of social individualism –
    enhancing individual rights but
    associating then into collective
    responsibilities to promote the
    possibilities of social and cultural
    interactions.
    City principles developed by Stein and Wright, were:
    CLARENCE S. STEIN PRINCIPALS BY
    STEIN SUNNYSIDE, QUEENS • Superblock – large parcel with few or no through streets, which consolidated
    open green spaces for use by the residents;

    • Specialized roads – all auto circulation on the perimeter – garage courts for
    storing of cars;

    • Complete separation of pedestrian and automobile – tame the automobile –


    safer for children;

    • Houses turned toward gardens and parks – this arrangement turned the
    structures outside in, placing the living room windows towards the green spaces;

    • The park as the backbone – large green spaces dominate, rather than streets

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