Transcription and Translation Narrative

TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION - Contains codons
- RNA molecules is exactly identical to

Transcription- synthesis of mRNA by a DNA
the sense strand (ORIGINAL DNA
template by RNA polymerase.
MOLECULE 5’-3’ STRAND) except for
Translation- synthesis of polypeptides on the the presence of U instead of T.
ribosomes.
3’-5’ anti-sense or template strand
- Used in transcription
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF TRANSCRIPTION - mRNA and sense strand are
AND TRANSLATION? compliment to anti sense
- contains anti-codons
These processes is significant for the creation
of polypeptides that forms proteins.
CODON- 3 base sequences of mRNA
ANTI-CODON- 3 base sequences of tRNA
3 Main Types of RNA:
1. mRNA- found on cytoplasm and nucleus START CODON- AUG (METHIONINE)

STOP CODON- UAA, UAG, UGA
- delivers genetic information from
DNA to ribosomes.
3. TERMINATION
2. tRNA - found on cytoplasm and nucleus Occurs when RNA polymerase crosses the
transcription terminator, it is a hairpin
- delivers amino acid to ribosomes to
loop structure causing RNA polymerase
build a polypeptides or proteins.
and mRNA strand to dissociate in the
3. rRNA- found on nucleus and ribosomes DNA.
- combines with proteins to make

ribosomes. TRANSLATION PROCESS
RIBOSOMES or the free ribosomes of the

cytoplasm is the site of translation. It has
TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS 2 parts the large part which is called the
NUCLEUS is the site of transcription since it is 60s subunits and the smaller part which is
where you find the DNA. the 40s subunits. 40s subunits is where
initiation happens while elongation
1. INITIATION happens in 60s subunits. 60s subunits
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region. have also 2 major sites/parts namely the P
This signals DNA to unwind. site and the A site.
2. ELONGATION P site- holds the peptide chain
RNA polymerase reads the unwounded DNA A site- accepts tRNA

stand and builds mRNA molecules on the
sense strand using complementary base pairs.
1. INITIATION
5’-3’ sense or coding strand
- Not used as a template for

transcription, used ONLY AS A
DIRECTION FOR TRANSCRIPTION
5’ to 3’ of mRNA binds in the small 40s
subunits of ribosomes along with methionyl
tRNA. AUG a starting codon must be
recognized in order for translation to begin.
2. ELONGATION ASSIGNMENT: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ON

A ¼ SHEET OF PAPER.
Methionyl tRNA occupies P site while
aminoacyl tRNA with an anti-codon occupies FRONT OF THE PAPER (Transcription)
the A site. (Remember that methionyl tRNA is
together with mRNA, met tRNA serves as a 1. Synthesis of mRNA is in what direction?
vehicle for mRNA to be transported inside the 2. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase
ribosomes). The enzyme peptidyl-transferase binds to?
forms peptide bonds between Methionine
(methionine or AUG a starting codon is found 3. When RNA polymerase reaches a sequence
on the mRNA present in the P site together of nucleotides on the DNA called the
with met tRNA) and aminoacyl tRNA thus transcription terminator, it causes the RNA
synthesizing the whole strand. polymerase and mRNA to dissociate from
DNA.
3. TERMINATION
TRUE OR FALSE?
One of the 3 stop codons enters the A site.
(The A site is the one who recognizes the stop 4. RNA polymerase copies the template
codon because basically mRNA that contains strand of DNA making single-stranded mRNA
the codons is found in the P site). No tRNA complementary to the DNA template.
binds to these codons so the peptides and TRUE OR FALSE?
tRNA in the P site becomes hydrolyzed
releasing the polypeptides in the cytoplasm. 5. The complimentary messenger RNA strand
that would be synthesized from DNA base
The small and large subunits of ribosomes sequence CTAG would be?
dissociate for the next translation process.
6. The synthesis of messenger RNA is called
translation.
Genetic Code- sequence of DNA or RNA that TRUE OR FALSE?
determines the amino acid sequence of
proteins. 7. Synthesis of a new strand of mRNA is in the
3’ to 5’ direction.
TRUE OR FALSE?
8-10. ENUMERATE THE THREE TYPES OF RNA

WITH COMPLETE MEANING. EXAMPLE mRNA:
what do you mean by m? M….. RNA.
BACK OF THE PAPER (Translation)
1. Give the codons that translates for aspartic

acid
2. If mRNA contains the base sequence

CUGACUAGGUCCGGA
a. give the amino acid sequence of the
polypeptide
b. give the base sequence of the DNA anti-

sense strand from which the mRNA was
transcribed
3. If mRNA contains the base sequence

ACUAAC give the base sequence of the DNA
sense strand.
4. Give the amino acids present in the DNA

strand below
DNA: ACGTTACGGATTACAGTCCCAAACTAC

Transcription and Translation Narrative

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TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION - Contains codons

- RNA molecules is exactly identical to

1. mRNA- found on cytoplasm and nucleus START CODON- AUG (METHIONINE)

- combines with proteins to make

RIBOSOMES or the free ribosomes of the

2. ELONGATION P site- holds the peptide chain

RNA polymerase reads the unwounded DNA A site- accepts tRNA

- Not used as a template for

2. ELONGATION ASSIGNMENT: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ON

8-10. ENUMERATE THE THREE TYPES OF RNA

BACK OF THE PAPER (Translation)

1. Give the codons that translates for aspartic

2. If mRNA contains the base sequence

b. give the base sequence of the DNA anti-

3. If mRNA contains the base sequence

4. Give the amino acids present in the DNA

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