College of Law

Ateneo de Davao University

Jacinto Street, 8000 Davao City

Course Number: JD 207 Semester Offered: First

Course Title: Sales School Year: 2021-2022
Units: 2 Mode: Online Classes
Pre-Requisite: Obligations and Contracts Schedule: Tues & Thurs
Professor: Atty. Jazzie M. Sarona-Lozare 6 to 7 pm

A. Course Description: This course deals with the study of a contract of sale, as covered in Book
IV, Title VII of the New Civil Code of the Philippines. It includes basic concepts of sale and all
aspects thereof, from the negotiation stage, to perfection stage, and up until the extinguishment. It
also involves examination and analysis of applicable jurisprudence. This subject will also include
special laws involving contracts of sale.

B. Course Objective/s: At the end of the course, the student is expected to:
1. Have a sound knowledge and understanding of the basic concepts applicable to contracts of
sale
2. Distinguish a contract of sale from other types of contracts
3. Identify the respective rights and obligations of the parties in a contract of sale, as well as the
remedies available in case of breach
4. Acquire and develop the necessary skills in interpreting and applying the law to specific
situations
5. Develop analytical and responsive approach in the study of law
6. Observe honesty and integrity in the application of law

C. Course Policies: The students should strictly comply with these policies:
1. Take the Quizzes on the specified date and time
2. Submit all written requirements on the specified date and time. Late submission will result to
deductions.
3. Always ready when called upon during synchronous lectures
4. Ensure that video and microphone are working at all times. While there is no need to turn on
the video and microphone at all times during synchronous lectures, the same must be working
as the student may be called anytime during the synchronous lectures
5. Students shall attend to class decently dressed and must be in a proper disposition.
6. Observe honesty and integrity at all times

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 D. Course Outline (with Case List)

PART I : CONCEPT OF SALE

I. BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Contract of Sale (Article 1458)
a. Acap vs. CA - 251 SCRA 30 (GR No. 118114, December 7, 1995)
b. Toyota Shaw vs. CA – (GR No. 116650, May 23, 1995)
c. Polytechnic University vs. CA – 368 SCRA 691 (GR No. 143513, Nov. 14. 2001)
2. Stages in the life of Contract of Sale
a. San Miguel Properties vs. Spouses Huang - 336 SCRA 737 (GR No. 137290, July 31,
2000)

II. ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTRACT OF SALE

1. Nominate and Principal
2. Consensual
a. Villanueva vs. PNB – (GR No. 154493, Dec. 6, 2006)
b. Quijada vs. CA - 299 SCRA 695 (GR No. 126444, December 4, 1998)
c. Vda. De Ape vs. CA – 456 SCRA 193 (GR No. 133638, April 15, 2005)
d. Laforteza vs. Machuca – 333 SCRA 643 (GR No. 137552, June 16, 2000)
3. Bilateral and Reciprocal
a. Cortes vs. Court of Appeals - 494 SCRA 570 (GR No. 126083, July 12, 2006)
4. Onerous
a. Gaite vs. Fonacier - 2 SCRA 831 (GR No. L-11827, July 31, 1961)
5. Commutative
a. Buenaventura vs. CA - 416 SCRA 263 (GR No. 126376, Nov. 20, 2003)
6. Sale is Title and Not Mode
a. San Lorenzo Development Corp. vs. CA, - (G.R. No. 124242, Jan. 21, 2005)
b. Equatorial Realty vs. Mayfair Theater, Inc. - 370 SCRA 56 (GR No. 133879, Nov.
21, 2001)

III. DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER TRANSACTIONS/CONTRACT

1. Barter (Articles 1638, 1468)
2. Donation (Article 725)
3. Contract for Piece of Work (Article 1467)
a. Inchausti vs. Cromwell - 20 Phil 345 (GR No. 6584, October 16, 1911)
b. Celestino Co vs. Collector - 99 Phil 841 (GR No. L-8506, August 31, 1956)
c. Engineering Machinery Corp. vs. CA - 252 SCRA 156 (GR No. 52267, January 24,
1996)
d. Dino vs. Court of Appeals – (GR No. 113564, June 20, 2001)
e. CIR vs. CA and Ateneo - 271 SCRA 605 (GR No. 115349, April 18, 1997)
4. Agency to Sell
a. Quiroga vs. Parsons Hardware Co. - 38 Phil. 501 (G.R. 11491, August 23, 1918)
b. Puyat & Sons., Inc. vs. Arco Amusement Co. - 72 Phil. 401 (GR No. 47538, June 20,
1941)
c. Ker & Co., Ltd. vs. Lingad - 38 SCRA 524 (GR No. L-20871, April 30, 1971)
d. Schmid and Obery vs. RJL Martinez - 166 SCRA 493 (GR No. 75198, Oct. 18,
1988)
e. Victorias Milling Co. v. CA - 333 SCRA 663 (GR No. 117356, June 19, 2000)
5. Distinguished from Payment by Cession
6. Distinguished from Dacion En Pago (Art. 1245)
a. PNB vs. Pineda - 197 SCRA 1 (GR No. 46658, May 13, 1991)
b. Lo vs. KJS – 413 SCRA 182 (GR No. 149420, October 8, 2003)
c. Aquintey vs. Tibong - 511 SCRA 414 (GR No. 166704, Dec. 20, 2006)
d. Yuson vs. Vitan - 496 SCRA 540 (AC No. 6955, July 27, 2006)

7. Distinguished from Lease

a. Filinvest vs. CA - 178 SCRA 188 (GR No. 82508, Sept. 29, 1989)
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 8. Distinguished from Contract to Sell
a. Almira vs. CA – (GR No. 115966, March 20, 2003)
b. Montecalvo vs. Heirs of Primero – (GR No. 165168, July 9, 2010)
c. Reyes vs. Tuparan – (GR No. 188064, June 1, 2011)
d. Diego vs. Diego – (GR No. 179965, February 20, 2013)
e. Spouses Valenzuela vs. Kalayaan Development – (GR No. 163244, June 22, 2009)
f. Coronel vs. CA – 263 SCRA 15 (GR No. 103577, October 7, 1996)
g. United Muslim vs. BRYC-V Development Corp. – (GR No. 179653, July 31, 2009)
h. Spouses Reyes vs. Salvador, Sr. – (GR No. 139047 & 139365, September 11, 2008)
i. Spouses Serrano vs. Caguiat – (GR No. 139173, February 28, 2007)
j. Nabus vs. Pacson – (GR No. 161318, November 25, 2009)
k. Olivarez vs. Castillo – (GR No. 196251, July 9, 2014)
l. Spouses Godinez vs. Spouses Norman – (GR No. 225449, Feb. 26, 2020)
m. Ace Foods, Inc. vs. Micro Pacific – (GR No. 200602, December 11, 2013)
n. Spouses Beltran vs. Spouses Cangayda – (GR No. 225033, Aug. 15, 2018)

PART II : ELEMENTS OF A CONTRACT OF SALE

I. CONSENT
1. Minors, Insane or Demented Persons, Deaf-Mutes
a. Labagala vs. Santiago - 371 SCRA 360 (GR No. 132305, Dec. 4, 2001)
b. Francisco vs. Herrera – (GR No. 139982, November 21, 2002)
2. Sale By and Between Spouses
a. Heirs of Reyes vs. Mijares – 410 SCRA 97 (GR No. 143826, August 28, 2003)
b. Guiang vs. CA - 291 SCRA 372 (GR No. 125172, June 26, 1998)
c. Ainza vs. Sps. Padua – (GR No. 165420, June 30, 2005)
d. Spouses Fuentes vs. Roca – (GR No. 178902, April 21, 2010)
e. Spouses Aggabao vs. Spouses Parulan – (GR No. 165803, Sept. 1, 2010)
f. Pelayo vs. Perez – (GR No. 141323, June 8, 2005)
g. Abalos va. Macatangay, Jr. - 439 SCRA 64 (GR No. 155043, Sept. 30, 2004)
h. Calimlim-Canullas vs. Fortun - 129 SCRA 675 (GR No. 54799, June 22, 1984)
3. Others Relatively Disqualified (Article 1491)
a. Guardians, Agents and Administrators
i. Philippine Trust Co. vs. Roldan - 99 Phil 393 (GR No. L-8477, May 31, 1956)
ii. Distajo vs. CA - 339 SCRA 52 (GR No. 112954, August 25, 2000)
iii. Cui vs. Cui - 100 Phil. 913 (GR No. L-7041, Feb. 21, 1957)
b. Attorneys
i. Rubias vs. Batiller – (GR No. L-35702, May 29, 1973)
ii. Valencia vs. Cabanting - 196 SCRA 302 (AC Nos. 1302, 1391, 1543, April 26,
1991)
iii. Director of Lands vs. Ababa - 88 SCRA 513 (GR No. L-26096, Feb. 27, 1979)
iv. Conjugal Partnership of the Spouses Cadavedo vs. Lacaya – GR No. 173188
(January 15, 2014)
v. Peña vs. Delos Santos – (GR No. 202223, March 2, 2016)
vi. Daroy vs. Abecia - 298 SCRA 172 (AC No. 3046, Oct. 26, 1998)
vii. Ramos vs. Ngaseo – (AC No. 6210, Dec. 9, 2004)
viii. Ricardo, Jr. vs. Go – (AC No. 12280, September 16, 2020)
c. Judges
i. Gan Tiangco vs. Pabinguit - 35 Phil. 81 (GR No. 10439, Oct. 17, 1916)
ii. Macariola vs. Asuncion - 114 SCRA 77 (AC No. 133-J, May 31, 1982)
d. Others
i. Frenzel vs. Catito - 406 SCRA 2003 (GR No. 143958, July 11, 2003)
ii. Taina Manigque-Stone vs. Cattleya Land – (GR No. 195975, September 5, 2016)
4. Republic Act 3872
a. Akang vs. Municipality of Isulan – (GR No. 186014, June 26, 2013)

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 II. SUBJECT MATTER
1. Existing, future and Contingent
a. Sibal vs. Valdez - 50 Phil. 512 (GR No. 26278, Aug. 4, 1927)
b. Pichel vs. Alonzo - 111 SCRA 341 (GR No. L-36902, January 30, 1982)
2. Licit
a. Tañedo vs. CA – 322 Phil. 84 (GR No. 104482, January 22, 1996)
b. Heirs of Arturo Reyes v. Socco-Beltran – (GR No. 176474, Nov. 27, 2008)
c. Martinez vs. Court of Appeals – (GR No. L-31271, April 29, 1974)
3. Determinate or At Least Determinable
a. Heirs of Juan San Andres vs. Rodriguez – (GR No. 135634, May 31, 2000)
b. Melliza vs. City of Iloilo - 23 SCRA 477 (GR No. L-24732, April 30, 1968)
c. Atilano vs. Atilano - 28 SCRA 231 (GR No. L-22487, May 21, 1969)
d. NGA vs. IAC, 171 SCRA 131 (GR No. 79970, March 8, 1989)
e. Schuback & Sons vs. CA - 227 SCRA 719 (GR No. 105387, Nov. 11, 1993)
4. Obligation to Transfer Ownership
a. Alcantara-Daus vs. de Leon - 404 SCRA 74 (GR No. 149750, June 16, 2003)
b. Nool v. CA - 276 SCRA 149 (GR No. 116635, July 24, 1997)
c. Heirs of San Miguel vs. CA – (GR No. 136054, Sept. 4, 2001)

III. PRICE
1. Price must be Real
a. Price Simulated
i. Mapalo vs. Mapalo – 17 SCRA 114 (GR No. L-21489, May 19, 1966)
ii. Vda. De Catindig vs. Heirs of Roque – 74 SCRA 83 (GR No. L-23777, Nov. 26,
1976)
iii. Sps. Lequin vs. Sps. Vizconde – (GR No. 177710, Oct. 12, 2009)
iv. Heirs of Intac vs. CA – (GR No. 173211, Oct. 11, 2012)
b. Price is “False”
c. Non-Payment of Price
i. Balatbat vs. CA – 261 SCRA 128 (GR No. 109410, Aug. 28, 1996)
2. Must be in Money or its Equivalent
a. Bagnas vs. CA – 176 SCRA 159 (GR No. L-38498, August 10, 1989)
b. Ong vs. Ong – 139 SCRA 133 (GR No. L-67888, October 8, 1985)
c. Republic vs. PRDC – 102 PHIL 960 (GR No. L-10141, January 31, 1958)
3. Must be Certain or Ascertainable at Perfection
a. Villanueva vs. CA – 267 SCRA 89 (GR No. 107624, January 28, 1997)
b. Moreno, Jr. vs. Private Management Office – 507 SCRA 63 (GR No. 159373, Nov.
16, 2006)
4. Manner of Payment of Price ESSENTIAL
a. Navarra vs. Planters – 527 SCRA 561 (GR No. 172674, July 12, 2007)
b. Amado vs. Salvador – (GR No. 171401, Dec. 13, 2007)
c. Bank of Commerce vs. Manalo – (GR No. 158149, February 9, 2006)
5. Inadequacy of Price Does Not Affect Ordinary Sale
a. Bravo-Guerrero vs. Guerrero – (GR No. 152658, July 29, 2005)
b. Director of Lands vs. Abarca – 61 PHIL 70 (GR No. 38581, Dec. 18, 1934)
c. Cometa vs. CA – (GR No. 141855, February 6, 2001)
d. Hulst vs. PR Builders, Inc. – (GR No. 156364, September 3, 2007)

PART III : FORMATION OF CONTRACT OF SALE

I. POLICITACION
1. Option Contract
a. Tayag vs. Lacson – 426 SCRA 282 (GR No. 134971, March 25, 2004)
b. Adelfa Properties vs. CA – 240 SCRA 565 (GR No. 111238, Jan. 25, 1995)
i. Meaning of Separate Consideration
1. Villamor vs. CA – 202 SCRA 607 (GR No. 97332, Oct 10, 1991)
2. Bible Baptist vs. CA – (GR No. 126454, November 26, 2004)

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 ii. No Separate Consideration
1. Sanchez vs. Rigos – 45 SCRA 368 (GR No. L-25494, June 14, 1972)
2. Diamante vs. CA – 206 SCRA 52 (GR No. L-51854, February 7, 1992)
3. PNOC vs. Keppel – (GR No. 202050, July 25, 2016)
iii. Proper Exercise of Option Contract
2. Right of First Refusal
a. PUP vs. Golden – (GR 183612, March 15, 2010)
b. Ang Yu Asuncion vs. CA – 238 SCRA 602 (GR No. 109125, Dec 2, 1994)
c. Equatorial vs. Mayfair – (GR No. 106063, November 21, 1996)
d. Parañaque Kings vs. CA – 268 SCRA 727 (GR No. 111538, Feb 26, 1997)
e. Vazquez vs. Ayala Corp. – 443 SCRA 231 (GR No. 149734, Nov. 19, 2004)
f. Rosencor vs. Inquing – (GR No. 140479, March 8, 2001)
g. Tanay Recreation vs. Fausto – (GR No. 140182, April 12, 2005)

II. PERFECTION STAGE

1. Absolute Acceptance of a Certain Offer
a. Heirs of Ignacio vs. Home Bankers – (GR No. 177783, January 23, 2013)
2. When “Deviation” Allowed:
a. Villonco vs. Bormaheco – 65 SCRA 352 (GR No. L-26872, July 25, 1975)
3. Sale by Auction
4. Earnest Money
a. Manila Metal Container vs. PNB – (GR No. 166862, December 20, 2006)
b. First Optima vs. Securitron – (GR No. 199648, January 28, 2015)
5. Difference Between Earnest Money and Option Money
a. Oesmer vs. Paraiso – 514 SCRA 228 (GR No. 157493, February 5, 2007)
FORMAL REQUIREMENTS OF SALE
1. Form not Important for Validity of Sale
a. Dalion vs. CA – 182 SCRA 872 (GR No. 78903, February 28, 1990)
b. Naranja vs. CA – (GR No. 160132, April 17, 2009)
2. When Form Important in Sale
a. To Bind Third Parties
b. For Enforceability between the Parties: Statute of Frauds
i. Claudel vs. CA – 199 SCRA 113 (GR No. 85240, July 12, 1991)
ii. Estrellado vs. Presiding Judge – (GR No. 164482 & 211320, Nov. 8, 2017)
iii. Spouses Alfredo vs. Spouses Borras – 404 SCRA 143 (GR No. 144225, June 17,
2003)
c. For Validity: Sale of Realty through Agent, Authority must be in Writing

III. CONSUMMATION
A. Obligations of Seller
1. Santos vs. Santos – 366 SCRA 395 (GR No. 133895, Oct. 2, 2001)
2. Dy, Jr. vs. CA – (GR No. 92989, July 8, 1991)
3. Addison vs. Felix – 38 PHIL 404 (GR No. 12342, August 3, 1918)
4. Spouses Santiago vs. Villamor – (GR No. 168499, November 26, 2012)
5. Equatorial vs. Mayfair – (GR No. 133879, November 21, 2001)
6. La Fuerza vs. CA – 23 SCRA 1217 (GR No. L-24069, June 28, 1968)
B. Delivery / Special Rules
1. Designer Baskets vs. Air Sea Transport – (GR No. 184513, March 9, 2016)
2. Behn Meyer vs. Yangco – (GR No. 13203, Sept. 18, 1918)
3. David vs. Misamis Occidental – (GR No. 194785, July 11, 2012)
4. Arcaina vs. Ingram – (GR No. 196444, February 15, 2017)
C. Double Sale
1. Spouses Roque vs. Aguado – (GR No. 193787, April 7, 2014)
2. Carbonell vs. CA – 69 SCRA 99 (GR No. L-29972, January 27, 1976)
3. Pagaduan vs. Spouses Ocuma – (GR No. 176308, May 8, 2009)
4. Uraca vs. CA – (GR No. 115158, September 5, 1997)
5. De Leon vs. Ong – (GR No. 170405, February 2, 2010)
6. Rosaroso vs. Soria – (GR No. 194846, June 19, 2013)

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 7. Spouses Vallido vs. Spouses Pono – (GR No. 200173, April 15, 2013)
8. Spouses Domingo vs. Spouses Manzano – GR No. 201883 (Nov. 16, 2016)
9. Calma vs. Lachica, Jr – (GR No. 222031, November 22, 2017)
10. Fudot vs. Cattleya Land – (GR No. 171008, September 13, 2017)
11. Agustin vs. De Vera – (GR No. 233455, April 3, 2019)
12. Spouses Sabitsana, Jr. vs. Muertegui – (GR No. 181359, August 5, 2013)
D. Obligations of Buyer

PART IV : DOCUMENTS OF TITLE

A. Types of Documents of Title and its Warranties
B. Delivery through Carrier

PART V : SALE BY NON-OWNER OR BY ONE HAVING VOIDABLE TITLE

A. Aznar vs. Yapdiangco – 13 SCRA 486 (GR No. L-18536, March 31, 1965)
B. Tagactac vs. Jimenez – 53 OG 3792
C. EDCA vs. Santos – 184 SCRA 614 (GR No. 80298, April 26, 1990)

PART VI : LOSS, DETERIORATION, FRUITS AND OTHER BENEFITS

A. Chrysler vs. CA – 133 SCRA 567 (GR No. 55684, December 19, 1984)
B. Lawyer’s Coop vs. Tabora – 13 SCRA 762 (GR No. L-21263, April 30, 1965)

PART VII : REMEDIES IN CASE OF BREACH

A. Remedies of Buyer
1. First United vs. Bayanihan Automotive – (GR No. 164985, January 15, 2014)
B. Ordinary Remedies of Seller
C. Special Remedies of Unpaid Seller of Goods
1. Possessory Lien
2. Stoppage in Transitu
3. Special Right of Resale
4. Special Right to Rescind
D. Sale of Movable on Installments – Article 1484 (Recto Law) (also 1485, 1486)
1. Levy vs. Gervacio – 69 PHIL 52 (GR No. 46306, October 27, 1939)
2. Delta Motor vs. Niu Kim Duan – 213 SCRA 259 (GR No. 61043, Sept. 2, 1992)
3. Tajanglangit vs. Southern Motors – 101 PHIL 606 (GR No. L-10789, May 28,1957)
4. Elisco Tool vs. CA – (GR No. 109966, May 31, 1999)
5. Equitable Savings vs. Palces – (GR No. 214752, March 9, 2016)
E. Remedies in case of Immovables
1. Nuñez vs. Moises-Palma – (GR No. 224466, March 27, 2019)
F. Sale of Real Estate on Installments – Republic Act 6552 (Maceda Law)
1. Valarao vs. CA – (GR No. 130347, March 3, 1999)
2. Garcia vs. CA – (GR No. 172036, April 23, 2010)
3. Royal Plains View vs. Mejia – (GR No. 230832, November 12, 2018)
4. Active Realty vs. Daroya – (GR No. 141205, May 9, 2002)
5. Pagtalunan vs. Vda. De Manzano – (GR No. 147695, September 13, 2007)
6. Associated Marine Officers vs. Decena – (GR No. 178584, Oct. 8, 2012)
7. Gatchalian Realty vs.Angeles – (GR No. 202358, November 27, 2013)
8. Optimum vs. Spouses Jovellanos – (GR No. 189145, Dec. 4, 2013)
9. Spouses Sebastian vs. BPI – (GR No. 160107, October 22, 2014)
10. Pryce vs. Nolasco, Jr. – (GR No. 203990, August 24, 2020)
11. Orbe vs. Filinvest – (GR No. 208185, September 6, 2017)
12. Spouses Francisco vs. Battung – (GR No. 212740, November 13, 2019)
G. Sections 23-24 of The Subdivision and Condominium Buyers' Protective Decree
(Presidential Decree 957)

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 PART VIII : CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES
A. Conditions
1. Romero vs. CA – (GR No. 107207, November 23, 1995)
2. Gonzales vs. Lim – (GR No. 130403, July 30, 2007)
3. Catungal vs. Rodriguez – (GR No. 146839, March 23, 2011)
B. Warranties
1. Express Warranties
a. Harrison Motors vs. Navarro – (GR No. 132269, April 27, 2000)
b. Philippine Steel Coating vs. Quiñones – (GR No. 194533, Apr. 19, 2017)
c. Moles vs. IAC – (GR No. 73913, January 31, 1989)
2. Implied Warranties
a. Pilipinas Makro vs. Coco Charcoal – (GR No. 196419, October 4, 2017)
b. Power Commercial vs. CA – (GR No. 119745, June 20, 1997)
c. Escaler vs. CA – 138 SCRA 1 (GR No. L-42636, August 1, 1985)
d. Nutrimix Feeds vs. CA – 441 SCRA 357 (GR No. 152219, Oct 25, 2004)
e. Spouses Batalla vs. Prudential Bank – (GR No. 200676, March 25, 2019)
f. Supercars vs. Flores – (GR No. 148173, December 10, 2004)
C. Articles 66 to 73 of the Consumer Act of the Philippines – Republic Act No 7394

PART IX : EXTINGUISHMENT OF SALE

A. Grounds
B. Conventional Redemption
1. David vs. David – (GR No. 162365, January 15, 2014)
2. Torres vs. Court of Appeals – (GR No. 92248 & 93390, December 9, 1992)
3. San Pedro vs. Lee (GR No. 156522, May 28, 2004)
4. Spouses Raymundo vs. Spouses Bandong – (GR No. 171250, July 4, 2007)
5. Heirs of Reyes vs. Reyes – (GR No. 158377, August 4, 2010)
6. Repuela vs. Estate of Spouses Larawan – (GR No. 219638, Dec. 7, 2016)
7. December 7, 2016)
8. Kings Properties vs. Galido - (GR No. 170023, November 27, 2009)
9. Heirs of the Late Spouses Balite v. Lim - (GR No. 152168, Dec. 10, 2004)
10. Saclolo vs. Marquito – (GR No. 229243, June 26, 2019)
11. Spouses Sy vs. De Vera-Navarro – (GR No. 239088, April 3, 2019)
C. Legal Redemption
1. Garcia vs. Calaliman – (GR No. L-26855, April 17, 1989)
2. Primary Structures vs. Valencia – (GR No. 150060, August 19, 2003)
3. Alonzo vs. IAC – (GR No. 72873, May 28, 1987)
PART X : ASSIGNMENT

PART XI: LEASE

A. Racelis vs. Spouses Javier – (GR No. 189609, January 29, 2018)
B. Samelo vs. Manotok – (GR No. 170509, June 27, 2012)
C. Dizon vs. CA – (GR No. 122544 & 124741, January 28, 1999)
D. Zosima, Inc. vs. Salimbagat – (GR No. 174376, September 12, 2012)

Republic Act No. 9653 - Rent Control Act of 2009

E. Course Grade Computation:

Written Requirements, Recitations and Quizzes - 25%
Examinations (3) - 75%

During the semester, each student will be given two (2) free passes for recitation purposes. This
means that if the student is called upon for recitation but is unavailable for whatever reason (e.g.
connectivity problems, no electricity, not feeling well), he is excused for up to 2 instances. Once
these free passes are used up and the student is not available upon the next time he is called for
recitation, he will be given a grade of 60, regardless of the reason of such absence.

In case the student is present but passes up the opportunity to recite, a grade of 70 will be given.
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 For purposes of recitation, the following factors are to be considered:
• Preparedness
• Able to answer questions immediately, independently and intelligently
• Knowledge of the subject and the case

F. Methodology. Blended Online Learning.

Classes will be either synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous classes will be conducted

through Zoom. Asynchronous classes will be through pre-recorded lectures and posted in
Moodle. As to when synchronous or asynchronous classes will be held during the week,
announcements will be made in class or posted Moodle.

Moodle and/or Examsoft will be used for purposes of examinations and quizzes. Examinations
will be conducted wherein the student will be monitored through Zoom or in case of intermittent
internet connection, the student can record a time-lapse video of himself taking/herself the exam
and sending the video after the exam. There will be 3 examinations.

G. Course References (Textbooks, Journals and Websites)

Textbooks:
1. Law on Sales by. Cesar L. Villanueva and Teresa V. Tiansay (2016). Rex Book Store
2. Law on Sales by Cyrus Victor T. Sualog (2016) Rex Book Store

Websites:
1. www.chanrobles.com
2. www.lawphil.net
3. http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/
4. www.mylegalwhiz.com

H. CONTACT INFORMATION

Email Address: jslozare@addu.edu.ph

Consultation schedule: By appointment

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