JYOTHI

IRRIGATION SYSTEM
M.JYOTHI
17BT5A0114
CONTENTS
vINTRODUCTION
vTYPES OF IRRIGATION
vSURFACE IRRIGATION
vWATER APPLICATION MATHOD
vSPRINKLER IRRIGATION
vDRIP IRRIGATION
vLIFT IRRIATION
vREFERENCE
vCONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Irrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water by
artificial means to agricultural fields for crop production. If water
available to the plants from rainfall is not sufficient, it is
supplemented by irrigation water.
In order to achieve this objective, an irrigation system is required

to be developed that involves planning, design, construction,
operation and maintenance of various irrigation works:
•Source: River, Reservoirs

•Control structure: Barrages, Head Regulators
•Distribution system: Irrigation Canals
Types of Irrigation
SURFACEIRRIGATION
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
DRIP IRRIGATION
LIFT IRRIGATION
SURFACE IRRIGATION
ØSurface irrigation is defined as the

group of application techniques
where water is applied and
distributed over the soil surface by
gravity.
ØIt is by far the most common form of
irrigation throughouht of the world.
SURFACE IRRIGATION
TYPES OF SURFACE
IRRIGATION
qBasin irrigation
qBorder irrigation
qFurrow irrigation
Basin irrigation
ØBasin irrigation is the most common form
of surface irrigation, particularly in
regions with layouts of small fields.
ØIf a field is level in all directions, is
encompassed by a dyke to prevent
runoff, and provides an undirected flow
of water onto the field, it is herein called
a basin.
ØA basin is typically square in shape but
exists in all sorts of irregular and
rectangular configurations.
BASIN IRRIGATION
Suitable crops for basin irrigation
ØPaddy rice grows best when its roots are

submerged in water and so basin irrigation is
the best method to use for this crop.
ØNot suited to crops which cannot stand in wet
or waterlogged conditions for periods longer
than 24 hours (e.g. potatoes, beet and carrots,
etc.)
Suitable soil for basin irrigation
• Loamy soils are preferred for basin irrigation so
that waterlogging (permanent saturation of the
soil) can be avoided (which can occur on clayey
soils).
• Coarse sands are not recommended for basin
irrigation as, due to the high infiltration rate,
percolation losses can be high.
Direct method of water application
ØIrrigation water is led
directly from the field
channel into the basin
through bundbreaks.
ØIn the following
figure"Basin a" is irrigated
first, then "Basin b" is
irrigated and so on.
ØThis method can be used
for most crop types and is
suitable for most soils.
Cascade method
• In the following figure the
water is supplied to the
highest terrace (a.1) and is
allowed to flow through
terrace a.2 until the lowest
terrace (a.3) is filled.
• The intake of terrace a.1 is
then closed and the
irrigation water is diverted to
terrace b.1 until b.1, b.2 and
b.3 are filled, and so on.
Border irrigation
• Border irrigation can be
viewed as an extension of
basin irrigation to sloping,
long rectangular or
contoured field shapes,
with free draining
conditions at the lower
end.
Furrow Irrigation
• Furrow irrigation avoids flooding the entire field surface
by channeling the flow along the primary direction of the
field using ‘furrows,’ ‘creases,’ or ‘corrugations’.
• Water infiltrates through the wetted perimeter and

spreads vertically and horizontally to refill the soil
reservoir.
Furrow Irrigation
Sprinkler Irrigation
• Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water
which is similar to natural rainfall.
• Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by

pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers
so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the
ground.
Sprinkler irigation
Drip irrigation
• Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and
involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-
20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic
pipes fitted with outlets called emitters or drippers.
• Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the
soil in which the roots grow is wetted, unlike surface and
sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil
profile.Suitable for high value row crops.
DRIP IRRIGATION
LIFT IRRIGATION
• water is lifted from lower level to higher level
with the help of pumps and other equipment.
Construction of dams and canals helped
tremendously to increase the irrigated area
lying at lower level than the dam level, but
scarcity of water remained the problem for
higher level areas. So as to bring higher level
area under irrigation L.I.S. are taken up. The
8% of Maharashtra irrigation is occupied by lift
irrigation.
REFERENCE
• Irrigation Engineering and
Hydraulic Structures
• Santosh Kumar Garg
• Khanna Publishers
CONCLUSION
ØConsiderable progress has been made in the development
of irrigation scheduling methods and there is a gradual
increase in the adoption of irrigation scheduling tools by
farmers.
ØThe technology level of the farm will determine the choice
of the irrigation scheduling method. Industry farms and
farms with high value cash crops are more likely to adopt
and invest in sophisticated scheduling methods.
ØThe support and collaboration of the expert irrigation
adviser will determine the rate of success in the adoption of
the irrigation scheduling technology.

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM

In order to achieve this objective, an irrigation system is required

•Source: River, Reservoirs

ØSurface irrigation is defined as the

ØPaddy rice grows best when its roots are

• Water infiltrates through the wetted perimeter and

• Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by

• Santosh Kumar Garg

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