Cna Research Final Draft

University of the Philippines Los Baños
College of Human Ecology

Department of Social Development Services
In partnership with
Department of Science and Technology Region IV-A
and the Municipality of Real, Quezon
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon1
BARIL, SAMANTHA GABRIELLE R.

DE PERALTA, DANIELLA K.
BS Human Ecology
Major in Social Technology
MAY 2018
1
A practicum manuscript submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Human Ecology Major in Social Technology, 2 nd
Semester A.Y. 2017-2018.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Biographical Sketch and Acknowledgement i
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
List of Appendices xii
Abstract 1
I. Introduction 2
II. Conceptual Framework 6
III. Methodology 7
A. Locale of the Study 7
B. Research Design 8
Respondents of the Study 9
Research Instrument 10
Data Collection 10
Data Processing and Analysis 11
IV. Results and Discussion 12
A. Socio-demographic Characteristics 12
B. Socio-economic Characteristics 17
C. Current Status 26
Health and Nutrition 26
Water and Sanitation 29
Basic Education and Literacy 33
Livelihood and Economic Enterprise Development 36
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 44
D. Needs, Problems, and Recommendations 58
Health and Nutrition 58
Water and Sanitation 61
Basic Education and Literacy 65
Livelihood and Economic Enterprise Development 69
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 72
V. Summary and Conclusions 76
VI. Recommendations 84
References 89
Appendices 91
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta i

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Samantha Gabrielle R. Baril, or as her family and

friends call her, Sam, was born on September 2, 1997 in
Melbourne, Australia. She is a proud daughter of Joey and
Maribeth Baril. Sam moved back to the Philippines with
her parents before she turned one year old and stayed in
Los Baños, Laguna before transferring to Novaliches,
Quezon City to live with her mom and grandparents.
When she graduated elementary in Little Merry Hearts
Montessori Center, she and her mom transferred back to
Los Baños so they could live together with her father. She
finished high school at Christian School International
which is also where she gained most of her friends in LB.
Growing up, she was exposed to different activities done by her parents. She was
highly influenced by her parents who also involved themselves in volunteering and social
development work. In effect, Sam took up BS Human Ecology in the University of the
Philippines Los Baños with the goal of being a development worker in the future. In her
college journey, she joined two organizations namely, Samahan ng mga Mag-aaral ng
Teknolohiyang Panlipunan and AIESEC in UPLB. Both organizations was a big part of
her college life because it was where she found her closest friends. Sam was also able to
go on a cross cultural exchange in Indonesia and be part of the organizing committee of
SHECON 2017, an international conference for the Society for Human Ecology. Her goal
in life is to be a good daughter and to be able to enjoy life while making positive impact
in the world.
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I have to start this by saying thank you to God. Nothing would ever be possible
without You and I will always be thankful for having You as my anchor in my life
journey. Your grace has given me comfort in times of giving up and encouraged me in
ways I couldn’t have imagined. Please continue to mold me to be the woman you want
me to be.
To my parents, thank you for the never ending love and support that you have
given me. I will never get tired of saying thank you to the Lord for blessing me with you
two. Thank you for guiding me and letting me develop. I love you both with all my heart.
I will always be your baby.
To my closest friends in college (I will not name you one by one, you guys know
who you are), thank you for making college worthwhile. I wouldn’t have enjoyed college
without you guys. I will always cherish each memory I have with all of you. You guys
don’t know how much energy you brought back into me whenever I’d feel drained with
acads.
To my organizations, both of you have different charms but you have enchanted
me enough to make me stay. STP-UPLB, you are the family I will always love. To my
ninang Cham, thank you for making me the forever bunso. AIESEC, the one year I
spent in this organization was one such a different experience. I wish I could have spent
more time as a resident member but I will always be thankful for all the learning
opportunities I was given.
To DSDS, our department was never just an academic place for me. It really felt
like my second home. All the overtimes and all nighters spent at the department will be a
pleasing remembrance as a student. I will always be thankful to all the faculty in the
department. Thank you for not only treating us as students, but as your children. You
don’t know how much your advices and encouragement gave us strength.
Lastly, to batch Lepidolite, we made it. I am grateful that I had the chance to
have you guys as my batchmates. I hope all of us become successful, in any field that we
may choose to go to. Let us never forget our principles as ST majors. Keep shining,
batchmates!
SAMANTHA GABRIELLE BARIL

2014-08776
BS Human Ecology
Class of 2018
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta iii

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Daniella K. De Peralta or known as Ella, is the
youngest child of Rose Nanette and Julius De Peralta. She
was born on the 2nd of August 1997 in Santa Cruz, Laguna.
She finished her primary and elementary at Capitol View
Christian School. She found passion in football during her
elementary and continued playing it until high school. She
was then included in the Special Science Curriculum (SSC)
section in Pedro Guevara Memorial National High School.
Growing up, her parents had always expressed their
dream of her becoming a lawyer just like her father but she was leaning more on
communication and environmental aspect. On her last year in high school, she became a
member of the broadcasting team and Youth for Environment in Schools Organization
(YES-O). She then took BS Human Ecology in the University of the Philippines Los
Baños. After her first year in college, she joined a socio-civic organization, Samahan ng
mga Mag-aaral ng Teknolohiyang Panlipunan – UPLB (STP-UPLB). She experienced

various activities which led her to choosing Social Technology as her major. It was at that
point that she realized she likes development works. Her four years in college helped her
grow and be who she is today. She became the secretary of STP-UPLB in 2017 and was
one of the organizers of the 22nd Society for Human Ecology Conference (2017) held in
UPLB. She excelled in her academics and made her family proud. Despite her
uncertainty in high school, she is hoping to start law school after she graduates and be
part of an organization that is involved with helping the environment. She prays that
everything that she does is worth it.
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To my parents, Rose Nanette and Julius De Peralta, thank you for always being
there for me and loving me. Despite your strong disagreement of joining an organization,
you still supported me. I had a hard time growing up because of your strictness but still,
thank you for raising us differently. I learned how to be independent. I may not be as
vocal and as sweet as the other kids are but know that I love you both and I am always
thankful for having you as my parents.
To my closest friends, Cla, Ting, Hannah, thank you for keeping me sane and
tolerating my kabaliwan. Thank you for listening to my kwentos and rants. I will always
be grateful that I have you as my roommates. I will miss our all-nighters, meriendas,
lunch dates, and dinner dates. Let’s still hang out after we graduate. I love you girls!
To STP-UPLB, I will never regret joining the organization. You helped me hone
and develop my skills. You made me discover what I thought I do not have. Always
remember to let your core be your anchor. To my Ninang Dara and my Nanak Kate,
thank you for always being there for me and for tolerating me. I will always be here for
you two.
To my super classmates Alex, Jam, Christian, my friends Enah, Kirjee, Yanee,

Rowy, Batch Pro Populi Gestum, Casa sisters, Milo buddies, PI10 friends, and my
childhood best friend, Marian, thank you for being part of my college life. I will forever
treasure the memories I had with all of you.
To my DSDS family, my adviser Ma’am Carla Jimena and our supervisor, Dr.
Emilia Visco, thank you for teaching us what you know and for all the efforts you did for
us. Thank you for understanding and guiding us. Thank you for the words of
encouragement and for pushing our limits. I will always keep in mind the learnings and
advices that you gave. I will never regret choosing Social Technology as my major.
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta v

To DOST IV-A and LGU Real, thank you for believing in us and for allowing us
to be part of this program. I have learned a lot from this practicum. Thank you to the
MPDC of Real, especially Ma’am Thesa, because you made us feel like we’re a local.
To batch Lepidolite, I never expected us to be this close. I am lucky to have you

all as my batchmates. Thank you for the damayan and the laughs. May we all succeed in
our future endeavors.
To the people I have not mentioned but have been part of my success, I would
like to express my deepest gratitude to you.
Most importantly, to God, because I will never accomplish anything if I were to

do everything alone. My life would be a complete mess without You. Thank You for
giving me and letting me experience this life. Thank You for never leaving me alone.
You are my foundation and my strength. I pray that You will continue to guide me and
bless me. John 13:7.
DANIELLA K. DE PERALTA
2014-71907
BS Human Ecology
Class of 2018
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

ASAPP Accelerated and Sustainable Anti-Poverty Program
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BHC Barangay Health Center
BHW Barangay Health Worker
BNS Barangay Nutrition Scholar
BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
BRGY. Barangay
CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CEST Community Empowerment through Science and Technology
CIDSS Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services
CNA Community Needs Assessment
CLTS Community Lead Toilet Sanitation
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CSO Civil Society Organizations
DA Department of Agriculture
DepEd Department of Education
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOST IV-A Department of Science and Technology Region IV-A
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
e-CEST Enhanced Community Empowerment through Science and
Technology
e-CLUP Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GIDA Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas
GOE Government Ordinance Enforcers
ICS Incident Command System
IEC Information, Education, and Communication
IP Indigenous People
KALAHI Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan
KII Key Informant Interview
LBM Loose Bowel Movement
LDRRMO Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
LGU Local Government Unit
MAO Municipal Agriculture Officer
MDRRMO Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
MDRRMP Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta vii
MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer
MEEPUO Municipal Economic Enterprise and Public Utility Office
MHO Municipal Health Officer
MNAP Municipal Nutrition Action Plan
MSPDP Municipal Socioeconomic Profile and Development Plan
MSWDO Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
NEDA National Economic Development Authority
NGA National Government Agency
NGO Non-government Organization
PAMB Protected Area Management Board
PD Presidential Decree
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
SLP Sustainable Livelihood Program
SWM Solid Waste Management
UTI Urinary Tract Infection
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta viii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework of the Community Needs Assessment study 6
to be conducted in Real, Quezon.
2 Location of Real, Quezon. 7
3 Map of the municipality of Real, Quezon showing the 17 barangays. 8
4 Total monthly income of the households. 17
5 Materials used for cooking by the households. 22
6 Lighting used in the house of the respondents. 22
7 Frequency of loaning of the households. 23
8 Organizations and institutions where households loan money. 24
9 Uses of the money that the households loaned. 24
10 Organizations and institutions where households save their money. 25
11 Uses of the money that the households saved. 25
12 Common or usual sickness among the households in the municipality. 29
13 Remedies used by the households in curing sicknesses and diseases. 29
14 Alternative toilet facilities being used by the households who do not 30
have their own facilities.
15 Waste disposal of the respondents’ households. 31
16 Sources of drinking water of the households. 33
17 Sources of drinking water of the households. 33
18 Livelihood present in the community. 36
19 Types of businesses present in the community. 37
20 Kinds of livelihood projects done in the community. 38
21 Organizations or institutions that fund the livelihood projects in the 38
community.
22 Status of employment of the employed households. 39
23 Place of work of the employed households. 39
24 Distance of home to the workplace of the employed households 40
25 Kinds of business in the community. 41
26 Products that the municipality of Real, Quezon is proud of. 44
27 Hazards that are faced by the respondents’ households. 45
28 Frequency and intensity of disasters for the past 10 years. 46
29 Organizations or institutions that provide assistance to the community 57
during and after disasters.
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta ix

LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Number of households, poor households, and interviewed households 10
of the chosen barangays.
2 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. 14
3 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents’ family 15
member(s).
4 Place of origin of the respondents who migrated. 16
5 Monthly household expenses of the respondents. 19
6 Respondents’ ownership to personal properties. 21
7 Basic health facilities available in Real. 26
8 Malnourished children aged 0-5 years old. 27
9 Basic educational facilities present in the municipality. 34
10 Illiteracy rate by sex, by Barangay. 35
11 Identified possible solutions to have a sufficient income. 40
12 Problems encountered and solutions done by business owners 42
13 Resources present in the community that are helpful to the business 42
owners.
14 Institutions or organizations that give livelihood assistance in the 43
community.
15 Possible livelihood identified for the municipality. 44
16 Disasters brought by different hazards that were experienced by the 46
barangays for the past 10 years.
17 The effects of disasters on female, male, children, and elders. 50
18 Actions of female, male, children, and elders before a disaster. 51
19 Actions of female, male, children, and elders during a disaster. 53
20 Actions of female, male, children, and elders after a disaster. 55
21 Existing and needed resources in the community that contributes in 58
improving their disaster preparedness.
22 Problems on health and nutrition that the municipality of Real is 59
facing.
23 Services and institutions helping in the health and nutrition sector. 59
24 Top three problems identified in the area of health and nutrition 60
based on the consolidated data.
25 Problems on water and sanitation in Real. 61
26 Top three problems identified in the area of water and sanitation 62
27 Households without access to safe water, by barangay. 64
28 Problems on education and basic literacy of Real is facing. 66
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta x
29 Top three problems identified in the area of Basic Education and 67
Literacy based on the consolidated data.
30 Services and institutions helping in the basic education and literacy. 68
31 Problems on livelihood and economic enterprise development that 69
the municipality of Real is facing.
32 Services and institutions helping in the livelihood and economic 70
enterprise development sector.
33 Top four problems identified in the area of livelihood and economic 71
enterprise development based on the consolidated data.
34 Problems on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation 72
that the municipality of Real is facing.
35 Services and institutions helping in the disaster risk reduction and 73
climate change adaptation sector.
36 Top three problems identified in the area of disaster risk reduction 74
and climate change adaptation based on the consolidated data.
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta xi

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
1 Survey questionnaire
2 Focus group discussion and key informant interview matrix
3 Focus group discussion grid analysis
4 Focus group discussion attendance sheets
5 List of key informants
6 List of secondary data
7 Courtesy call documentation
8 Household survey documentation
9 Focus group discussion documentation
10 Key informant interview documentation
11 CNA progress report and validation documentation
12 Focus group discussion matrix containing all problems identified for each
sector
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta xii

ABSTRACT
The study aimed to assess the needs and problems of the municipality of
Real, Quezon given the five areas of focus (health and nutrition, water and
sanitation, basic education and literacy, disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation, and livelihood and economic enterprise development)
of the e-CEST program. Household surveys, focus group discussions, key
informant interviews, and secondary data collection were conducted to
gather data. Results showed the top three problems for the health and
nutrition are mothers giving birth at home instead of giving birth at the
lying in clinic resulting to failure to administer vaccination to new born
children, malnourished children do not go to feeding programs, and lack
of manpower in the departments and offices. For water and sanitation, the
top three problems are contaminated water, lack of toilet facilities of some
households, and indiscriminate disposal of wastes. For basic education and
literacy, the top three problems are lack of communication facilities, lack
of teachers and equipment, and lax to responsibilities of parents. For
disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, the top three
problems are the geographic characteristic of Real, land locked area of
real, and that the Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office has
no barangay level counterpart. Lastly, for the livelihood and economic
enterprise development, the top three problems are the lack of funds to
continue the livelihood projects, lack of market for the products, and
illegal fishing of Mauban fishermen. Results of the CNA are very
important since it will serve as the bases in designing appropriate
interventions for the municipality in the future.
Keywords: community needs assessment (CNA), DOST, e-CEST, Real, Quezon, health,
nutrition, water, sanitation, education, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation
livelihood
Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta 1

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Poverty is a situation that is closely linked to welfare. Poverty does not only mean
not having access to money and resources (United Nations, n.d.). It also means that these
people have little or no access to education, basic services, and participation. According
to ASCD (2009), there are different types of poverty: situational, generational, relative,
urban, rural, and extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is defined as the lack of the means to
necessary basic needs. It includes social, economic, and political elements. It is said that
it is harder to help people who live in isolated areas who experience extreme poverty
because of their access to services (World Bank, 2016). Almost half of the world’s
population live on less than $2.50 a day. The International Poverty line was revised last
2015 to $1.90. The International Poverty Line is revised every time a new set of PPPs or
Purchasing Power Parity is produced (World Bank, 2015). There is difficulty in
measuring global poverty because of the difference of market price and purchasing power
of different countries.
Despite the efforts made through the Millennium Development Goal 1, which is
“eradicate extreme poverty and hunger”, 10.7% of the world’s population still experience
poverty (World Bank, 2016). This means that the number of people experiencing poverty
is still high. With this, the United Nations continued the Millennium Development Goal
number 1 and translated it into one of the Sustainable Development Goals which is “end
poverty in all its forms everywhere.”

According to the Asian Development Bank (2015), 21.6% of the Philippines lives
below the national poverty line, an approximate 78% increase since 2013. Poverty and
inequality is still a challenge in the Philippines. The impact of poverty can be seen not
only in national levels but also in the basic unit of a society, families. Because of this, the
Philippine government has developed different interventions to alleviate poverty. Some
of these are the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery
of Services (Kalahi-CIDSS), KALIPI and Sustainable Livelihood Program of the
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Accelerated and Sustainable
Anti-Poverty Program (ASAPP) of National Economic Development Authority (NEDA),
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), a conditional cash transfer initiative, and
many more (Official Gazette, 2015). Meanwhile, the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) has its own efforts to help alleviate poverty in the country.
DOST is the premiere science and technology body in the country charged with
the twin mandate of providing central direction, leadership and coordination of all
scientific and technological activities, and of formulating policies, programs and projects
to support national development (DOST, 2015).
One of the programs of DOST is the Community Empowerment through Science
and Technology (CEST) program which is designed to help the disadvantaged sectors
with the help of science and technology. It has five areas of focus namely, 1) Health and
Nutrition; 2) Water and Sanitation; 3) Basic Education and Literacy; 4)
Livelihood/Economic Enterprise; 5) Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change

Adaptation. This program has been implemented in various places in the country
including CALABARZON. DOST further improved the CEST program and called it the
Enhanced CEST program (e-CEST) which is being implemented in the Geographically
Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA).
Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to assess the needs and problems of the municipality of Real,
Quezon given the areas of focus of the e-CEST program.
Specifically, it aimed to:
1. determine the key socio-economic and demographic characteristics of
households in Real, Quezon;
2. discuss the current situation of the communities, with focus on needs,
problems and issues in the following areas of a) health and nutrition; b) water
and sanitation; c) basic education and literacy; d) disaster risk reduction and
management/climate change adaptation; and e) livelihood / economic
enterprise development;
3. discuss the current and future interventions which can address the identified
problems in the communities; and,
4. provide recommendations towards the development of the municipality of
Real, Quezon in terms of the identified focus areas.

Importance of the Study
A community needs assessment (CNA) is a social research conducted to have a
profile of the community in order to have basis for development interventions. This
research is conducted to understand the needs and issues the community is facing in
terms of health and nutrition, water and sanitation, education, disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation, and livelihood and enterprise development. The results of the
CNA will help DOST in aligning the activities of the e-CEST program to the needs and
problems of the municipality. It can be used as a baseline information in formulating
future interventions. It will also be useful to the various groups that will plan and
implement interventions to improve the quality of life of the people in Real, Quezon.
Scope and Limitations
Needs assessment was limited to only the direct impacts to the implementation of
the e-CEST program focusing on the five focus areas mentioned earlier. The CNA only
focused on the pre-identified areas of DOST. Thus, areas identified by the community
people not covered on the five focus areas were not included. In the household survey,
there were only two barangays covered in the study. Thus, other characteristics and
problems present in other barangays may not be reflected.

CHAPTER II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
DOST crafted the e-CEST program for poverty alleviation in the country. The
program is focused on five key areas namely: health and nutrition, water and sanitation,
education, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, and livelihood and
enterprise development. This conceptual framework acted as the guide in conducting the
CNA in Real, Quezon. The CNA considered the issue/problems, solutions and
interventions made, actors/implementers, recommendations and resources available for
each focus area in the community of Real, Quezon. The five focus areas are
interconnected especially because it affects how one person lives in the community. This
study will guide DOST IV-A in the evaluation and crafting of future S&T interventions.
Conducting CNA is vital to make sure that appropriate interventions will be used for
poverty alleviation.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the CNA in Real, Quezon.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Locale of the Study
Real is a first class district of the province of
Quezon and is the most promising municipality of the
First District of the province. It was once part of the
municipality of Infanta (Socio-Physical Economic
Profile and Development Plan of Real, Quezon,
2017). The name “Real” came from Puerto Real used
by the Spaniards when they colonized the territory.
Through the Executive Order No. 410, Real became a
Municipal District in 1960 (Socio-Physical

Figure 2. Location of Real, Quezon.
Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real,
Quezon, 2017).
Back then, the barangays of the municipality were only Llavac, Cawayan,
Capalong, Tignoan, Kiloloron, Lubayat and Pandan. Three years after, more barangays
like Ungos, Maragondon, Poblacion 1, Poblacion 61, Malapad and Tanauan were
included leading to a total of 17 barangays. In that same year, the first political election
was held with Lazaro A. Atendido Sr. winning the position of mayor.
Real has a total land area of 56, 380 hectares of land area with specific
coordinates of 14° 28’ 60” North latitude and 121° 34’ 00” East longitude (Figure 2). It is

situated at the southern part of General Nakar and northern part of Mauban. It is the
second largest municipality of the province. Based on the Socio-Physical Economic
Profile and Development Plan of Real, Quezon (2017), the municipality’s population is
30,791. Of the 17 barangays, 14 are considered rural (Barangay Cawayan, Kiloloron,
Tagumpay, Capalong, Bagong Silang, Tanauan, Tignoan, Llavac, Maragondon, Malapad,
Maunlad, Lubayat, Pandan, and Masikap) and three are urban (Barangay Poblacion 1,
Poblacion 61, and Ungos).
Figure 3. Map of the municipality of Real, Quezon showing the 17 barangays.

(Socio-Physical Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real,
Quezon 2017)
B. Research Design
A mixed method research design was used in the research study. These include
collecting quantitative and qualitative data through conducting surveys, focus group
discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII).

Respondents of the Study
For the household survey, 30 respondents were selected from two barangays of
the municipality, Barangays Kiloloran and Tanauan. The barangays and the respondents
were chosen through a 2-stage systematic random sampling. For KII, the key informants
are the following: the Mayor, Municipal Science and Technology Officer and Municipal
Planning and Development Officer, Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer,
Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer, Municipal Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Officer and District Supervisor (Education). Other key
informants are the Sangguniang Bayan Councilor (SBC) for Health, SBC for Agriculture
and Cooperatives, Tourism Officer, and Focal Persons for Water and Sanitation, Focal
Person for Health and Nutrition or Municipal Health Officer, Disaster Risk Reduction
and Climate Change Adaptation, and Livelihood or Municipal Agriculture Officer. The
FGD on the other hand were attended by civil society organizations (CSOs) and
municipal agriculture officials were the participants for livelihood and economic
enterprise. Barangay health workers, barangay nutrition scholars, nurses, and medical
technologist were the participants for health and nutrition and water and sanitation.
Barangay action officers and barangay captains were the participants for disaster risk
reduction and climate change adaptation. Lastly, elementary and secondary teachers and
principals were the participants for basic education and literacy.

Research Instrument
Two instruments were used for the research study. A survey questionnaire and matrix
was used for better facilitation of the household survey, FGD, and KII.
The survey questionnaire contains seven parts: personal information, socio-
demographic status, migration, socio-economic status, health and sanitation status,
disaster risk and vulnerability assessment, and needs of the community (Appendix 1). For
the FGD and KII guide, it includes the problems, solutions, institution in-charge,
recommendations, and resources (Appendix 2).
Data Collection
Courtesy calls were done during the first two days of the practicum. The data for the
CNA for Real, Quezon were collected through conducting FGDs, KIIs and household
surveys.
For the household survey, a letter was sent to the barangays identified as study sites.
A random sampling was also used to choose the households to be surveyed and 15
households were interviewed in Barangay Kiloloron and another 15 households in
Barangay Tanauan (Table 1).
Table 1. Number of households, poor households, and interviewed households of the

chosen barangays.
Barangay Total No. of No. of Poor No. of Households
Households Households Interviewed
(as of 2000) (as of 2016)
Kiloloron 498 123 15
Tanauan 442 210 15
TOTAL 30
Source: Socio-Physical Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real, Quezon (2017)

For the KII, letters were also sent to the respective officials. For the FGD,
invitation letters were also sent to the proposed participants with the help of the
respective departments of the focus areas and the local DILG. Letters were sent to the
respective departments of the municipality to gather the secondary data needed.
Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data from the household survey. Grid
analysis was used for FGD and KII to prioritize the identified problems. The secondary
data helped in validating the primary data collected.

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Socio-demographic Characteristics
The socio-demographic characteristics of the household members in Real were
identified and analyzed through the household survey results. The socio-demographic
characteristics are the household member’s sex, age, civil status, educational attainment,
main livelihood, and special skills.
Table 2 shows that for the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents,
majority (80%) of the respondents were female while the minority (20%) is male
respondents. All of the respondents are in the working age population. The highest
frequency of respondents are from the 32-42 years old age range.
Majority of the respondents are married or are living with a partner (77%) while some
of the respondents are already a widow/widower (20%). The values for their educational
attainment are around the same but the elementary graduates have the highest percentage
(27%). Almost half (47%) of the respondents are unemployed, housewives, pensioned, or
are supported by other family members while the other respondents do farming, business
or other livelihood activities such as ducting, housekeeping or, involved as a barangay
official. For the special skills of the respondents, a few of them answered that they are
good in cooking (10%), driving (7%), while the others have special skills like
photojournalism, welding, and farming. However, many (70%) of them did not specify
their skills.

Even though the number of females in the respondents are higher, in the socio-
demographic characteristics of the household members, the number of males are higher
(Table 3). More than half (55%) of them are male while around half (45%) are female.
The ages of 65% of the household members ranges from 0-24 years old, most of them are
children of the household heads. Many (70%) of the household members are single,
which could be because majority of them are still students.
For their educational attainment, the percentage of the educational attainment for
the household members are similar for elementary level to high school graduate with
numbers ranging from 16%-19% for every level. For the main livelihood of the
household members, majority (70%) of them are either unemployed or still not working
since it was observed that majority of the household members are not yet part of the
working age population. For those who are working, 5% of them are farmers while
another 5% are laborers. The rest have other different means of livelihood like being a
housekeeper, maintenance and driver, to name a few. Most (90%) of the household
members did not have a specified special skill, the rest have very varied special skills like
carpentry, computer, welding, etc.
Migration
As for the migration of the respondents, it was observed that the majority (70%)
of them are locals and are originally from the specific barangays of the municipality of
Real, Quezon while 30% are migrants to the community they currently belong to. Those
who were not originally from the place they were currently living in came from a
different purok, municipality, or province. There were two identified reasons for
transferring to Real, Quezon. These are economic (for livelihood) and demographic (for
marriage). In Table 4, the households that migrated came from municipalities in different
provinces (44%), different municipality from the same province (22%), different
barangays from the same municipality (22%), and there are those who came from a
different district from the same barangay (12%).
Table 2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents.
Socio-demographic Characteristics Frequency Percentage

(n=30) (%)
Sex
Male 6 20
Female 24 80
Age
21-31 4 13.3
32-42 10 33.4
43-53 8 26.7
54-64 1 3.3
65-75 6 20
76-86 1 3.3
Civil Status
Married/Live-in 23 77
Separate 1 3
Widow/Widower 6 20
Educational Attainment
No Formal Education 1 3.3
Elementary level 6 20
Elementary Graduate 6 27
High School Level 4 13.3
High School Graduate 8 26.7
College Level 1 3.3
College Graduate 2 6.7
Vocational/technical 2 6.7

Table 2 continued …
Socio-demographic Characteristics Frequency Percentage
(n=30) (%)
Main Livelihood
Farming 2 6
Business (small sari-sari store, paghahalaman, buy and sell) 6 20
Others (caretaker, ducting, maintenance, electrician, 7 24
housekeeping, labandera, tanod)
None/Housewife/Pensioned/Support from family member(s) 14 47
Special Skills (Multiple Answers)
Cooking 3 10
Professional Driving 2 7
Others (photojournalism, farming, welding) 4 13
Not specified 21 70
Table 3. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents’ family member(s).
Frequency Percentage
Socio-demographic Characteristics
(n=120) (%)
Sex
Male 65 55
Female 55 45
Age
0-12 39 32.5
13-24 39 32.5
25-36 17 14
37-48 13 10
49-60 7 6
61-72 2 2
73-84 2 2
Civil Status
Single 84 70
Married 33 27
Separate 2 2
Widow/Widower 1 1
Educational Attainment
No Formal Education 1 .83
Primary Level 9 7.5
Elementary level 21 17.5
Table 3 continued
Frequency Percentage
Socio-demographic Characteristics
(n=120) (%)
Elementary Graduate 20 17
High School Level 19 16
High School Graduate 23 19
College Level 5 4.17
College Graduate 3 2.5
Vocational/technical 3 2.5
ALS 3 2.5
Below school age 12 10
Respondent doesn’t know 1 .83
Main Livelihood (Multiple Answers)
Farming 6 5
Paintor 2 1.67
Vendor 2 1.67
Laborer/ hired laborer 6 5
Others (househelp, housekeeper, caretaker, 12 10
maintenance, collector, nagrarattan, driver, carpentor,
cook, merchandiser, technician)
None/housewife/ below working age 92 77
Special Skills (Multiple Answers)
Cooking 1 .83
Driving 1 .83
Carpentry 2 1.67
Others (paghahalaman, electrician, torno, welding, 7 6
driver, housekeeping, computer, safety officer)
Not specified 109 90.8
Table 4. Place of origin of the respondents who migrated.
ORIGINAL PLACE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(n=9) (%)
Different district from the same barangay (Purok 5) 1 12
Different barangays from the same 2 22
barangay (Malapad at Poblacion 1)
Different municipality from the same province 2 22
(Infanta, Gen Nakar)
Different municipalities in different provinces 4 44
(Mindanao, Bicol, Capiz)
B. Socio-economic Characteristics
The monthly income of the households vary. Some (37%) have monthly income
of Php 5,001.00 to Php 10,000.00 because the usual works of the people involves
coconut, farming, rattan, horticulture, and business (sari-sari store). Only a few (20%)
households have income higher than Php 15,001.00 and lower than Php 5,000.00 (Figure
4). Among the regions in the Philippines, CALABARZON is one of the regions with
lowest poverty incidence (families) with 6.7% (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015).
From the full report, the poverty incidence among families of Quezon lowered from
20.3% in 2013 to 17.1% in 2015.
12 11
10
8 7
6
6
4 3
2
2 1
0
₱0 - ₱5,000 ₱5,001 - ₱10,001 - ₱15,001 - ₱20,001 - ₱25,001
₱10,000 ₱15,000 ₱20,000 ₱25,000 and above
Figure 4. Total monthly income of the households.
Less than half (47%) of the household’s monthly food expenses usually ranges
from Php 2,501.00 to Php 5,000.00. While 40% of the respondents spend Php 5,001.00
and above on their food monthly and only four households spend below Php 2,500.00
(Table 5).

Table 5 shows that most (93%) households have no expenses on rentals. Most of
them are the owner or the caretaker of the house. However, there were a few (7%)
households who still pay for their house rental. Majority (67%) of the monthly electricity
expenses of the households mostly ranges from Php 1.00 to Php 500.00. There are a few
(13%) households who do not have any expenses on electricity because they have no
access to it or they connect their wires to other’s line.
More than half (56%) of the households have no expenses on water. The
respondents usually get their water in creeks, rivers and/or springs which do not require
any payment. Meanwhile, 43% of the households still pay for the water supply that their
barangay provides.
Many (70%) of the households still have monthly expenses on education while a
minority (30%) do not have expenses on education. Mostly, there are still members of the
family who are attending schools which requires the household to allot money for their
allowance (Table 5).
Most of the households also have communication-related expenses. Many (70%)
of the households load their cellular phones monthly for communicating. Meanwhile,
minority (30%) of the households who do not have any expense on communication
(Table 5). Out of 30 households, a few (7%) said that they still have other monthly
expenses. They allot some of their money for alcohol and for the load of their cable. The
rest of the respondents do not have other monthly expenses.

Looking at the results of the monthly expenses, the households spend more
money on food, second on electricity, third on water and housing, fourth on education,
and lastly communication. This justifies the result from the Family Income and
Expenditure Survey (2012) in which less than half (43%) of the families allot more on
food second on housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels, third on education, and
lastly communication.
Table 5. Monthly household expenses of the respondents.

Expenses Frequency Percentage (%)
A. Food
Php 0 – Php 2,500 4 13.33
Php 2,501– Php 5,000 14 46.67
Php 5,001 – Php 7,500 6 20
Php 7,501 – Php 10,000 3 10
Php 10,001 – Php 12,500 1 3.33
Php 12,501 and above 2 6.67
A. House Rent
Php 0, no expenses 28 93.33
Php 1 – Php 750 1 3.33
Php 751 – Php 1,500 1 3.33
B. Electricity
Php 1 – Php 500 20 66.67
Php 501 – Php 1,000 3 10
Php 1,001 – Php 1,500 1 3.33
Php 1,501 – Php 2,000 1 3.33
C. Water
Php 1 – Php 15 9 30
Php 16 – Php 30 4 13.33
D. Education
Php 0, no expenses 9 30
Php 1 – Php 1,200 9 30
Php 1,201 – Php 2,400 4 13.33
Php 2,401 – Php 3,600 5 16.67

Table 5 continued
Expenses Frequency Percentage (%)
Php 3,601 – Php 4,800 1 3.33
E. Communication
Php 0, no expenses 9 30
Php 1 – Php 200 13 43.33
Php 201 – Php 400 5 16.67
Php 401 – Php 600 2 6.67
Php 601 and above 1 3.33
F. Other Expenses
Php 0, no other expenses 28 93.33
Php 1 – Php 150 1 3.33
Php 151 – Php 300 1 3.33
Table 6 shows that most households commonly have cellphone, TV, and gas stove
or LPG. In today’s time, most Filipinos spend their leisure time watching TV and using
their cellular phones. The result of the survey of Kantar Media showed that there was a
rise in TV engagement of Filipinos from the 2014 to 2016 (Arcangel, 2017). 96.6% of the
Filipinos spend their time on watching TVs.
Almost half (43%) of the households own a motorcycle (Table 6). Motorcycles
are more preferred for daily use because of its affordability (The Philippine Star, 2016).
The low number of people owning vehicles in the two barangays can also be affected by
the public transportation available in the area. Buses, tricycles, and jeepneys are present
in the area which are used by many for their daily transportation.
A minority (26%) of the households own households own chicken while a few
households (6%) own pigs and ducks (Table 6). Households own these livestock animals
for additional income. Some sell the eggs while some sell the animals. Other livestock
animals are not owned by households because of the absence of land or farm area
wherein they can leave their animals. Almost all of the land area in the community is
considered as a protected area.
Table 6. Respondents’ ownership to personal properties.

Properties Frequency Percentage
A. Appliances and Gadgets
Cellphone 26 86.67
TV 22 73.33
Gas stove 21 70
Flat iron 13 43.33
DVD 12 40
Washing machine 9 30
Refrigerator 8 26.67
Stereo 8 26.67
Computer/laptop 6 20
Radio 5 16.67
Karaoke 5 16.67
Microwave oven 3 10
Sewing machine 1 3.33
Solar panels 1 3.33
B. Vehicles
Motorcycle 13 43.33
Bicycle/pedicab 4 13.33
Boat (motor) 2 6.67
Boat (de sagwan) 1 3.33
Car 1 3.33
C. Livestock animals
Chicken 8 26.67
Pig 2 6.67
Duck 2 6.67
Many (67%) households answered that they use LPG for cooking while less than
half (40%) use charcoal. Some answered that if they do not have charcoal they use wood
and if they do not have wood, they use charcoal (Figure 5).

Uling 12
LPG 20
Kahoy 5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Figure 5. Materials used for cooking by the households.
Many (87%) of the respondents use electricity as a source of lighting. Electricity
in the community is accessible for many. However, those who have no electricity and use
kerosene or none at all live in far flung areas which make it hard for them to have an
access with the electricity (Figure 6).
Wala 1
Kerosene 2
Elektrisidad 26
Iba pa 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 6. Lighting used in the house of the respondents.
For the loaning status of the households, many (76%) of the respondents
answered that they loan for them to have additional money while seven said that they do
not loan money. For those who loan money, minority (37%) of the respondents loan

twice a year, a few (23%) respondents loan within a month and 10% loan only once a
year (Figure 7). Since most respondents have identified that they lack livelihood
opportunities in the community, it can be seen that they result to availing loaning services
to address their problem with money.
Once a year 3
Twice a year 11
Once every three months 1
Once a month 4
Thrice a month 1
Once a week 3
0 5 10 15
Figure 7. Frequency of loaning of the households.
Most of the households interviewed loan from microfinance institution like
CARD. Because of the absence of banks in the community, microfinance institutions are
more favored. Moreover, microfinance institutions are more accessible for them. Figure 8
shows that some loan from their relatives and/or friends and pawnshop while others loan
from Gold Star Lending, people they know, cooperative, and sari-sari-store. Figure 9
shows that the households usually use the money that they loaned as capital for their
businesses, personal expenses, and for buying things that they need at home. Others
answered that they use it for expenses at home and rice.

Microfinance Institution (MFI) 12
Pawnshop 1
Kamag-anak/Kaibigan 4
Iba pa 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Figure 8. Organizations and institutions where households loan money.
Puhunan para sa mga binhi/

pananim 1
Pambili ng mga gamit sa bahay
Personal na mga gastusin 9
Puhunan para sa negosyo 11
Iba pa 3
0 5 10 15
Figure 9. Uses of the money that the households loaned.
More than half (56%) of the total respondents have savings while the rest do not
have savings because their income is allotted for certain things already. For the
respondents who answered that they have savings, many (88%) of them save once a week
while a few (12%) save once a month.
The top answer for the organizations and institutions utilized for savings of the
respondents is somehow similar with the answer in loaning status. Around half (47%) of

the respondents answered that they use microfinance institution for their savings (Figure
10). This shows that microfinance institutions are more accessible to the respondents
because there are only a few banks in Real, Quezon.
Microfinance Institution
14
(MFI)
Bangko 2
Iba pa 1
0 5 10 15
Figure 10. Organizations and institutions where households save their money.
Figure 11 shows the savings of the respondents are mostly used for emergency
purposes (41%) and schooling of their children (35%). Others use their savings for their
expenses in the house, for occasions, for daily food expenses, and for payment of their
land.
Puhunan para sa negosyo 1
Pag-aaral ng mga anak 6
Emergencies 7
Iba pa 4
0 2 4 6 8
*Multiple answer
Figure 11. Uses of the money that the households saved.

C. Current Status
Health and Nutrition
The present health facilities available in Real can be seen in Table 7. There is
currently no hospital in the municipality. Real has 14 barangay health stations and two
private medical clinics. There are still barangays with no health stations. These barangays
are those who are in far flung areas already so they still have to go to nearby barangays
for their check-ups or when they are sick.
Table 7. Basic health facilities available in Real.
Facility No. Name of Facility

Private Medical Clinic 2 1. Klinika Azcarraga 
2. Dra. Ramallosa’s Clinic
Maternal & Child Clinic 1 1. Mamacare Midwife Clinic
Brgy. Health Station 14 1. RHU (Pob. 1 & Pob. 61)
2. BHS Cawayan
3. BHS Ungos 
4. BHS Capalong
5. BHS Tignoan
6. BHS Malapad
7. BHS Lubayat
8. BHS Tanauan
9. BHS Maragondon 10. BHS
Llavac
11. BHS Maunlad
12. BHS Bagong Silang
13. BHS Pob. 1
14. BHS Pob. 61
Dental Clinic 2 1. Villamor-Coronacion Dental
Clinic
2. Ramallosa Dental Clinic
Drugstores 4 1. Durante’s Drug 
2. The Generic Pharmacy
3. Somerset Pharmacy
4. Montalban Drugstore

Table 8 shows the number of malnourished children 0-5 years old. Out of 4,355
population of children aged 0-5, a total of 319 or 7.32% are malnourished. In terms of
magnitude, barangay Llavac has the highest numbers while Barangay Masikap has the
highest magnitude of malnourished children. Barangay Maunlad has the lowest
magnitude of malnourish children with only two individuals. Based on the survey, there
are more male children who are malnourished compared to females.
Table 8. Malnourished children aged 0-5 years old.
*Malnourished children 0-5 years old or children who are moderately or severely
underweight
**Number of malnourished children 0-5 years old over number of children 0-5 years old

The LGU regularly provides a feeding and deworming program for children ages
0-5 to lessen the rate of malnutrition. BHWs also monitor the status of the malnourished
children and pregnant women in their areas. They also give lecture/seminar on “Aral
Buntis”, and give vaccination needed for pregnant women, which is why it is important
for pregnant women to be checked up in their respected barangay health centers. Aside
from that, they also do house visitations.
From the household surveys, it was identified that the most common illness of the
household members (Figure 12) are cough and colds (93%). Following that is fever or flu
(76%). Some households also experienced hypertension, asthma, arthritis. A few
households (17%) also experienced LBM, dengue, diabetes, heart disease and UTI. Even
though one of the identified problems from the KII and FGD for water and sanitation is
the rate of households with unsafe drinking water access, it can be observed that the
number of waterborne diseases is not alarming. Only one household specified that their
family experienced malnutrition. According to the MSPDP (2017), out of 4,355
population of children in Real aged 0-5, a total of 319 or 7.32% are malnourished.
The methods and ways on how the people relieve their diseases were also
identified. Figure 13 shows that majority (77%) of the respondents go to the hospital or
health center to get consulted by a doctor. Followed by those who use herbal medicines
(63%), and households that buy medicines from pharmacies without prescription. The
method being used the least is going to Faith Healers (3%).

30 28
Cough and Colds
25 23
Fever/Flu
20
Dengue Fever
15 13
11 Asthma
10 7
4 TB
5 3 2 2
1 1
0 Hypertension/High
Usual Sickness among the Households blood
Figure 12. Common or usual sickness among the households in the municipality.
25
20
15
10
5
0
Doctor Herbal Medicines Quack Own Faith
Medicines from Doctor Remedy Healer
pharmacy
or stores
without
prescription
Figure 13. Remedies used by the households in curing sicknesses and diseases.
Water and Sanitation
According to the Municipal Socioeconomic Profile and Development Plan of Real
(2017), 7.46% of the households in Real still have no access to sanitary toilet facilities.
The stated reasons for this are tenurial status (informal settlers), financial problem and

landowners who do not allow construction of a toilet facility. Not only the sanitation of
the municipality is affected, but also the environment, because some of those who do not
have their own toilet facilities just use public spaces as their toilets and it can cause
contamination if not properly disposed. This can also affect the health of the people.
Many (83%) of the households already have their own toilet facilities while a few (17%)
households still do not have their own toilet facility.
For those who have their own toilet facilities, the respondents were asked on the
classification of their toilets. Based on the survey, all of the respondents have a water
rinse or de buhos type of toilet facility. Those who said that do not have toilet facilities
were asked what their alternative means are. Figure 14 shows that those that don’t have
their own toilets use their neighbor’s toilets (66%) while the rest either bury their wastes
(17%) or they use the community toilet (17%).
5
4
4
2
1 1
1
0
Nakikigamit ng Ibinabaon Public CR
ibang palikuran
Figure 14. Alternative toilet facilities being used by the households who do not have their
own facilities.
The respondents were asked how they dispose their garbage or trash. Figure 15
shows that many (86%) of them have their garbage collected weekly. Others burn their
garbage (26%) or bury their trash (23%). It was observed by the researchers that those
who do not have their garbage collected by the garbage truck provided by the
municipality are those households that are two far from the main road or the designated
areas for garbage collection therefore, they tend to just burn or bury their garbage. Not all
the barangays in Real have their garbage collected. Residual wastes from Barangay
Malapad, Lubayat, Pandan, Maragondon, Llavac, Maunlad, Masikap, Bagong Silang, and
Tagumpay are not collected from the Municipal Government because the barangays are
too far from the Poblacion (MNAP, 2017). The garbage truck assigned by the MENRO
for the garbage collection have been scheduled every day in the marketplace, and
semiweekly in Barangay Poblacion 61. In other barangays, the garbage collection is done
weekly.
30
25
20
15
26
10
5 8 7
0
Kinokolekta Sinusunog Ibinabaon
*Multiple answers
Figure 15. Waste disposal of the respondents’ households.
Also, the respondents were asked if they are practicing waste segregation. Most
(90%) said that they are segregating their garbage constantly while three said do not

segregate their garbage. The minority who said that they do not segregate their wastes are
those who do not have their garbage collected. They said that they do not see the
importance of segregating since they burn or bury everything anyway and some said that
they are lazy to segregate.
The respondents were asked about the source of their drinking water (Figure 16).
Others (30%) get their drinking water from the refillable water containers. Half (50%) of
the households get their drinking water from their own faucets. This data can be also
validated from the Socio-Physical and Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real
(2017), which identified that the top two major sources of potable water in the
municipality are: own use faucet, community water system and shared faucet, community
water system. While for the source of water for other household activities (Figure 17),
almost half (47%) of the households use the water from their own faucets while the other
half (50%) get the water from the rivers or creeks. The Municipal Economic Enterprise
and Public Utility Office (MEEPUO) of LGU in Real manages the water distribution in
the three urban barangays while the rest are handled by the barangays (Socio-Physical
and Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real, 2017).

Shallow well 1
Creek, river o
15
lake, spring
Nilalakong
9
Tubig
Deep well or
1
poso
Own faucet 4
0 5 10 15 20
Figure 16. Sources of drinking water of the households.
Shallow well 1
Creek, river or lake, spring 15
Own faucet 14
0 5 10 15 20
Figure 17. Sources of water of the households for their other activities.
Basic Education and Literacy
Table 9 shows that Real has six secondary schools, 21 elementary schools, and 24
day care centers. Of the six secondary schools, three are public while the other three are
private. For the secondary school, 17 are public while the rest are private.

Table 9. Basic educational facilities present in the municipality.
Educational Facility No. Name of Facility

Secondary (Public and Private) 6 Public
1. Ungos National H.S. Main
2. UNHS Llavac Extension
3. UNHS Lubayat Extension
Private
1. St. Raphael College of Business
and Arts Inc.
2. Ricardo O. Macasaet Memorial
Academy Inc.
3. San Lorenzo de Brindisi
Elementary (Public and Private) 21 Public
1. Bagong Silang
2. Capalong 
3. Cawayan 
4. Kiloloron
5. Little Baguio
6. Llavac 
7. Lubayat 
8. Real Central
9. Tagumpay
10. Malapad 
11. Maliliit na Bato
12. Maragondon
13. Maunlad
14. Pandan
15. Tanauan
16. Tignoan
17. Ungos
Private
1. Learnpoint Kiddie School
2. Christian Heritage Academy
3. San Lorenzo de Brindisi 
4. Goldred Academy
Day Care Center 24
A total of 311 children aging 6-11 years old are not attending elementary school
in the municipality. Meanwhile, 870 or 30.9% children aged 12-15 years old are not
attending high school, which is 8.97% of the municipal data. Some of the
reasons/explanation for not attending schools are the following; financial problem, lacks
of parent’s encouragement, school are far from home and lack of interest to study (Socio-
Economic Profile of Real, Quezon). This also validates the dated collected from the
household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions for the
education aspect. Table 10 shows the number of illiterate persons 10 years old and above.
A total of 477 persons or 2.04% out of 23,353 are illiterate. The largest number can be
found at Brgy. Kiloloron with 57 individuals followed by Brgy. Cawayan and Ungos
with 53 each.
Table 10. Illiteracy rate by sex, by Barangay.

Livelihood and Economic Enterprise Development
From the Municipal Socio-Physical and Economic Profile and Development Plan
of Real, Quezon, it is said that fishing and farming are the major sources of income in the
municipality. However, the results of the household survey shows that the top four source
of livelihood in the community are teaching, construction, business, and horticulture
(Figure 18). The result may be different due to the location of the two barangays.
Konstruksyon 22
Empleyado 15
Factory Worker 4
Pagtuturo 25
Pagnenegosyo 21
Paghahayupan 18
Horticulture 21
Pangingisda 17
Pagsasaka 14
Iba pa 2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 18. Livelihood present in the community.
There are different businesses present in the community. Figure 19 shows that
retail shops or sari-sari stores (93%) are the most common business in the community,
followed by carinderias and restaurants (77%) and business services (77%). This justifies
the List of Registered Business of Real Quezon (2017) where 163 out of 497 businesses
are sari-sari stores. Since Barangay Kiloloron is close to the coastal area, resorts are also
common in the area. Others also answered that they have rafting in the area.

Resorts 17
Kainan (carinderia, restaurant) 23

Negosyong pang-serbisyo (paaralan,
bangko) 23
Agricultural products 15
Retail shops o sari-sari store 28
Iba pa 6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 19. Types of businesses present in the community.
Half (50%) answered that there are or there have been livelihood projects in the
community while the other half (50%) said that there are no livelihood projects in the
community. Based on the Socio-Economic and Physical Profile of Real, Quezon (2017),
Barangay Tanauan and Kiloloron only have four and two individuals who are
beneficiaries of the Small Livelihood Program of the Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Office (MSWDO).
Out of 15 respondents who answered that there are livelihood projects in the
community, 40% said that there are Small Livelihood Program (SLP) and 13% said that
cooking is also considered as the livelihood project (Figure 20).
One third (33%) said that the livelihood projects that were done in the community
are often funded by the local government. These projects are SLP, horticulture, cooking,

mat and basket weaving. Very few (7%) are funded by cooperatives. The Project of
Hardin ng Kalikasan is funded by nuns from Australia.
One third (33%) of the respondents said that the livelihood projects that were
done in the community are often funded by the local government. These projects are SLP,
horticulture, cooking, mat and basket weaving. Very few (7%) are funded by
cooperatives. The Project of Hardin ng Kalikasan is funded by nuns from Australia.
Banig 1
Basket weaving 1
Proyekto ng Hardin ng Kalikasan 1
Pananim 1
Pagni-niyog 1
Paghahayupan 1
KUMARE 1
Christmas Cards 1
Nagluluto 2
SLP 6
0 2 4 6 8
Figure 20. Kinds of livelihood projects done in the community.
Iba pa 1
NGO 1
Kooperatiba 2
Lokal na pamahalaan 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Figure 21. Organizations or institutions that fund the livelihood projects in the
community.
There are also respondents who are employed (30%). More than half (56%) of the
employed work temporarily, minority (22%) are permanent with their job and the other
minority (22%) are contractual workers (Figure 22).
Permanente 2
Temporary 5
Kontractwal 2
0 2 4 6
Figure 22. Status of employment of the employed households.
As for the location of their works, more than half (56%) work in their barangay. A
few (11%) works in a nearby barangay while the other minority (33%) works in other
places like Manila, Bicol, and Cabuyao, Laguna (Figure 23).
Sa karatig barangay 1
Sa aming barangay 5
Iba pang lugar 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Figure 23. Place of work of the employed households.
Since most of the employed respondents work just in their barangay, more than
half (56%) answered that the distance of their work from their house is less than two

kilometers, a few (11%) said that it is three to five kilometers away from their house and
a few (11%) also said that it is more than 10 kilometers away from their away (Figure
24). One third (33%) of the employed respondents said that their income is sufficient for
them while the rest answered that their income is not sufficient for their family.
>10 kilometro 1
3-5 kilometro 1
<2 kilometro 5
Iba pang lugar 2
0 2 4 6
Figure 24. Distance of home to the workplace of the employed households.
Those who said that their income is not sufficient have identified possible
solutions or are already doing some solutions to address their problems. They answered
that having a permanent job, having a business, being a seller, being thrifty, and being a
member of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) help or can help them have a
sufficient income (Table 11).
Table 11. Identified possible solutions to have a sufficient income.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FREQUENCY (n=6)
Permanent work 1
Seller 1
Business 1
Be thrifty 1
4Ps 1
No answer 1

One third (33%) of the respondents interviewed are business owners. The top two
kinds of businesses of the respondents are sari-sari stores and horticulture
(paghahalaman) (Figure 25).
Sari-sari store 4
Pagni-niyog 1
Paghahayupan 1
Paghahalaman 2
Nagtatanim 1
Buy and Sell 1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Figure 25. Kinds of business in the community.
It is very common that business owners encounter problems with their customers,
competitors, and the business itself. The top problem encountered based on the results is
people who do not pay their debts (40%) which leads to the business owners having a
loss of income. Poor sales, competition of the same business in the community, and low
price of the products were also the problems of the respondents (Table 12).
With the problems encountered by the owners, they have done some actions to
address these. The top two solutions are not entertaining the customers who have debts
unless they pay their debts first and some borrow or loan money to other people.

Table 12. Problems encountered and solutions done by business owners.
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
(n=10) (n=10)
Customers not 4 Loan to other people 2
paying their debts,
loss of income
No sales 2 Customers who have debts 2
must pay first before
allowing them to buy
again
Low price of goods 1 Add the income from other 2
work (horticulture,
electrician)
Presence of the same 2 Sell more products 2
business,
competition
None 1 Pray 1
No answer 1
Table 13 shows that there are resources that they find advantageous or helpful for
their livelihood. The resources are categorized into three: physical, natural, and social.
Respondents have answered that seafood and fish (30%), rafting (20%), and coconuts
(20%) are the resources that are helpful to them.
Table 13. Resources present in the community that are helpful to the business owners
(Frequency = 10).
PHYSICAL NATURAL SOCIAL
Rafting (2), seedlings from DA Seafood, fish (3), SLP Cooperative (1)
(1), resort (1), allowed to go to coconuts (2),
forest (1) horticulture (1),
vegetables (1), plants
(1), banana (1)
*Multiple answers
Livelihood assistance in the community is also present. There are different
organizations, institutions, and private entities that also help some of the respondents.
Some of the institutions are Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
which handles the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), Department of
Agriculture (DA), nuns from Australia, CARD (microfinance institution) and
municipality of Real, Quezon (Table 14).
Table 14. Institutions or organizations that give livelihood assistance in the community.
INSTITUTIONS/ORGANIZATIONS FREQUENCY (n=10)
DSWD (4Ps, etc.) 2

DA 1
Nuns (Australia) 1
CARD (Microfinance) 1
LGU (Real) 1
Do not know 1
No answer 3
There are various products present in the community that the respondents are
proud of. The common answers of the respondents that are said to also help the livelihood
of their community are coconut and seafood. Some also answered rasa, plants, cocofeed,
copa, river and beach (Figure 26).
Possible livelihood were also identified during the validation of results of the
community needs assessment and focus group discussion. Patis and bagoong were
identified during the validation of results while walis tambo, pakumbo, bukayo, and squid

processing were identified during the focus group discussion for livelihood and economic
enterprise development (Table 15).
Rasa 1
Halaman 1
Niyog 2
Seafood 2
Cocofeed 1
Copa 1
Ilog 1
Beach 1
0 1 1 2 2 3
*Multiple answers
Figure 26. Products that the municipality of Real, Quezon is proud of.
Table 15. Possible livelihood identified for the municipality.

IDENTIFIED
Patis, Bagoong
Walis tambo
Pakumbo, Bukayo
Squid processing (dried, etc.)
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
Based on the Socio-Physical and Economic Profile and Development Plan of
Real, Quezon (2017), typhoon, drought, flood, and earthquake are the most common
calamities experienced by the municipality. Typhoon is considered as the most common
because Real is located along the eastern seaboard of Pacific Ocean. Moreover, based on

the respondents’ answers, the common hazard faced by their household are limited jobs
(63%), changes in climate (60%) and also stronger typhoons (53%). Landslides are
commonly answered by respondents living near the mountains (Figure 27).
Limitadong trabaho 19
Problema sa seguridad 6
Dengue at iba pang sakit 3
Lindol 6
Storm surge 2
Landslide 13
Pagbaha 9
Paglakas ng bagyo 16
Pagbabago ng klima 18
0 5 10 15 20
*Multiple answers
Figure 27. Hazards that are faced by the respondents’ households.
More than half (57%) of the respondents answered that the frequency and
intensity of disasters that they have experienced for the past 10 years is getting weaker
and less frequent. Less than one third (30%) answered that the intensity and frequency is
the same and a few (13%) answered that the disasters are more frequent and stronger for
the past ten years (Figure 29). The respondents also identified that one of the most
devastating disaster they experienced was the landslide and flashflood caused by
Typhoon Yoyong which happened last 2004.
The disasters commonly experienced by the barangays for the past 10 years are
destruction of crops and agriculture (60%) and loss of lives and assets caused by

typhoons (57%) (Table 16). The Socio-Economic and Development Profile of Real,
Quezon (2017) justifies the answers of the respondents because the most common
calamity experienced by the municipality is typhoon. Typhoon is said to be the major
reason for the decrease in crop harvest. Other respondents also answered that they have
experienced loss of lives and assets due to flood (27%) and destruction of infrastructures
in the community (27%).
Humihina at dumadalang 17
Pareho lang sa nakaraang 10

9
taon
Dumadalas at lumalakas 4
0 5 10 15 20
Figure 28. Frequency and intensity of disasters for the past 10 years.
Table 16. Disasters brought by different hazards that were experienced by the barangays
for the past 10 years.
DISASTER FREQUENCY (n=30)
Damages to crops and agriculture 18
Damages to life and properties caused by typhoon 17
Damages to life and properties caused by flood 8
Destruction of infrastructures in the community 8
Damages to life and properties caused by earthquake 3
Damages to life and properties caused by landslide 6
Decrease in salary 6
Sickness and death of some people in the community 3
caused by: typhoon (1), landslide (1), changes in climate (1)
Other disasters experienced in the barangay – surge pricing 1
of goods
*Multiple answers

Table 17 shows that disasters have varied effects on different sectors. The
respondents answered that the effects of disasters on female are: disasters scares them
(37%), makes them nervous (30%), hinders their work (10%), and gives trauma (7%). In
a report of the Philippine Statistics Authority (2014), it is evident that there is a behavior
change in girls and boys during their experience with Typhoon Yolanda. People feared
the wind and rain more because of this. This means that disaster may affect the
psychological thinking and emotions of a person. Respondents answered that the effect of
disaster on male is that it scares them (33%), makes them nervous (20%), and gives them
a hard time (13%).
Children and elders are also considered as one of the most vulnerable sector in the
society. They are prone to being affected greatly by disasters. The respondents answered
that children gets scared (47%), nervous (13%) and phobia (7%) because of disasters.
Most of the answers affects the children negatively. The effect of the disaster on elders,
like the results of female, male, and children, is that they get scared (33%) and nervous
(23%).
Table 18 shows that respondents’ answers on what female, male, children, and
elders do before a disaster. The respondents said that females usually get things ready
(50%). Moreover, respondents said that females pack and fix the things needed (17%), or
evacuate their houses (13%).
Meanwhile, the top answer for what males do before a disaster is they get ready
(33%). However, male has a lower frequency than of female. The respondents answered

that male also evacuate (13%) or fix the house (13%). It can be seen that gender
stereotyping is still present with the answers of the respondents. Females are expected to
do the household chore and be responsible of taking care of the family through preparing
the needs or by staying at home.
For children, the respondents answered that they usually evacuate (17%), do
nothing because they are still young (17%) or stay inside the house with their family
(13%). For elders, they also get ready (27%), evacuate (20%) or just stay inside their
houses (10%).
In Table 19, respondents identified the different actions of female, male, children
and elders during a disaster. The common answers of respondents for what females do
are: evacuate (30%), stay inside the house with the family (20%), takes care of their
children (7%), gets ready (7%), pack their things (7%) or pray (7%). For male, the top
three answers are: they evacuate (27%), stay inside the house (17%) or pack and fix their
things (13%).
For children, they usually stay inside the house (7%), evacuate (7%), pray (7%) or
gets scared (7%) as answered by the respondents. Meanwhile, elders also evacuate (7%),
stay inside the house, (20%) or gets ready (10%).
In Table 20, respondents identified the different actions of female, male, children,
and elders after a disaster. The top three answers for females are: they help clean the
house and the disaster’s aftermath (63%), they go back to their houses (47%) or fix or

pack their things (17%). The top three answers for males are: they help in cleaning their
houses (23%), they fix the damages caused by the disaster (23%), they go back to their
houses (10%), they fix or pack their things (10%), or they go back to their work to earn
money (10%).
According to the respondents, children usually help in cleaning the houses (23%),
just stay at home (17%) or do not do anything because they are still young (13%). For the
elders, they help in cleaning the house (23%), go back to their house (17%) or do not do
anything because they are already old (17%).

Table 17. The effects of disasters on female, male, children, and elders.
FEMALE MALE CHILDREN ELDERS
EFFECTS OF Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Natatakot, lalong 11 36.67 10 33.33 14 46.67 10 33.33
natatakot
Kabado, nerbyos 9 30 6 20 4 13.33 7 23.33
Hindi na 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
nagpupundar
Trauma 2 6.67 1 3.33 1 3.33 1 3.33
Hirap, nahihirapan 1 3.33 4 13.33 0 0 2 6.67
Lumilikas 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nagigipit 1 3.33 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
Nagkaka-phobia 1 3.33 1 3.33 2 6.67 0 0
Nagrereact agad 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nag-aayos 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
Nagiinom 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
Hirap sa trabaho 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
Tumutulong 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
Walang epekto 1 3.33 0 0 2 6.67 2 6.67
Kulang sa pagkain 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Hindi pinapalabas 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Nae-endager ang 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
kaligtasan

Table 17 continued
FEMALE MALE CHILDREN ELDERS
EFFECTS OF Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Nagkakaron ng 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 1 3.33
deperensya
Nasho-shock 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Nagkakasakit 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Hirap makakuha 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.33
ng relief
Nagaalala 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.33
Inaakay palabas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*Multiple answers
Table 18. Actions of female, male, children, and elders before a disaster.
ACTIONS FEMALE MALE CHILDREN ELDERS
Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage
BEFORE A Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%) (%)
DISASTER (n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Naghahanda o 15 50 10 33.33 4 13.33 8 26.67
nakahanda na
Nagbabalot/nagii 5 16.67 3 10 2 6.67 2 6.67
mpis/nagaayos
ng gamit o
nageempake

Table 18 continued
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Lumilikas o 4 13.33 4 13.33 5 16.67 6 20
umaalis
Nagdadasal 2 6.67 0 0 0 0 2 6.67
Nagaasikaso ng 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 2 6.67
bahay
Nagiingat 1 3.33 2 6.67 1 3.33 1 3.33
Nagiimpok 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nakikiramdam 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 1 3.33
Nasa bahay lang 1 3.33 0 0 4 13.33 3 10
Tumutulong sa 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
pamilya
Inaayos ang 0 0 4 13.33 0 0 0 0
bahay at bubong
Iniintindi ang 0 0 2 6.67 0 0 0 0
pamilya
Nakikiramdam 0 0 1 3.33 1 3.33 0 0
Nagtataka 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Nagtitipon, 0 0 0 0 2 6.67 1 3.33
umaakyat
Sumusunod sa 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
pinapaalala
Table18 continued
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Tahimik 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Wala ng 0 0 0 0 5 16.67 1 3.33
ginagawa
*Multiple answers
Table 19. Actions of female, male, children, and elders during a disaster.
DURING A Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%) (%)
DISASTER (n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
First aid 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naghahanda o 2 6.67 3 10 3 10 3 10
nakahanda na
Umiikot 1 3.33 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Iniipon o inuuna 2 6.67 0 0 0 0 0 0
ang mga anak
Katulong sa 1 3.33 2 6.67 0 0 1 3.33
paggalaw
Lumilikas 9 30 8 26.67 2 6.67 7 23.33

Table 19 continued
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Nagbabantay 1 3.33 3 10 0 0 0 0
Nagdadasal 2 6.67 1 3.33 2 6.67 1 3.33
Nageempake o 2 6.67 4 13.33 0 0 1 3.33
nagiimpis
Nagiingat 1 3.33 0 0 2 6.67 1 3.33
Nagiintindi ng 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
pagkain
Nagkukulong o 6 20 5 16.67 10 33.33 6 20
sama-sama sa
bahay
Nagtatawag ng 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
rescue
Nakaupo nalang 1 3.33 1 3.33 0 0 2 6.67
Natatakot 1 3.33 0 0 2 6.67 2 6.67
Inaasikaso ang 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
kaligtasan ng
pamilya
Nagaayos ng 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
bahay
Bitbit ng 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
magulang
Table 19 continued
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Naglalaro 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Wala ng ginagawa 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 1 3.33
*Multiple answers
Table 20. Actions of female, male, children, and elders after a disaster.
AFTER A Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Bumabalik sa 14 46.67 3 10 2 6.67 5 16.67
bahay
Inaayos ang 1 3.33 7 23.33 0 0 0 0
pinsala, nagaayos
ng bahay
Katulong sa 19 63.33 7 23.33 7 23.33 7 23.33
paglinis o
naglilinis ng bahay
Naglilinis ng 1 3.33 0 0 0 0 0 0
school

Table 20 continued
AFTER A Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
DISASTER (%) (%) (%) (%)
(n=30) (n=30) (n=30) (n=30)
Nagliligpit, 5 16.67 3 10 3 10 1 3.33
nagiimpis o
nagaayos
Naghahanap ng 1 3.33 2 6.67 0 0 0 0
pangangailangan
Tumutulong 1 3.33 1 3.33 1 3.33 2 6.67
Wala ng ginagawa 1 3.33 1 3.33 3 10 5 16.67
Nagkakabit ng 0 0 1 3.33 0 0 0 0
kuryente
Naghahanap ng 0 0 3 10 0 0 1 3.33
pagkakakitaan o
nagtatrabaho
Nagpapahinga, 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 3 10
nakaupo
Naglalaro 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Napasok sa school 0 0 0 0 1 3.33 0 0
Nasa bahay lang 0 0 0 0 5 16.67 2 6.67
*Multiple answers

All of the respondents answered that there are organizations or institutions that provide
assistance during and after a disaster. These organizations or institutions varies from
government, private or non-government organizations.
Figure 29 shows that nearly all (97%) respondents said that barangay officials are
the ones who help them during and after the occurrence of disasters followed by national
government agencies (93%). Barangay officials and national government agencies give
relief goods such as food and clothes. Schools (77%) are also provide assistance by
allowing the community to use the facilities as an evacuation center.
Iba pa (SBMP) 1
Student Org. 4
Community Org. 9
Paaralan 23
NGO 16
Simbahan 22
National Government Agencies 28
Barangay Officials 29
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
*Multiple answers
Figure 29. Organizations or institutions that provide assistance to the community during
and after disasters.
Most of the respondents (93%) answered that their barangay is prepared for any
occurrence of disasters while very few (7%) answered that their barangay is not yet
prepared.

Those who said that their barangays are prepared identified the existing resources
that their barangays have in order for them to be prepared for any disaster. Table 21
shows that their barangays have evacuation center (100%), early warning system (93%),
disaster response team (89%), and boat and other rescue equipment (86%).
Table 21 shows that the respondents who answered that their barangays are not
yet prepared with disaster said that they should have rescue equipment (100%), disaster
response team (100%), evacuation center (100%), and early warning system (50%).
Table 21. Existing and needed resources in the community that contributes in improving
their disaster preparedness.
RESOURCES EXISTING RESOURCES NEEDED RESOURCES
FREQUENCY (n=28) FREQUENCY (n=2)
Equipment for rescue 24 2
Disaster response team 25 2
Evacuation centers 28 2
Early warning system 26 1
*Multiple answers
D. Needs, Problems and Recommendations
The needs and problems of the people in Real regarding health and nutrition were
also asked. In the household survey, they identified the problems that they see in the
health and nutrition sector. Table 22 shows the two problems that were identified by the
survey respondents. The main problem is the absenteeism of doctors/nurses/midwives in
the health center while the other problem identified is the lack of medicines in the
barangay health centers so they still need to go to the municipal health center to get
medicine. Some barangays can take up to four hours travel time from their barangay to
the municipal hall. For those who are old and sick, those who really needs medicines, it
can be hard for them to travel to the municipal hall.
Table 22. Problems on health and nutrition that the municipality of Real is facing.
FREQUENCY
PROBLEMS
(n=30)
Absenteeism of doctors/nurses/midwives in 6
the health center
Lack of medicines in the barangay health 2
centers so they still need to go to the
municipal health center to get medicine
No problem 22
The respondents of the survey were also asked if there are institutions or
organizations that were able to give help to them in addressing health problems. From the
local government, they received medicines, free check-ups, feeding programs,
deworming of children, and medical missions. From the NGOs (unspecified), they have
been provided with medical missions, feeding programs, medicines and food while from
the people in the community, they have received medicines and food (Table 23).
Table 23. Services and institutions helping in the health and nutrition sector.
INSTITUTIONS SERVICES
Government (Agencies and Medicine, Feeding programs, Deworming,
Programs) Medical Missions, Free check up
NGOs Medical Missions, Feedings, Food and
medicine
Community Food and medicine

From the KII and the FGD, they also identified the problems in health and
nutrition. The top three problems that were identified can be seen in Table 24. The top
problem was that there are still pregnant women who give birth in their own houses
instead of giving birth in the lying in. The Barangay Health Workers (BHWs), Barangay
Nutrition Scholars (BNSs), and Municipal Health Officials (MHOs) deemed this as the
top problem. The BHWs said that the mothers need to be monitored before and after they
give birth so they really need to go to the barangay health centers or the municipal health
center. Second problem is that malnourished children do not go to the feeding programs
that are organized by the MHO. The government has given solutions to this problem like
giving out letters and even providing transport services for the children. The last of the
three problems is the lack of manpower in the departments and offices given the load of
work that they have. One of the constraints also identified in the MNAP 2017, is the
human resource and poorly utilized MAO or MHO. They also lack of barangay
nutritionists that could focus on nutrition.
Table 24. Top three problems identified in the area of health and nutrition based on the
consolidated data.
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
1. There are still • The BHWs talk to • The BHWs, BNS, and
pregnant women the mother and Municipal Health Officials
who give birth in inform them that said that this is the top
their own houses they should be problem because when the
instead of giving monitored on the mothers don’t get monitored,
birth in the lying health center their babies also won’t be
in administered with the
provided vaccines so it is
important that all the
expecting mothers should give
birth on the health center.
Table 24 continued
2. Malnourished • The LGU gives • The children need to

children do not out letters to the participate so they could be
go to the feeding beneficiaries and monitored
programs that they also provide
are organized by transport services
the MHO for the children.
3. Lack of • Job Orders • There should be licensed

Manpower (income given by midwives
DOH) • Higher budget of LGU for
• Strengthening of Health
Manpower • Higher benefits should be
• Allotment of given
100,000 for 21
BNS yearly
The problems in the water and sanitation sector were also asked. Generally, the
respondents said that the state of water and sanitation in Real is satisfactory. Only a few
people said that they had problems regarding the sector. Table 25 shows the list of
problems that was identified in the survey.
Table 25. Problems on water and sanitation in Real.

PROBLEMS FREQUENCY (n=6) PERCENTAGE
(%)
Lack of water in the faucet 4 71
Water becomes turgid when it’s rainy 1 22
No access to patubig 1 4
Dirty environment 1 12
*Multiple answers

The top problem identified is that there are times that there no water that comes
out of their faucet. Other problems that were also identified were: 1) the water becomes
turbid when the season is rainy, 2) there are households that still have no access to the
provided water supply by the LGU, and 3) the surroundings are dirty. These problems are
similar to the problems that were identified in the key informant interviews and focus
group discussions shown in Table 26.
Table 26. Top three problems identified in the area of water and sanitation based on the
consolidated data.
1. Contaminated • The LGU provides • There should be
Water chlorine capsules disinfection from the
since 1990s. Now, source.
- Accessibility to potable they also give • Improve water source
water on far flung areas is Sodium • Regular testing of water
limited Hypochlorite liquid. source
- The drinking water of • The community is
some households just advised to boil their
comes from their faucet or water.
the creek, which is • Improvement of
contaminated. water supplies
2. Lack of toilet • They use their • There should be stricter

facilities of some neighbor’s toilet or implementation on the
households the community CR requirement that each
• The LGU gave out household should have
toilets but the their own toilet
One of the reasons why households didn’t facilities**
there are still households install it on their
that don’t have their own houses **NOTE: PD no. 856 “Code on
toilets is because they Sanitation of the Philippines”
don’t prioritize it. Community Lead Toilet
Sanitation (CLTS): • Continue the campaigns
trainings to disseminate the responding to the
importance of having their importance of each
own toilet facilities on their household to have their
households own toilet facilities.
Table 26 continued
3. Indiscriminate • Creation of  Continue the strict
disposal of wastes Government monitoring and
- There are still Ordinance Enforcers campaigns
people who just of REAL (GOE
throw their trash REAL) – 2017 –
anywhere. focused on
- Waste due to environmental laws
tourism cause
environmental • Those who are caught
harm. are fined.
• Campaign,
educational drive,
IEC drive (media,
flyers)
The top problem identified by in the FGD and KII is the contaminated water. The
problem with the water is the source. Table 27 shows that out of 7,248 households, there
are 904 or 12.47% who have no access to improved water source. In Barangay Masikap,
the rate for households without access to safe water is still at 100%. One of the reasons
why there are still barangays with no access to safe water is the inaccessibility of the
area.
More than half (50%) of the respondents drink water from the faucet (which
comes from the creek/lake), or they get the drinking water directly from the creek or lake,
their health can be affected and they could get diseases from the contaminated water.
The MHO has been giving away sodium hypochlorite liquid so the people can drop it on
the water to prevent them from drinking contaminated water.

Table 27. Households without access to safe water, by Barangay.
Number of Households without access to improved water

BARAGAY households source*
Magnitude* Proportion**
REAL 7,248 904 12.47
Poblacion I 1,297 46 3.55
(Barangay 1)
Capalong 352 59 16.67
Cawayan 439 30 6.83
Kiloloran 418 56 13.4
Llavac 643 121 18.82
Lubayat 272 22 8.09
Malapad 206 0 0
Maragondon 465 17 3.66
Pandan 247 24 9.72
Tanauan 316 140 44.3
Tignoan 742 115 15.5
Ungos 887 16 1.8
Poblacion 61 562 0 0
(Barangay 2)
Maunlad 121 105 86.78
Bagong Silang 126 1 0.79
Masikap 60 60 100
Tagumpay 95 92 96.678
*Households without access to safe drinking water (piped water into dwelling or bottled
water)
**Total number of households without access to improved sources of drinking water
(piped water into dwelling/yard/plot, public tap/stand pipe, tube well/borehole, protected
or semi-protected dug well, protected water from spring, rainwater and bottled water
provided that the source of water used for other household needs are also from those
mentioned above) over total number of households.

The next problem, which is also one of the most pressing problems in the
municipality is the lack of toilet facilities of some households because it affects not only
the sanitation aspect but also the health and environment. The last problem identified is
there are still people who litter or don’t properly dispose their garbage.
In Real, the MENRO handles the overall collection and disposal of wastes. A
Municipal Solid Waste Management Board was also created through an Executive Order
No. 003-2014 which serves as the policy and decision making body concerning solid
waste management.
Periodic information and education campaign in the form of seminars, dalaw turo
and distribution of reading materials/flyers on SWM are being conducted within the
urban barangays for knowledge dissemination regarding waste management. When it
comes to littering, there are municipal environment aides, which are assigned in the
strategic places to conduct monitoring, reminders and or apprehension to violators.
Basic Education and Literacy in Real
In the problems identified in the household survey (Table 28), financial problems
were the main problem of the households. Due to the insufficiency of money, the parents
cannot enroll their children in schools. For those who are already enrolled, they
respondents said that one of their problems is not being able to provide money for school
projects. However, when they were asked if they would like these school projects to be
lessened, they said no because it still aids in the learning of the students. Another
problem caused by the lack of financial capability is the absenteeism of student when

their parents are not able to give them their daily allowance.
Table 28. Problems on education and basic literacy of Real is facing.

FREQUENCY
PROBLEMS
(n=30)
Lack of financial capability of parents 9
Lack of scholarships 1
No problem 20
The top four consolidated problems on education were shown in Table 29. The
top problem identified in the consolidated data is the lack of teachers in some barangays,
and lack of laboratory equipment and tools in elementary and high school. The lack of
teachers was specified to be the school in Barangay Llavac. Even though they are hiring,
there is no one who has applied for the position. The second problem is the lack of
communication facilities. This is a big problem not only for the education sector but also
for the community members of Real. Currently, the communication signal in Real is very
weak and is unavailable in some areas. There is also no Wi-Fi connection so to be able to
submit reports, teachers and school officials still need to go to other municipalities in
order to connect to the internet. For this problem, the LGU has been allowing
interventions to allow connections for stronger signal however; it might take some time
for that to be done. The third problem is the lack of support of parents for the education
of their children. The teachers and principals have been complaining because they see
this as one of the most pressing issues in their sector. As stated by the teacher, even
though some of the students are enthusiastic to study, the lessons are not properly
instilled to them because of the lack of practice on their houses.

The last problem is the overload of work given to the school officials and
employees. They said they monitor and implement all the programs that the students are
part in so they would like to a better distribution and allocation of work or they would
like a higher salary as compensation for the work that they are given. They also
recommended that it would be better if more sectors would partner with them.
Table 29. Top three problems identified in the area of Basic Education and Literacy
1. Lack of • There are • There should be enough
teachers/inefficient hirings for teachers so the ratio
laboratory teacher between teachers and
materials positions students are
- Lack of SHS however no • Focus on the facilities and
teachers (Brgy. one has applied equipment in schools for a
Llavac) yet. higher quality of
education.
• There should be an
inventory on the facilities
and materials available
and unavailable in the
school.
2. Parents • The teachers • Commitment to
- Most of the parents talk to the responsibilities ng parents.
are not educated so parents to Dapat ay magpasign ng
they are unable to remind them on commitment form sa
help their children. their parents na magiging
- Lax to responsibilities. beneficiary ng 4Ps ang
responsibilities and mga anak.
duties to meetings • There should be a values
education program for the
parents who don’t
encourage their children
to go to school. ** (LGU)

Table 29 continued

3. Communication • Teachers still need • There should be a
- Lack of facilities to go to Infanta to stronger signal and Wi-
- No internet send their reports Fi connection in real
connection not only for better
The LGU is doing communication but
something so there could also to use it for
be stronger signal and tourism
internet connection
however, it might take a
while for that to be done.
4. Overload of Work • They just finish • Good distribution and
what they were allocation of job roles
Overload of work of the tasked to do. (health/dengvaxia, etc.)
school officials because all • They have partners • More sectors should
the monitoring and but the workload is partner with the
implementation of projects still too much. education sector
for the children under their
schools are officiated by
them.
The institutions that provide services for the basic education and literacy sector
can be seen in Table 30. The local government unit gives most of the services. The
government, NGOs, and the community give scholarships but there are still a lot of
children that are not given the opportunity to study because of financial constraints.
Table 30. Services and institutions helping in the basic education and literacy.
Government (Agencies and Scholarships, School Supplies,
Programs) Infrastructure Repair
NGOs Scholarships, Loaning services, Child
Fund

Livelihood and Economic Enterprise
In the household survey, respondents answered some needs and problems they are
facing regarding livelihood and economic enterprise development (Table 31). Majority
answered that there are little or no livelihood opportunities present in the municipality.
Moreover, permanent jobs are hard to find. This is connected with the other identified
problem, financial problems. Due to lack of livelihood opportunities, some respondents
have a hard time sustaining their everyday needs. One respondent also said that they
needed to pay a lot to have a registered business. Another respondents said that albeit
there are many trainings and seminars conducted in their municipality, the continuation
and implementation of these activities are neglected.
Table 31. Problems on livelihood and economic enterprise development that the
municipality of Real is facing.
PROBLEMS REQUENCY (n=30)
Lack of livelihood opportunities 16

Financial problems 4
Too many payments for business registration 1
Trainings and seminars are not continued 1

No problem 8
Table 32 shows that different institutions help the respondents. From the
government, projects, trainings, loaning services, equipment and livestock were given.
There are also services like Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and Sustainable
Livelihood Program available. Meanwhile, there are no services given by non-

government agencies. For the community, loaning services are also available.
Table 32. Services and institutions helping in the livelihood and economic enterprise
development sector.
Government Projects, trainings, loaning services, equipment and
(LGUs, NGAs) livestock animals, 4Ps, at SLP
Community Loaning serices
Problems were also identified during the key informant interviews and focus
group discussion for livelihood and economic enterprise. First is the lack of funds of the
trainees for the livelihood projects. To address this problem, some trainings have start-up
kits to lessen the expenses and the MAO also suggests that they go to financial
institutions for loaning services. It was recommended that there should be a feasibility
study for the possible products that could help the community and that proper
technologies should be given to further develop the products. Second, there is little or no
market for the products. Since there is no constant markets, they cannot sell their
products which results to loss of income. Solutions done by the Local Government Unit
(LGU) is giving these workers a start-up money to revolve but some do not return the
money. For the recommendations, they said that there should be an identified market,
packaging should be enhanced, have a higher funding, and people should get a license
after the training. The LGU should also help in linking the producers to a market. For
their resources, LGU gives trainings and projects. The third problem is the illegal fishing
of Mauban fishermen and their use of dynamite and cyanide. BFAR and LGU already
have patrols and the mayors of Real and Mauban talked about the problem but the
fishermen are stubborn. For the recommendations, there should have values formation of
the organizations, a Memorandum of Agreement should be established, and stricter
establishment of law enforcers. Lastly, the need for equipment of fishermen and farmers.
The LGU has given them some hook, line and battery. Also, boats are given but it takes a
lot of time. For the recommendations, other equipment should still be given like sprayer,
insecticide, boat, and farm-to-market road.
Table 33. Top four problems identified in the area of livelihood and economic enterprise
development based on the consolidated data.
1. Lack of funds of • Trainings have • There should be a
the people to start-up kits feasibility study for
continue the • Access to financial the possible
livelihood project institutions like livelihood products
loaning services, • Proper technologies
COOP, at 5’6 are should be given to
given develop the products
(e.g. coconut, kopra,
seafood)*
2. Lack of market for • Help from the LGU • There should be a
the products but was not constant market
- No constant market sustained • Improved packaging
- Competition in the • People get their of the products
community – the start-up money • Higher funding
same products are from the money • People who attend
produced they allocate for the trainings should
food get license for the
product
• Only licensed people
can sell the product
• Persuade younger
people to join the
trainings
• Linking of producers
to market*

Table 33 continued

3. Dynamite, cyanide, •
BFAR helps in • Values formation of
and illegal fishing patrolling but the organizations
of Mauban fishermen are • Memorandum of
fishermen stubborn Agreement should
• Patrols of LGU be established
• Mayors of the two • Stricter law
municipalities talked enforcers
already
4. Lack of equipment • Some equipment • Equipment like
of farmers and have been given sprayer, tools,
fishermen (hook and line, insecticide, boat,
battery) tractor and farm-to-
• Boats are given but market road should
it takes time be given
*Recommendations from the researchers
Majority (87%) of the respondents said that they have no problem regarding
disaster risk reduction. However, there are few (13%) respondents who said that they
have problems. They said that they lack information on what should be done before and
during a specific disaster, they lack food, boats, and that their plants are destroyed if there
are disasters (Table 34).
Table 34. Problems on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation that the
municipality of Real is facing.
PROBLEMS FREQUENCY (n=30)
Lack of information on disaster preparedness 1
Lack of food 1
Lack of boats 1
Crops are damaged during disasters 1
No problem 26

There are also different institutions who help the community. The government
helps through warning the community, providing relief goods, rescue team, equipment
materials, building sea walls, and conducting drills and seminars. They also get relief
goods from NGOs. Community helps in cleaning the aftermath, providing relief goods
and medications (Table 35).
Table 35. Services and institutions helping in the disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation sector.
INSTITUTION SERVICES
Government (NGAs, Warnings, relief goods, rescue team, materials for building
LGUs) houses, building of seawall, rescue equipment, seminar and
drills
NGOs Relief goods
Community Cleaning of the environment after the disaster, Church
gives goods, relief goods, free medication
There are also problems identified during the key informant interviews and focus
group discussion for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation. First is the
geographic characteristic of Real. Most (80-90%) of the area is highly susceptible for
landslide so there are only limited areas ideal for building houses. The LGU already
provided 30 households as a resettlement area. The making of e-CLUP will also help in
addressing the problem. They have recommended that there should be a specific
relocation area and organize a relocation program with other government agencies. Also,
they need a higher funding for building relocation areas. Second, the area of Real is land
locked, therefore there are only limited areas for resettlement. To address this problem,

they have already provided preliminary relocation for some families, used their existing
CLUP, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) provided
intervention. They recommended that Protected Area Management Board (PAMB)
should give them clearance so that they can develop some area as relocation sites. Third
problem is that there is no barangay level counterpart for Local Disaster Risk Reduction
Management (LDRRM). To address the barangay level counterpart, there are barangay
action officers. To address this, there are barangay action officers assigned per barangay.
However, most assigned officers lack knowledge with their work because the work is just
added to their existing roles. This makes them dependent to the Municipal Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO). MDRRMO already provided trainings and
seminars, developed contingency planning, and Incident Command System to help the
officers. They recommended that there should be an LDRRM Officer per barangay and
that these officers should be knowledgeable so that they wouldn’t be dependent on
MDRRMO.
Table 36. Top three problems identified in the area of disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation based on the consolidated data.
PROBLEMA SOLUSYON REKOMENDASYON
1. Geographic • 30 households • Identified relocation

characteristic of relocated to the area
Real – existing resettlement area • Organize a
terrain • Making of e- relocation program
CLUP with other
- 80%-90% of the area government
is highly susceptible agencies
to landslide • Need for higher
funding

Table 36 continued

2. Land locked • Preliminary • Clearance from PAMB
area of Real relocation of for relocation
families (Barangay
Limited areas for Tanauan)
resettlement • Use of CLUP
• Intervention from
DENR
3. LDRRM has no • Barangay Action • LDRRM Officer per

barangay level Officer (limited barangay
counterpart work) • Stricter enforcement
• Trainings (BLS) • Point persons should be
- Lack of and seminars knowledgeable so they
knowledge of • Contingency don’t depend on
barangay point planning MDRRMO
persons • ICS (Incident • Full commitment to job
(dependent on Command System)
MDRRMO) • CBMS
- • Importance of
BAOs’ role

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
For the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, majority (80%) of
the respondents were female. All of the respondents are in the working age population.
Majority of the respondents are married or are living with a partner. The values for their
educational attainment are around the same but the elementary graduates have the highest
percentage (27%). Almost half (47%) of the respondents are unemployed, housewives,
pensioned, or are supported by other family members.
The results of the monthly expenses of the households are similar to the Family
Income and Expenditure Survey (2012). The households spend more money on food,
second on electricity, third on water and housing, fourth on education, and lastly
communication. The 2012’s Family Income and Expenditure Survey, 42.8% of the
families allot more on food second on housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels,
third on education, and lastly communication.
Based on the primary and secondary data gathered, the researchers identified the
top three problems as well as the past and current solutions being done in the
municipality and recommendations that were mentioned by the survey respondents, FGD
participants and interviewees.
Real has 14 barangay health stations and two private medical clinics. There are

still barangays with no health stations. These barangays are those who are in far flung
areas already so they still have to go to nearby barangays for their check-ups or when
they are sick.
Out of 4,355 population of children aged 0-5, a total of 319 are malnourished
(Socio-Physical Economic Profile and Development Plan of Real, Quezon, 2017). The
LGU regularly provides a feeding and deworming program for children to lessen the rate
of malnutrition. BHWs also monitor the status of the malnourished children and pregnant
women in their areas. From the household survey, they identified that the problems that
they see in the health and nutrition sector is the absenteeism of doctors/nurses/midwives
in the health center while the other problem identified is the lack of medicines in the
barangay health centers. There are institutions that provide materials and services to them
to help, majority coming from the LGU.
For the problems identified on the FGDs and interviews, the top problem was that
there are still pregnant women who give birth in their own houses instead of giving birth
in the lying in. The current solution for this is the municipality was the home visitation of
the nurses to convince the pregnant mothers to avoid traditional birthing method. Second
problem is that malnourished children do not go to the feeding programs that are
organized by the MHO. The government has given solutions to this problem like giving
out letters and even providing transport services for the children. The last of the three
problems is the lack of manpower in the departments and offices given the load of work
that they have. One of the constraints also identified in the MNAP 2017, is the human

resource. Poorly utilized MAO or MHO. They also lack of barangay nutritionists that
could focus on nutrition.
Generally, the respondents said that the state of water and sanitation in Real is
satisfactory. Only a few people said that they had problems regarding the sector.
The top problem identified by in the FGD and key informant interviews is the
contaminated water. One of the reasons why there are still barangays with no access to
safe water is the inaccessibility of the area.
Since more than half of the respondents drinks water from the faucet (which
comes from the creek/lake), or they get the drinking water directly from the creek or lake,
their health can be affected and they could get diseases from the contaminated water. The
MHO have been giving away Sodium Hypochlorite liquid so the people can drop it on
the water so it could prevent them from drinking contaminated water.
The next problem, which is also one of the most pressing problems in the
municipality is the lack of toilet facilities of some households because it affects not only
the sanitation aspect but also the health and environment. Real still have no access to
sanitary toilet facilities. The stated reasons for this are informal settlers, financial problem
and landowners who do not allow construction of a toilet facility.
The last problem identified is there are still people who litter or do not dispose
their garbage properly. It was observed by the researchers that those who do not have
their garbage collected by the garbage truck provided by the municipality are those
households that are two far from the main road or the designated areas for garbage
collection therefore, they tend to just burn or bury their garbage. Not all the barangays in
Real have their garbage collected.
In the problems identified in the household survey, financial problems were the
main problem of the households. Due to the insufficiency of money, the parents cannot
enroll their children in schools. For those who are already enrolled, they respondents said
that one of their problems is not being able to provide money for school projects.
The top problem identified in the consolidated data is the lack of teachers in some
barangays, and lack of laboratory equipment and tools in elementary and high school.
The lack of teachers was specified to be the school in barangay Llavac. Even though they
are hiring, there is no one who has applied for the position. The second problem is the
lack of communication facilities. This is a big problem not only for the education sector
but also for the community members of Real. Currently, the signal in Real is very weak
and is unavailable in some areas. There is also no Wi-Fi connection so to be able to
submit reports, teachers and school officials still need to go to other municipalities in
order to connect to the internet. For this problem, the LGU has been allowing
interventions to allow connections for stronger signal however; it might take some time
for that to be done. The third problem is the lack of support of parents for the education
of their children. The teachers and principals have been complaining because they see

this as one of the most pressing issues in their sector. As stated by the teacher, even
though some of the students are enthusiastic to study, the lessons are not properly
instilled to them because of the lack of practice on their houses. They recommend that
there should be values education program for the parents.
The last problem is the overload of work given to the school officials and
employees. They said they monitor and implement all the programs that the students are
part in so they would like to a better distribution and allocation of work or they would
like a higher salary as compensation for the work that they are given. They also
recommended that it would be better if more sectors would partner with them.
The top two sources of income in Real are fishing and farming. However, based
on the respondents’ answers, livelihood like teaching, construction, business, and
horticulture are more abundant than fishing and farming. Businesses like sari-sari store,
carinderia, and resorts are present in the community.
According to the respondents, half (50%) said that there are no livelihood projects
in the community while the other half (50%) said that there are or there were. The
livelihood projects were funded by the local government and cooperatives. With those
who have livelihood projects, one third (30%) are employed while the other one third
(33%) are business owners. Some of the resources (i.e. rafting, seafood, fish) that are
present in the community also help them with their work.

Despite having these resources, there are still problems with the livelihood in the
community. In the household survey, more than half (53%) of the respondents have
identified that one of their problems is the lack of livelihood opportunities in the
municipality. In the KII and FGD conducted, the lack of funds to continue the livelihood
project is one of the problems identified. There have been solutions to address this
problem but some said that it was not enough. Second problem is the lack of market for
the products that they make. There should be a link between the market and the producer
to help the community. They also identified the illegal fishing of Mauban fishermen.
Although the mayors of the two municipalities have agreed, the fishermen are still
continue to do illegal fishing. They have suggested that a memorandum of agreement
should be done. Lastly, they also identified that fishermen and farmers lack equipment.
The LGU has given them some equipment but it is not enough for them.
The most common calamity that hits Real is typhoon. With the answers of the
respondents, they said that the common hazard faced by their household are limited jobs
(63%), changes in climate (60%) and also stronger typhoons (53%). Respondents also
said that the disasters are less frequent and are getting weaker. Disasters have affected the
different sectors of the community. The top answer of the respondents is that disasters
scare the females, males, children, and elders.
During and after disasters, there are organizations and institutions (i.e. barangay
officials, national government agencies) that provide assistance to the community. Most

(93%) also said that their community is prepared with any kind of disaster. They have
evacuation center (100%), early warning system (93%), disaster response team (89%),
and boat and other rescue equipment (86%).
In the household survey, many (87%) of the respondents said that they have no
problem regarding disaster risk reduction. Those who said that there are stated that they
lack information on disaster preparedness, food and equipment. Problems were also
identified during the key informant interviews and focus group discussion. The first
problem is the geographic characteristic of Real. Due to this problem, there are only
limited space where people can build houses that are not susceptible to landslide.
Relocation area has already started. Second problem is Real being a land locked area.
Again, there are only limited areas for resettlement. They recommended that PAMB
should give them clearance for the relocation sites. Third is the problem with the
barangay level counterpart. There are assigned barangay action officers but most lack
knowledge with the assigned job. The LDRRMO wants the barangays to be independent
and prepared but because of the lack of knowledge of the action officers, they still
become dependent. Trainings, seminars, developed contingency planning and Incident
Commend System were done to address the problem. But they recommended that there
should be knowledgeable LDRRM Officer per barangay and not just assigned action
officers.
With the conduct of CNA, the researchers were able to know the current situation
of the municipality. Solutions done to address the problems were also assessed by the
researchers. Furthermore, recommendations were formulated per focus area.

The results of the CNA will be helpful to the e-CEST program because it can
align its activities to the needs and problems of Real, Quezon. It can also serve as the
bases in designing appropriate interventions for the municipality in the future. It can also
provide information necessary in asking assistance from other government agencies and
non-government organizations.

CHAPTER VI
RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommendations of the community for the health and nutrition sector are the
following:
 More frequent visit of doctors and nurses in the barangay health centers instead of
once a week;
 Pregnant women should go to municipal health center; and
 There should be medicines available in the barangay health centers.
Moreover, the researchers recommend the following:
 Strict monitoring on malnourished children;
 More IEC on pregnant women; and
 There should be hiring of health workers.
There were not a lot of problems identified by the community people and even more
problems were identified by the municipal health workers. They recommended that the
pregnant women should be monitored so their children could also get proper vaccinations
that are being provided by the LGU. Pregnant women can be knowledgeable with their
state through IEC drives. The researchers also recommend that the medical missions
should be continued to lessen the malnutrition rate in Real. Stricter enforcement of
making the beneficiaries (i.e. malnourished children) go to the programs should be
implemented.

The recommendations of the community for the health and nutrition sector are the
following:
 Strict implementation in requiring households to have toilets;
 Disinfection from the source and improved water source; and
 Enforcement of waste segregation.
There were two main problems that were identified in the water and sanitation sector.
These are the lack of toilet facilities of some households and contaminated water. There
are still some areas that don’t have access to water, especially those in the far flung areas.
The researchers recommend that all barangays should have access to clean water. For the
lack of toilet facilities, there should be continuous warnings and seminars to the
community on the importance of having their own toilets because it can also affect their
health. Proper waste segregation should also be monitored especially on tourist
destinations (i.e. resorts, falls).
The recommendations of the community for the basic education and literacy sector
are the following:
 There should be enough materials and equipment for the laboratories to
supplement the learning of the students;
 There should be a values education program for parents who do not encourage
their children to go to school; and

 Internet connection should be stronger.
In the validation of results meeting, it was recommended that DOST graduates should
apply as teachers to address the problem with lack of teachers. Also, to avoid the
overload of work of teachers, their roles and functions aside from their existing roles as
teachers should be defined.
The researchers also highly recommend that there should be faster internet connection
and better signal because it can produce higher productivity of the employees and the
community. It can also help on the tourism and livelihood of Real. There should also be a
deeper inventory on the available materials in the schools to know what is needed for the
students.
Since some children are not able to go to school because they lack financial
capability, the researchers recommend that the LGU could partner with other institutions
to provide more scholarship opportunities for the youth.
For the livelihood sector, the community recommended that:
 There should be a feasibility study done first for a livelihood project;
 There should be a constant market of the products from Real; and
 Appropriate technologies and equipment should be provided.
The researchers also recommend that the producers should be linked to available
markets to help them generate income. Moreover, the livelihood project should be

appropriate to the municipality therefore there should be feasibility studies first before
implementing a possible product.
The existing products of Real can also be strengthened. Products like walis tambo and
cookies can further be enhanced through its packaging. The Pasalubong Center can also
be reconstructed so that their products can be bought at one place. This will also help in
attracting tourists.
Since community said that the municipality lack livelihood opportunities, the
researchers recommend that the LGU should focus on giving job opportunities too. The
identification of possible livelihood products should also be prioritized because it will not
only help the people but also the municipality. In the validation of results meeting, patis
and bagoong were identified as the possible livelihood product of Real.
The ecotourism in Real is also a source of livelihood. However, there should be strict
monitoring of the registered businesses on whether they follow the laws. Resorts often
neglect proper waste disposal. If not prioritized, it can results to degradation of the
environment.
Last focus area is the disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The
community also recommended that there should be a/an:
 Continue to work closely with government agencies who can help them
identify a suitable relocation area;
 Higher funding for building of relocation sites; and
 DRRM Officer per barangay that are knowledgeable in DRRM.

The researchers also recommend that barangays should have appropriate
equipment for disaster and should be knowledgeable on using it. They should allocate a
part of their budget to disaster risk reduction. Trainings and drills with reenactment on
specific disasters should also be conducted. This is to help the people know what should
be done during the disaster.
Moreover, according to the officers in the MDRRMO, trainings should also be
attended by the younger generations so that they will also be knowledgeable and not be
dependent on the MDRRMO.

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Philippine Statistics Authority. (2014). 2012 Family Income and Expenditure Survey
Final Report. Retrieved May 8, 2018 from
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2012%20FIES%20%28Final%20Report%29.
pdf.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2015). Poverty Statistics of the Philippines (Full

Year 2015). Retrieved April 30, 2018 from
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20Full%20Year%20Official%20Pover
ty%20Statistics%20of%20the%20Philippines%20Publication.pdf.
The Philippine Star. (2016). Philippines still fastest growing motorcycle market in
Asean. Retrieved April 30, 2018 from
https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/03/15/1563248/philippines-still-fastest-
growing-motorcycle-market-asean.
World Bank. (2015). The international poverty line has just been raised to $1.90 a
day, but global poverty is basically unchanged. How is that even possible?
Retrieved March 7, 2018 from

http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/international-poverty-line-has-just-
been-raised-190-day-global-poverty-basically-unchanged-how-even
World Bank. (2016). Poverty Overview. Retrieved March 7, 2018 from

http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview.

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. Survey Questionnaire

\

APPENDIX 2. Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview Matrix
PROBLEMA SOLUSYON TAGAPAGPAGANAP REKOMENDASYON YAMAN
PAST CURRENT

APPENDIX 3. Focus Group Discussion Grid Analysis
BANTA/ ANTAS NG ANTAS NG KABUUANG RANGGO

PROBLEMA PANGANGAILANGAN KADALIAN SA BILANG
NG PAGLUTAS NG PAGLUTAS NG (AXB)
PROBLEMA O PROBLEMA O
URGENCY (A) FEASBILITY
(B)

APPENDIX 4. Focus Group Discussion Attendance Sheets

APPENDIX 5. List of Key Informants
NAME OF KEY POSITION AND

SECTOR
INFORMANT ORGANIZATION/INSTITUTION
1. Hon. Diana Abigail Mayor, Municipality of Real, General
Aquino Quezon (Government)*
2. Leo James Portales Municipal Social Work and Services General
Offices, Real, Quezon (Government)*
3. Rommel Poblete MSTO, Real Quezon General
(Government)
4. Edna Oñate Tourism Officer, Real, Quezon Livelihood
5. Evangeline Paril MAO, Real, Quezon Livelihood
6. Noime Azcarraga SB Councilor, Real, Quezon Livelihood
7. Dr. Maricris Marquita- Municipal Health Officer, Health and
Uy Panukulan, Quezon Nutrition/Water and
Sanitation
8. Janette R. Santiago SB Councilor for Health and Health and Nutrition
Nutrition/Social Service
9. Danilo Morales Sanitation Inspector, Real, Quezon Water and Sanitation
10. Luzviminda Buerano District Supervisor, Real, Quezon Education
11. JM De Leon LDRRMO, Real, Quezon DRR and CCA
12. Brian Potestades MENRO, Real, Quezon DRR and CCA
13. Vincent Peñamente Focal Person, Real, Quezon DRR and CCA

APPENDIX 6. List of Secondary Data
1. Municipal Socio-Economic Profile and Development Plan

2. Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2002-2022
3. Municipal Nutrition Action Plan 2017
4. List of Registered Business in Real, Quezon (April 2018)
5. Contingency Plan for Landslide
6. Hazard Maps

APPENDIX 7. Courtesy Call Documentation
Practicumers and Dr. Visco with MPDC Practicumers and Dr. Visco with
staff Ma’am Thesa and Mayor Bing Barangay Captain of Kiloloron.
Aquino.
Practicumers with Municipal Practicumers with Municipal Health

Agriculture Officer Ma’am Vangie. Officer Dr. Cris

APPENDIX 8. Household Survey Documentation

APPENDIX 9. Focus Group Discussion Documentation
FGD of the Basic Education and Literacy FGD of the Health and Nutrition
FGD of the Livelihood sector FGD of the DRR/CCA sector

APPENDIX 10. Key Informant Interview Documentation
KII with the MSTO, Rommel Pobete KII with the Sanitation Officer,
Danilo Morales
KII with the MENRO, Brian Potestades KII with the Mayor, Diana Abigail Aquino

Appendix 11. CNA Validation Documentation
Dr. Emilia Visco doing the opening remarks Sam explaining the results of the CNA
for the validation
Working lunch with the LGU representatives Photo op with the participants of the CNA
and DOST IV-A Validation

APPENDIX 12. Focus Group Discussion Matrix Containing All Problems Identified for each sector
FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION

Health and Nutrition & Water and Sanitation
New Municipal Office
April 5, 2018
KAYAMANAN / RESOURCES
ISYU O PROBLEMA SOLUSYON O TAGAPAGPAGANAP REKOMENDASYON
INTERVENTIONS Mayroon Kailangan
Family Planning  MOOA  LGU May binibigay Proper budget
- hindi bumibili  Schools ang gobyerno allocation
ng pills (infrastructures)
- sinasadya na
hindi bumili
Some people still don’t There is an ordinance  LGU
segregate their wastes for waste segregation
Some households still May binigay na toilets  LGU Dapat ay may sari-sarili
don’t have their own pero hindi parin  MHO na silang toilets per
toilets ipinagawa ng mga household para din sa
households sanitation
May mga nanganganak Pinupuntahan at  DepEd Kailangan ay sa center
sa bahay instead na sa sinasabihan yung sila pumunta para
lying in mga nanay ng mamonitor ang nanay at
BHWs anak

Immunization Meron naman  LGU Immunization
- May mga hindi immunizations  MHO injections and
naga-avail ng available, medicine
free sinasabihan
immunization nalang sila na
dahil sa takot or pumunta
ayaw
Hindi napunta yung - Pinapapunta  LGU Kailangan ay

mga malnourished na yung mga bata  MHO magparticipate ng mga
bata sa feeding sa center bata para mamonitor
programs - Binibigyan ng ang weight nila
letters yung
mga pwede
magparticipate
- May service
ang barangay
para mahatid
sundo ang bata
ANTAS NG PANGANGAILANGAN NG PAGLUTAS NG ANTAS NG KADALIAN NG PAGLUTAS NG PROBLEMA

PROBLEMA (URGENCY (FEASIBILITY)
1. No family planning and teenage pregnancy 5

2. Panganganak sa Bahay 2
3. Mga hindi nagpaparticipate sa feeding programs 4
4. Sanitation (no discipline in waste segragation and 1

households that still don’t have toilets)
5. Lack of participation in Immunizations 3

Social Hall, Real Central Elementary School
April 9, 2018
ISYU O PROBLEMA SOLUSYON O TAGAPAGPAGANAP REKOMENDASYON
INTERVENTIONS Mayroon Kailangan
Topic sa STARBooks  DOST  Dapat lahat ng
- Mostly for high  Schools schools may
school lang STARBooks
 Magkaron ng
sariling
STARBooks ang
Real Central
Elementary School
Infrastructure repair  MOOA  LGU May binibigay Proper budget
- Pili lag ang  Schools ang gobyerno allocation
pwede for (infrastructures)
MOOA

Walang potable water  DepEd
sa school  Schools
Overload of work  DepEd  Good distribution

- Lahat ng  Schools and allocation of
monitoring at  Other job roles
implementation departments ng (health/dengvaxia,
(feeding, government etc.)
tungkol sa  Maraming sector
disaster, sa ang maka-partner
health) for kids, for education
under schools
Kulang ng teachers sa  May hiring ng  DepEd
SHS (Llavac) teachers
4Ps  Guro ang  DSWD  Bigyan ng parusa
- Walang nagaabono  Schools yung mga hindi
intervention ang nagbabayad na
4Ps para sa parents
hindi
sumusunod na
beneficiaries
- Hindi
nagbabayad (o

ginagamit para
sa school) ang
beneficiaries ng
4Ps
Kulang ng materials,  DepEd Equipment, facilities,

facilities, equipment sa  LGU laboratory
elementary at high
schools (laboratory
equipment)
Parents  Parents education is
- Most of the needed
parents are not  Magkaron ng
educated kaya programa ang
hindi barangay para sa
nakakatulong sa magulang na tamad
students magpapasok
- Lax to  Commitment to
responsibilities; responsibilities ng
duties to parents
meetings  Magkaron ng
- Pagbabasa ng values education
bata (very poor para sa parents
income families) (LGU)
– hindi
naiimplement
dahil sa
kakulangan ng
support from
families
Communication  LGU  Dapat ay may Internet
- Lack of facilities  DepEd stronger signal at Communication
- Mahinang internet connection
internet
connection
Teachers’  DepEd
empowerment
- Bawal pagalitan
ang students
kaya nawawalan
ng control ang
teacher
Students  Nagkaron ng
- Lack of interest interventions for
- Insufficient reading
reading comprehension
comprehension pero hindi
effective
Security issues  LGU  Magkaron ng
CCTVs for schools
(from LGU)

5. Mahinang internet connection 5

6. Parents 6
- Most of the parents are not educated kaya hindi
nakakatulong sa students
- Lax to responsibilities; duties to meetings
- Pagbabasa ng bata (very poor income families) – hindi
naiimplement dahil sa kakulangan ng support from
families
7. Security issues 9
8. 4Ps 7
- Walang intervention ang 4Ps para sa hindi sumusunod na
beneficiaries
- Hindi nagbabayad (o ginagamit para sa school) ang
beneficiaries ng 4Ps
9. Kulang ng materials, facilities, equipment sa elementary 3
at high schools (laboratory equipment)
Walang potable water sa school

10. Overload of work 8
- Lahat ng monitoring at implementation (feeding, tungkol
sa disaster, sa health) for kids, under schools
11. Infrastructure repair 4

- Pili lag ang pwede for MOOA
12. Teachers’ empowerment 10
- Bawal pagalitan ang students kaya nawawalan ng control
ang teacher
13. Kulang ng teachers sa SHS (Llavac) 2
14. Students 11
- Lack of interest
- Insufficient reading comprehension
15. Topic sa STARBooks 1
- Mostly for high school lang

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptatiom
Municipal Office (New Building)
March 26, 2018
ISYU O SOLUSYON O TAGAPAGPAGANAP REKOMENDASYON
PROBLEMA INTERVENTIONS Mayroon Kailangan
Conflict with UP  Sumulat sa  Barangay  Sana maibigay
System kinauukulan  LGU na ang lupa sa
barangay
 Hindi saktan ng
mga police ng
UP ang
mamamayan
 Wag gibain ang

mga bahay
 Sagutin ang
letter
Walang potable water  Plans to be  LGU  Magkaron ng

pag may baha implemented  Barangay potable water
Pagbaha  May ginagawang  Barangay  1% of  Farm-to-
mini-hydro  LGU IRA market roads
 May tinayong (BIGAD) para sa
harang (sea wall)  Radio malalayong
 May radio o text  First aid lugar
kapag may kit  Supporta ng
disaster gobyerno
 Bumababa ang (funds)
mga nakatira sa
taas kapag may
baha
Yung basura ay  Nangongolekta ng  Barangay  Magkaron ng
nadadala ng baha basura  LGU maayos na
 Nagbabahay- pagtapon ng basura
bahay ang sambahayan
Hindi disiplinado ang  May penalties na  Barangay
mga tao binibigay

Kulang sa sasakyan  Tricycle ang  Barangay  Magkaron ng mga Sasakyan kada
na magdadala sa sumusundo sasakyan barangay
evacuation center (rescue)
Land construction ay  LGU

hindi ganon ka-ready
sa disaster
Hindi ginawa o  Ituloy ang mini-
sinunod ang proposed hydro
mini-hydro
Kulang ng training  DRR  Magkaron ng
ang mamamayan  LGU training para
 Barangay maging aware ang
mamamayan
 Demonstrations ng
mga maaaring
mangyari pag may
sakuna

16. Land construction ay hindi ganon ka-ready sa disaster 8
17. Pagbaha 2
18. Walang potable water pag may baha 5
19. Kulang sa sasakyan na magdadala sa evacuation center 3
20. Hindi disiplinado ang mga tao 6
21. Kulang ng training ang mamamayan 7
22. Conflict with UP System 9
23. Yung basura ay nadadala ng baha 4
24. Hindi ginawa o sinunod ang proposed mini-hydro 1

Livelihood and Agriculture
Municipal Agriculture Office
March 19, 2018
ISYU O SOLUSYON O TAGAPAGPAGANAP REKOMENDASYON
PROBLEMA INTERVENTIONS Mayroon Kailangan
Tumutulong ang  BFAR (Quick Values formation ng
BFAR ngunit pabali- Response Team) organizations
balik pa rin (Mauban  LGU
fisherfolks)
Patrol ng LGU
Pagtatanim  Cooperative Kailangan ng land size Land

 Municipal (DENR – sinasabing
Pagaani Agriculture illegal) for agriculture
Office
Binibigyan ng abono,  DA
pampataba ng niyog  Municipal
Agriculture
Office
Pagbibigay ng  LGU Bangka Bangka
bangka ngunit  DSWD
matagal
May port

Training sa paggawa  Agricultural Pakuhanin ng lisensya
ng sabon, Training Institute yung mga nagte-
dishwashing, buko (ATI) training
pie, meat processing
Lisensyado lang ang
pwedeng magtinda
Mas hikayatin ang mga

bata para mag-training
Nabigyan ng  LGU Kailangan ng - Hook - Sprayer
kaunting kagamitan kagamitan gaya ng - Line - Tools
- Hook and sprayer, tools, - Battery - Insecticide
line, battery, insecticide, bangkang - Lambat - Bangkang
lambat kahoy, tractor at farm- kahoy
to-market road - Tractor
- Farm-to-
market road
Magkaroon ng factory
Magkaron ng investor
- Business na
bibili o kukuha
ngb mga
paninda

POSSIBLE LIVELIHOOD PROJECT PRIORITIZATION NOTES
Walis tambo Seasonal
Virgin Coconut Oil REACOFA – kailangan ng
pangkayod at pampiga
Sinantulan Seasonal
Nata de Coco
Coco jam
Bukayo 1 Strengthen
Pakumbo 1 Strengthen
Squid processing (dried, etc.) 2


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University of the Philippines Los Baños

College of Human Ecology

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon1

BARIL, SAMANTHA GABRIELLE R.

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta i

Samantha Gabrielle R. Baril, or as her family and

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta ii

SAMANTHA GABRIELLE BARIL

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta iii

Daniella K. De Peralta or known as Ella, is the

youngest child of Rose Nanette and Julius De Peralta. She

was born on the 2nd of August 1997 in Santa Cruz, Laguna.

She finished her primary and elementary at Capitol View

Christian School. She found passion in football during her

elementary and continued playing it until high school. She

was then included in the Special Science Curriculum (SSC)

section in Pedro Guevara Memorial National High School.

Growing up, her parents had always expressed their

mga Mag-aaral ng Teknolohiyang Panlipunan – UPLB (STP-UPLB). She experienced

everything that she does is worth it.

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta iv

To my super classmates Alex, Jam, Christian, my friends Enah, Kirjee, Yanee,

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta v

To batch Lepidolite, I never expected us to be this close. I am lucky to have you

Most importantly, to God, because I will never accomplish anything if I were to

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta vi

4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta viii

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta ix

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta xi

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta xii

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta 1

Purchasing Power Parity is produced (World Bank, 2015). There is difficulty in

poverty in all its forms everywhere.”

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta 2

Philippine government has developed different interventions to alleviate poverty. Some

of these are the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery

of Services (Kalahi-CIDSS), KALIPI and Sustainable Livelihood Program of the

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Accelerated and Sustainable

Anti-Poverty Program (ASAPP) of National Economic Development Authority (NEDA),

to support national development (DOST, 2015).

One of the programs of DOST is the Community Empowerment through Science

Nutrition; 2) Water and Sanitation; 3) Basic Education and Literacy; 4)

Livelihood/Economic Enterprise; 5) Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta 3

Enhanced CEST program (e-CEST) which is being implemented in the Geographically

Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA).

Objectives of the Study

Quezon given the areas of focus of the e-CEST program.

Specifically, it aimed to:

1. determine the key socio-economic and demographic characteristics of

households in Real, Quezon;

2. discuss the current situation of the communities, with focus on needs,

management/climate change adaptation; and e) livelihood / economic

problems in the communities; and,

4. provide recommendations towards the development of the municipality of

Real, Quezon in terms of the identified focus areas.

Community Needs Assessment in Real, Quezon: Baril and De Peralta 4

A community needs assessment (CNA) is a social research conducted to have a

problems of the municipality. It can be used as a baseline information in formulating