4
4
4
Pipe Identification.
Fatigue Failures.
1 18 - 22
2 27 - 32
3 38 - 45
Tensile strength of new pipe is the minimum yield strength x cross sectional
area of pipe body
Example
5” OD E grade IEU NC50 drill pipe
Nominal Size
5”OD
Nominal Weight
Approximate Weight.
NC50 41/2 IF
5 XH
41/2 WO
Flat
Crest Designated as V-0.038R
.065” and mates with the V-
V Thread Form .038” 0.065 thread form.
Round
Root
TOOL JOINTS AND UPSETS
EXTERNAL UPSET ( EU )
INTERNAL UPSET
( IU )
INTERNAL-EXTERNAL UPSET
( IEU )
Pins usually have 350 tapered shoulders Boxes usually have 180 tapered shoulders
PIN BOX
IDENTIFICATION
TONG AREA
2. MONTH WELDED.
G 6 95 B E 3. YEAR WELDED.
SAMPLE MARKINGS
AT BASE OF PIN. 4. PIPE MANUFACTURERS SYMBOL.
SLOT
NO MARKINGS
SLOT
GROOVE
STANDARD WEIGHT HEAVY WEIGHT HEAVY WEIGHT HIGH STANDARD WEIGHT HIGH
GRADE G105 DRILL PIPE GRADE G105 DRILL PIPE STRENGTH DRILL PIPE STRENGTH DRILL PIPE
DRILLING TUBULAR
CLASSIFICATION AND CONDITION
Tool Joint Condition Bands
* Colour bands on the pipe are for presentation purposes only and do not represent a class or condition.
DRILLING TUBULAR FUNCTIONS
The BHA
Near Internal
Upsets
Compression
Tension
100
80 Box End
% 60
40
20 Pin End
0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
Distance From Box and Pin Ends (Inches)
DRILLING TUBULAR TYPES OF
FATIGUE FAILURES
BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY CONNECTION FAILURE
SOLUTION
Stress Relief
Groove on Pin
Bore back on
Box
PROBLEM
9” OD x 3” ID
9” OD x 3” ID
For routine drilling or very low failure rate experience, keep (SR) below 5.5
For severe drilling or significant failure rate experience, keep (SR) below 3.5
Drill Pipe Fatigue Failure
Cracks form by
fatigue and grow Fatigue is the
with each greatest cause
revolution
of drill string
failure
TENSION FAILURE TORSION FAILURE
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE
Simultaneous Tension
Reduces Torsional Yield DRILLER STARTS
Strength in Pin Weak ROTATING PIPE.
Connections
DRILLER STARTS
PULLING ON PIPE.
EXCESSIVE TORQUE
CAUSES PIN TO BE
SCREWED INTO BOX
PIPE IS TORN UNTIL IT FAILS IN
APART WHEN PULL TENSION.
EXCEEDS LOAD
CAPACITY.
Simultaneous Torsion
Reduces The Drill Pipe
Tube Tensile Capacity
EXCESSIVE
TORQUE
Belled
Split
Thread Profile Gauge Box
Box
Stretched Threads
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE
CONNECTION WASHOUTS
Helical Pathways in
Thread Root.
Washouts
Fatigue Failure
DRILLING TUBULAR
CORROSION
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE: Is weaker and less corrosive than Carbonic Acid when
dissolved in water. However a more significant problem is the effect known as Hydrogen
Embrittlement or Sulphide Stress Cracking.
OXYGEN: Causes rusting and pitting leading to washouts, twistoff’s and fatigue failure.
CARBON DIOXIDE: When dissolved in water forms a weak solution of Carbonic Acid
that corrodes steel in the same manner as other acids. When present with Oxygen
corrosion rate is higher than the individual corrosion rates.
Corrosive Environment
THE PROBLEM IS :
Expose to air.
H2s, chloride, CO2.
Corrosive fluids.
Nicks and gouges.
PREVENTION:
Keep the pipe clean.
Use wipers on trips.
Keep all set back areas clean.
BHA Connection Fatigue
Causes of Failure:
• Poor make up.
• Over or under torque.
• Over size hole can cause
buckling.
• Thread and shoulder
damage, stabbing and
handling.
Tension Failure
Causes:
• Over pull.
• Jarring
• Weight indicator not
calibrated properly.
• Wrong pipe
specifications for well
conditions.
• Inattention by crew.
Example Calculation
Answer:
• Load capacity =
• 4.15x 105,000lbs =
436l,150Lbs
Frictional Torque
Buckling Behaviour
Torsion Failure
Look for:
• Stretched pins.
• Swollen boxes.
• Thread damage.
• Key points.
• Low Ph.
• No corrosion scavengers
in
the mud.
• Failure occurs in high
tensile components.
• Protection required
especially around tool
joint areas.
Split box failure
Causes:
• Under torque.
• Improper doping.
• Shoulder damage/
handling.
• Improper cleaning.
• Miss match on
connections.
MECHANICAL FAILURES
MUD
JARS MOTORS
BITS
HOLE IBOP’s
OPENERS
SAFETY
VALVES
OTHERS
MWD
TOOLS
SHOCK UNDER
REAMERS
SUBS
Mechanical Failure
Components at risk:
• Safety valves
• Kelly cocks
• Hole openers
• Jars
• MWD tools
• Mud motors
Causes of failure:
• Improper maintenance
• Poor operation practices
• Not correctly rated
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE
Causes:
• Torquing up on pipe
body.
• Running to bottom
without fill.
• Maximum pipe pulling
with pipe empty.
Welding Related
Causes of failures:
• Ledges.
• Under gauge hole.
• In adequate design in the
weld procedures.
DRILLING COMPONENT
FAILURES
WELDING
Causes:
Very
Low
Environment Design
GOOD Handling FAILURE Inspecting GOOD
SCALE
Very
High
Design FAILURE
Inspecting SCALE
BAD
Environment
Handling