Keys Coupling

DESIGN OF
KEYS AND COUPLING

KEYS:
- to prevent relative rotation of a shaft and
the member to which it is connected.
Choice of Installation depends in the following

factors:
1. Power requirements
2. Tightness of fit
3. Stability of connection
4. cost
Types of Key:
1. Square key
2. Flat key
3. Taper key with Gibhead
4. Kennedy key
5. Woodruff key
6. Spline fitting
Square Key:
- common in general industrial machinery
Flat Key:
- used where added stability of the
connection is desired, as in machine tools.
Tapered key with Gibhead
- the width is uniform and the height of
the key is tapered by 1/8 inches per ft.
- Gibheads are used to facilitate removal.
Kennedy Key
- used for heavy duty and consists of two
keys.
Woodruff Key
- requires a key seat formed by a special
side-milling cutters. This key will align
itself in the key seat
Spline Fittings
- composed of splined shaft formed by
milling and maiting hub with internal
splines formed by broaching. The splines
in reality are a number of keys integral
with the shaft.
Stresses in Key:
P=2πTN
T = Ft rs
Ssk = Ft/bL
(shear) T = SskbL(Ds)/2
compression T = Sck(t)LDs/4
Design of Flat KEy
Problem:
1. )
A cast-iron pulley is to be keyed to a 2 ½ inches shaft
and it is to transmit 100 hp at 200 rpm. A flat key of
cold-drawn C1020 is to be used. The drive is
expected to be subjected to quite minor vibrations,
so that the design factor of 1.75 appears reasonable.
Specify a suitable length of the key in inches, from
(a.) shear and (b.) compression.
Solution:
From table AT7, C1020 cold-finished
C1020 - Sy = 66 ksi
Since the key is under shear and

compression as specified:
Sd = 0.6 Sy
Solution
Design stresses are:
Shear:
Ss = Sd/FS = 0.6 (66,000) / 1.75
Ss = 22.63 ksi
Compression:
Sc = 66 ksi / 1,75
Sc = 37.7 ksi
Solution:
Transmitted torque:
T = 63000 hp / n = 63,000 (100) / 200
T = 31,500 In-lbs = 31.5 kips
From Table AT19
we choose:
b = 5/8 t = 7/16 for 2 ½ inches shaft
Solution:
(a.) finding the L in shear:
L = 2T/(SskbDs) = 2(31.5) / 22.63 ( 0.625)(2.5)

L = 1.78 inches
(b.) finding the L in compression:
L = 4T / (ScktDs) = 4(31.5) / 37.7 (0.4375)(2.5)

L = 3.06 inches
Solution:
Final Answer:
*
Use L = 3 inches with 5/8” x 7/16” cross-section
Practice Problem:
A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected

to a lineshaft with a power of 125 KW at a
speed of 900 rpm. If the shearing stress of the
shaft is 40 Mpa and the key to be 22 Mpa.
Determine the length of the rectangular key in
mm, if the width is ¼ that of the shaft diameter.
COUPLING
Coupling
- mechanical device which is used to
connect lengths of shafting permanently.
Types of Coupling:
 Rigid Couplings
◦ Flange couplings
◦ Sleeve or collar couplings
 Flexible Couplings
◦ Oldham couplings
◦ Chain coupling
◦ Disk coupling
◦ Hydraulic coupling
◦ Universal joints
RIGID COUPLING
- Flange coupling
- Sleeve or collar coupling
Rigid Couplings:
- are used when the shafts are virtually
collinear and when they should remain in
a fixed angular relation with respect to
each other. Simply they do not allow
angular, axial or rotational flexibility.
RIGID COUPLING
Flange Coupling
- It consist of two halves
of flanges connected to
each other by bolts.
RIGID COUPLING
Sleeve or Collar Coupling

- Is a cylindrical
collar pressed
over the ends of
two collinear
shafts.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
- Oldham coupling
- Chain coupling
- Flexible disk coupling
- Flexible gear type coupling
- Hydraulic coupling
- Universal joints
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Oldham coupling
- This coupling may be used to connect
shafts that have lateral misalignment.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Chain coupling
- the two opposing hubs are made with
integral sprockets over which a double
roller chain is fitted.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Flexible disk coupling
- An all metal coupling with the intermediate
flexible elements between thin steel disks.
Bending of the disk permits misalignments.
Double disk Single disk

FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Flexible gear type coupling
- is a mechanical device for transmitting
torque between two shafts that are not
collinear. It consists of a flexible joint fixed
to each shaft. The two joints are connected
by a third shaft, called the spindle.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Hydraulic coupling
- Composed of a primary, or input,
element called the impeller and a secondary,
or output, element called the runner. The
enclosed fluid provides the connection
between the impeller and the runner.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
Universal Joints
- Is used to connect shafts whose axes
intersect, that is, whose angular
misalignment is permanent.
Stresses in Flange Coupling:
P = 2πTN
F = total transmitted load on bolts
= T/(Dbc/2) Dbc = diameter of bolt circle
Fb = F / no. of bolts
Fb = total force on bolts
where:
F = force per bolt
Stresses in Flange Coupling
Shear stress on bolts, Ssb = Fb / Ab
= Fb/(πdb2/4)
Compressive stress on bolts, Sc = Fb/tdb
where:
db = diameter of the bolt
t = thickness of flange
Sample Board Problem (1):
A flanged bolt coupling has ten steel 25.4

mm diameter bolts evenly tighten around
a 415 mm bolt circle. Determine the
torque capacity of the connection in KN-
m, if the allowable shearing stress in the
bolt is 50 Mpa.
Answer:
Given:
Ssb = 50 Mpa
Dbc = 415 mm
db = 25.4 mm
Ssb = Fb / Ab
50,000 KN/m2 = Fb / (π/4)(0.0254)2
Fb = 25.335 KN
F = Fb x no. of bolts Torque = F ( Dbc/2)

= 25.335 x 10 = 253.35 (0.415/2)
F = 253.35 KN T = 52.57 KN.m
Sample Board Problem (2):
The total force of 125 KN is required for

a flange coupling that has 5 bolts and has
also a shearing stress of 30 Mpa for bolt.
Determine the required bolt diameter in
mm?
Answer:
Given:
Fb = 125 KN
No. of bolts = 5
Ssb = 30 Mpa
Fb = F / no. of bolts Ssb = Fb / Ab

= 125,000 N / 5 bolts 30 N/mm2 = 25,000N / (π/4)db2
Fb = 25,000 N db = 32.57 mm
Practice Board Problem:
A flange coupling has an outside diameter
of 200 mm and connects two 40 mm
shafts. There are four 16 mm bolts on a
140 mm bolt circle. If the torsional stress
in the shaft is not to exceed 26 Mpa,
determine the shearing stress in the bolts
in MPa, if uniformly distributed and the
factor of safety assuming the bolts has
yield strength of 10 Mpa. Sys = 0.6 Sy
end

Keys Coupling

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Keys Coupling

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DESIGN OF

KEYS AND COUPLING

Choice of Installation depends in the following

Since the key is under shear and

T = 31,500 In-lbs = 31.5 kips

From Table AT19

L = 2T/(SskbDs) = 2(31.5) / 22.63 ( 0.625)(2.5)

(b.) finding the L in compression:

L = 4T / (ScktDs) = 4(31.5) / 37.7 (0.4375)(2.5)

A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected

Sleeve or Collar Coupling

Double disk Single disk

Fb = total force on bolts

A flanged bolt coupling has ten steel 25.4

F = Fb x no. of bolts Torque = F ( Dbc/2)

The total force of 125 KN is required for

Fb = F / no. of bolts Ssb = Fb / Ab

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