Embedded System Microcontroller Interact
Uploaded by
Ahmad OsmanEmbedded System Microcontroller Interact
Uploaded by
Ahmad Osman
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Appendix Programming Microcontrollers
Open-Source multipurpose interactive embedded systems
Microcontroller kit for laboratory education
WALID BALID
Faculty of EEE, University of Aleppo
Aleppo – Syria
2009
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 253 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Acknowledgment :
I would thanks Mr. Mark ALBERTS the programmer of BASCOM-AVR, this kit has been designed and
tested with BASCOM.
Introduction:
The kit development aimed at designing a universal training board that can cover a wide range of
experiments for the electronics, communication, control, and power departments of the electrical and
electronics engineering.
The kit has followed in the designing process all standards, so it can utilize any AVR MCU or any SPI
protocol compatible one. The MCU programming can be done by all GNU based compilers with both
low-level (ASM) and high-level (Basic, Pascal, C, or C++.) MCUs programming languages.
Many peripherals have been placed on the board to enrich its universality. About 70 different
experiments (on basic, intermediate, and advanced level) have been developed.
There has been 47 peripherals unit selected and the units were placed on the board in a way that saves
a comfortable working space and separates the elements of each unit from the other units.
Since a good planned student-centric approach has proven effectiveness in engaging students, the
experiments manual was designed in a student-centred manner, so that the students can perform
proceed with the experiment and develop the aimed skills without a need of teacher supervision.
A detailed description including schematics, experiments, and How to Build recipe have been made
available for the students as an open source to enable them to build their own board, and give them
even more deeper centric role in this experiential part of engineering.
254
Appendix Programming Microcontrollers
It is planned to put these resources on the web making the prototype available to implement for any
practicing engineering student. It is hoped that the open source approach will attract academic staff
and/or students to develop more experiments based on the rich peripheral components of the kit.
The average cost of building our board is about 120$, while any similar commercial kit will cost more
than 700$.
Selection of the designed experiments has been taught in Spring 2008/2009 for about 65 students in the
Electrical Engineering faculty at Aleppo University.
So, here we go. I will put the whole system between your hands.
The Kit Block Diagram:
The MCU ATmega128 is the kit core and it is linked with the kit peripherals such as a Liquid Crystal
Display LCD through I/O ports. It is linked with the kit serial communication units, e.g. CAN, RS232,
USB, RS485, PS2, I2C, and 1-wire through the serial interfaces. It is linked with the analog sensors, e.g.
temperature or pressure, through Analog to Digital (AD) convertors. It utilizes the external interrupts I/O
ports to interface with the switch buttons and the rotary encoder. The serial port I2C is connected with
the data memory EEPROM (AT24C512 chip), and the real time chip RTC (DS1307 chip).
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 255 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
The serial port SPI is connected with the programming unit (STK300) of the MCU and the voice chip
APR6016, it is also linked with an MMC card and a data flash memory (AT25xx). The serial port UART0
is connected with USB interface (FT232R chip) and with COM port through RS232 protocol for
facilitating PC connection. The serial port UART2 is connected with a CAN port for facilitating industrial
communication purposes. The Figure below shows the kit block diagram. All peripherals that needs
external communication with the surrounding world are linked to the grey boxes.
Hands-on Experiments that can be done with the kit:
1. Programming the MCU ports for displaying LEDs light movements
2. Interfacing switches with the MCU ports
3. Interfacing 4x4 Hexadecimal Array Keypad (16key) with the MCU
4. Interfacing and programming the MCU with a 20x4 LCD
5. Interfacing and programming the MCU with a 128x4 GLCD
6. Interfacing and scanning Quad seven-segment display
7. IR remote control sender/receiver based on RC5 code
8. Data Transfer using RF Transmitter based on FSK modulation
9. Interfacing and programming the MCU with Real-time clock chip
10. DAC by Interfacing 8-bit ladder network with the MCU
11. Programming the MCU analog comparator unit
12. Digital Frequency counter/meter 1HZ – 4MHz
13. Measuring the luminous intensity (Flux) using LDR
14. Measuring the barometric pressure and altitude using a Barometer
15. Interfacing with the LM35DZ analog temperature sensor
16. Storing Data using MMC/SD card in FAT23 format
17. Programming Smart-Card with high-security software algorithms
18. Interfacing and Programming 32x8pixel LED-Matrix scrolling Display
19. Speed control of DC motor using PWM
20. Interfacing the MCU with PC using RS232 protocol
21. wide area data transfer using the industrial CAN protocol
22. Interfacing with RS485 for wide area data transfer Digital Scientific calculator by Interfacing LCD
(liquid crystal display) and Hexadecimal Keypad with AVR MCU.
23. Adjustable Signal Generator (Sin, Cos, Smooth, Triangular, square) by Interfacing GLCD
(Graphical liquid crystal display), button Keys, and variable resistor with AVR MCU.
24. RC5 code based, IR (Infrared) remote control sender/receiver, by interfacing IR receiver module
unit and IR transmitter diode with AVR MCU.
25. Obstacle detection using IR transmitter.
26. Interfacing Barometer with AVR MCU for measuring barometric pressure and altitude.
27. Interfacing RTC (Real Time Clock) chip (DS1307) for real time application.
28. Speed control of DC motor using PWM (Pulse width modulation)
29. Interfacing 8-bit ladder network with AVR MCU for DAC purpose.
30. Interfacing RS485 converter with UART serial interface for long area data transfer
31. Interfacing AVR MCU with PC using RS232 converter and USART serial interface
32. Digital Frequency counter/meter 1HZ – 4MHz
33. Programming Smart-Card with high-security software algorithms using the AES and DES
symmetric-key algorithm
34. Storing Data using MMC/SD card in FAT23 format
35. Resistance and Capacitance Digital Meter
36. Wireless data transfer using IR 38KHz (Infrared) based on Ir-Data Protocol
37. Wireless data transfer using RF 433MHz (Radio Frequency) based on FSK modulation
38. wide area data transfer using the industrial CAN protocol for
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Appendix Programming Microcontrollers
39. Digital to Analog conversion using 8-bit Ladder network
40. Programming 32x8pixel LED-Matrix scrolling Display
41. Interfacing with LM35 analog temperature sensor (-45ºC ~ +125ºC)
Also, some of the experiments were provided with Simulation using Proteus.
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 257 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
ﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻠﺐ
ﳇﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ا ﻜﻬﺮ ﺋﻴﺔ واﻹ ﻜﱰوﻧﻴﺔ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﲂ اﻵﱄ واﻷﲤﺘﺔ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ
ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ
ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ
Designing A Novel Interactive Microcontroller Training Kit for Teaching Undergraduates
Programming Embedded System Microcontroller Using Interaction Methodologies
WALID BALID, 2009
walidbalid81@gmail.com
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
General Introduction about this course
Assembly
AVR
Bascom-AVRBasic
Proteus
Development Board
50
2
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Bascom-AVR Compiler Bascom-AVR
Bascom-AVR
·
_ ·
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 3 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Compile ·
·
Bascom-AVR
LCD Designer
Graphic Converter
*.bgfGLCD
4
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Plugin Manager
/
Patch Compiler
TCP/IP
LIB Manager
\
Stack Analyzer
PDF Update
ATMEL
AVR
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 5 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
WORDExport to RTF ifle
.Export to HTML
Bascom-AVR
. .1
2
1- Directives
Directives are special instructions for the compiler. They can override a setting from the IDE.
2- Configuration
Configuration commands initialize the hardware to the desired state.
3- Variables
Dimension all required variables.
4- Main Program
Contains all executive instructions such as: Mathematical Instruction.
5- Sub Routines
They are sub programs or sub procedures, call from the main program
ProgramSyntax Check 3
4
،LOOP ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ
.DOﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ
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Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Program Compile 5
ProgramSend to programmer 6
Bascom-AVR
لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ
اﻟﴩﻃﻴﺔ ا ﳤﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻼت اﻟﺘﻮﻗ ﺖ واﻟﺘﺎرﱗ اﻟﺘﺄ ﲑ اﻟﺰﻣﲏ
1-WIRE
اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ
ﺎ دﻹ اI2C
ج اﺮﺧﻹ او ل لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﻌﻠ ت ت ﺎﻔﻠﳌا
اﻟﺘﻮﺟﳱﺎ ت
اﻟﱪﳎﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑ ﺔ اﻟﱪ ﻣﺞ
لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ
RS232
اﻟﺘﺤﲂ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Bascom-AVR ةﺮ ا ا
اﻟﺘﺤﲂ ﳌﻌﺎﰿ
ﺪد اﻟﺘﻌﻠ ت ﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ
اﳊ ﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ
واﳌﺜﻠﺜﺎ ت TCP/IP ﺗﻌﻠﳰﺔ350 اﻟ ﺴﻼﺳﻞ اﶈﺮﻓ ﺔ
SPI
لﻮ ﻮ ﺗوﺮ ر ﺎﻬﻇﻹ ا ﺔﺷ ﺎﺷ ر ﺎﻬﻇﻹ ا ﺔﺷ ﺎﺷ
ت ﺎﻌﻃ ﺎﻘﳌا ﴍ ﺆ ﳌا ﺰ ﻔﻘ ﻟاوت ﺎﻘﻠﳊ ا
ت ا
PS2 ا ﻟﻜ ﺮ ﺴ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟﻴ ﺔ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﺮ ﻟا
ISIS Proteus Simulation ISIS Proteus
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 7 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Proteus
Comparison between most famous µC families
AVR, PIC, 8051
AVR PIC 8051
16MHZ 20MHZ 24MHZ
1Cycle 4Cycle 12Cycle
16/1 = 16MIPS 20/4 = 5MIPS 24/12 = 2MIPS
100% 70% 50%
132 35 215
>256KBytes <64KBytes <32KBytes
Liner banked Liner
CISC/Von
RISC/Harvard RISC/Harvard
Neumann
16 Bit 12 Bit 8 Bit
AVR Microcontrollers Family AVR® 8-Bit
AVR
Automotive AVR
AVR Z-Link IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee
Battery Ma nageme nt AVR 1.8~25
CAN AVR CANopen, DeviceNet, OSEKCAN
LCD AVR LCD
Lighting AVR
USB AVR USB
Tiny AVR
MEGA AVR 20MIPS
XMEGA AVR 32MIPS
AT90Sxxxx MEGA
8
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
BatteryM AVR Lighting AVR USB AVR megaAVR tinyAVR
18 ~ 48 Pin 24 ~ 32 Pin 32 ~ 64 Pin 28 ~ 100 Pin 8 ~ 32 Pin
MAX I/O 4~18 MAX I/O 19~27 MAX I/O 22~48 MAX I/O 23~86 MAX I/O 6~28
4KB~40KB Flash 8KB~16KB Flash 8KB~128KB Flash 4KB~256KB Flash 1KB~8KB Flash
256B~1KB EPROM 512B EPROM 512B~4KB EPROM 512B~4KB EPROM 64B~512B EPROM
512B~2KB SRAM 512B~1KB SRAM 512B~8KB SRAM 512B~16KB SRAM 32B~512B SRAM
Up To 8MIPS Up To 16MIPS Up To 16MIPS Up To 20MIPS Up To 20MIPS
1.8V – 25V 2.7V – 5.5V 2.7V – 5.5V 1.8V – 5.5V 1.8V – 5.5V
AVR® 8-Bit
Automotive AVR CAN AVR LCD AVR AVR Z-Link xmegaAVR
14 ~ 64 Pin 64 ~ 100 Pin 44 ~ 100 Pin
MAX I/O 6~54 64 Pin MAX I/O 54~69 MCU Wireless MAX I/O 36~78
2KB~128KB Flash 32KB~128KB Flash 16KB~64KB Flash chipset for: 16KB~384KB Flash
128B~4KB EPROM 1KB~4KB EPROM 512B~2KB EPROM IEEE 802.15.4 1KB~4KB EPROM
128B~4KB SRAM 1K~4KB SRAM 1KB~4KB SRAM and 2KB~32KB SRAM
Up To 16MIPS Up To 16MIPS Up To 20MIPS ZigBee Up To 32MIPS
2.7V – 5.5V 2.7V – 5.5V 1.8V – 5.5V applications. 1.8V – 3.6V
Reading AVR Package information AVR
––AVR
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 9 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
.ATMEL :AT
:Mega
8,16,32,64,128,256, etc…8
2.7V~5.5V L :L
4.5V~5.5V––
2016 :8
:P
SOIC, TQFP, LQFP…PDIP
IC :I
M
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Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Reading Datasheet of ICs
– Datasheet –
Bascom-AVR
Assembly
––
Reading Datasheet of ATmega128 ATmega128
Features ·
High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller 8-bit
· Advanced RISC Architecture. RISC ·
– 133 Powerful Instructions Most Single Clock Cycle. 133 –
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers + Peripheral
+ 32 x 8 –
Control Registers
– Fully Static Operation –
– Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz 16 MHz 16 –
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier –
· Nonvolatile Program and Data Memories ·
– 128K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash 128KB –
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
10,000
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program - True –
Read-While-Write Operation EEPROM 4KB –
– 4K Bytes EEPROM 100,000
Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
SRAM 4KB–
– 4K Bytes Internal SRAM
– Up to 64K Bytes Optional External Memory Space
64KB–
– Programming Lock for Software Security –
– SPI Interface for In-System Programming SPI–
· JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface JTAG ·
– Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard
–
– Extensive On-chip Debug Support
–Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses and Lock Bits Debug–
through the JTAG Interface –
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 11 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
·
· Peripheral Features
–Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and 8-bit/–
Compare Modes 16-bit/–
–Two Expanded 16-bit Timer/Counters with Separate
Prescaler, Compare Mode and Capture Mode
–
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Two 8-bit PWM Channels 8-bit PWM–
– 6 PWM Channels with Programmable Resolution from 2 to 16-bit PWM–
16 Bits 162
– Output Compare Modulator
10-bit/–
– 8-channel, 10-bit ADC
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
I2C–
– Dual Programmable Serial USARTs USARTs–
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface /SPI–
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with On-chip Oscillator
–
– On-chip Analog Comparator
–
· Special Microcontroller Features ·
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection –
– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator –
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
–
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save,
Power-down, Standby, and Extended Standby –
– Software Selectable Clock Frequency –
– ATmega103 Compatibility Mode Selected by a Fuse ATmega103 –
– Global Pull-up Disable
–
· I/O and Packages / ·
– 53 Programmable I/O Lines-PDIP PDIP/53–
– 64-lead TQFP and 64-pad MLF TQFP/64–
· Operating Voltages ·
– 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega128L ATmega128L 2.7 - 5.5V –
– 4.5 - 5.5V for ATmega128 ATmega128 4.5 - 5.5V –
· Speed Grades ·
– 0 - 8 MHz for ATmega128L ATmega128L 8-MHz –
– 0 - 16 MHz for ATmega128 ATmega128 16-MHz –
ATmega128
. ATmegaxxx
12
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Pin Configur ations ·
PE0(RXD/PDI) 2
PE0 /
JTAG UART
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Block Diagram ·
RISC Harvard AVR
14
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Standard Systems Design
Von NeumannHarvard
Von-Neumann
·
·
·
·
Harvard
Methods Architecture Systems Design
.(150 ~ 1500 Instruction) Complex Instruction Set Computer : CISC
.(30 ~ 130 Instruction) Reduced Instruction Set Computer : RISC
.(15 ~ 30 Instruction) Minimum Instruction Set Computer :MISC
CISC
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 15 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
AMD& INTEL
RISC
RISC
DSPsMicrocontrollers
µA
MISC
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Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
AVR Development Board AVR
AVR
50
--
Human-Computer Interaction Methods
.1
.2
/ .3
.4
.5
.LCD 20x4 .6
GLCD 128x64 .7
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 17 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
.8
DTMF .9
.10
.11
.RC5, RC5-Extended .12
.RC5, RC5-Extended .13
0 – 9 .14
.0 – 9999 .15
RS232UART1 .16
UART2 .17
RS485 .18
.19
.20
.21
.LM35DZ-45⁰C ~ +100⁰C .22
ADCNTC .23
.24
.ADC .25
.26
.27
.28
PWM .29
.30
.31
.32
DACLadder .33
DAC .34
18
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
.35
RTC .36
.EEPROM .37
.38
Overflow, Compare & Capture modes .39
MMC .40
Smart Card .41
PS2 .42
PS2 .43
DS18211-Wire .44
LED-Matrix Displays .45
USARTRS232 .46
EEPROM .47
.48
.49
.50
.51
.JTAG .52
.53
ESD, EMC & EMIPCBs .54
RTSMultitasking .55
.56
SPI .57
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 19 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
AVR Development Board Designing schedule
AVR -1
-2
-3
-4
Embedded EMC,EMR,ESD
Systems
Proteus -5
compilers -1
AVR
In System Programming -2
-3
10060 -4
-5
Embedded Systems Design
self learners -6
-7
،USD120
.USD700
20
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
-8
Lab-Center Proteus-7.2
Bascom-AVR
Debugger -9
RS232 Interface
-10
48 I/O
AVR -11
SPI
-12
-13
5% : a
85% b
c
90%
96% d
.98% e
f
1507045%
-14
-15
Open Source
LabVIEW, VB6, Matlab, etc… -16
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 21 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Development Board Layout Diagram
22
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Development Board Schematic & Board Design
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 23 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
24
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 25 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
26
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
USART
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 27 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
EEPROM & RTC I2C
28
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
RS485
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30
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
MMC/SD
PWM
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PS2
32
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
1-Wire
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34
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 35 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
36
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 37 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
38
Practical Class 1 Programming Microcontrollers
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 39 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Px.0 Px.1 Px.2 Px.3 Px.4 Px.5 Px.6 Px.7
RS485 Interface PWM>DAC Four Buttons/Leds1
INT4~7
UART1 UART1 with Hand-checking and LEDs Indicators
Port E
AIN
OC3A,B,C
T3
8-bit DAC Interface
ICP3
External Port Connector for further connecting and can be set to Pull Up/Down Resistor
Programmer
SPI
MMC/SD Card SPI Interface Speaker IR Sender PWM IR Receiver
Port B
OC1A,B
OC0,2
OC1C
Hexadecimal Keypad
External Port Connector for further connecting and can be set to Pull Up/Down Resistor
Four Buttons/Leds2 ICP1 Relay1 T1 Relay2
INT0~3
Port D
UART2 PS2 SCK UART2
TWI
T1~2 RTC & EEPROM
ICP1
External Port Connector for further connecting and can be set to Pull Up/Down Resistor
DS1820 GLCD Control Bus
LCD
Port C
Ex.MI-H Quad Seven Segment Control Lines
Dual Led-Matrix Display Data Bus
External Port Connector for further connecting and can be set to Pull Up/Down Resistor
GLCD Data Bus
UART2 Hand-checking Basic Card
Port A
Ex.MI-L
Quad Seven Segment Data Bus
External Port Connector for further connecting and can be set to Pull Up/Down Resistor
LDR NTC Pressure Variable Variable 4 Switches Temperature
Port F
ADC0~7 Resistor Resistor sensor Resistor Resistor On a line Sensor
JTAG
JTAG Interface
Dual Led-Matrix Display
RC Circuit 23KHZ Crystal x x x
Port G
TOSC Control Lines
WR/RD
ASK TR ASK RE PS2 Data x x x x x
1
Buttons for Interrupt 4~7 can be set to VCC or GND by Jumper, connected with led indicators.
2
Buttons for Interrupt 0~3 can be set to VCC or GND by Jumper, connected with led indicators.
40
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Essential Instructions in Bascom-AVR Bascom-AVR
·
$regfile = "m128def.dat" ATmega128
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 9600
·
Wait value Value
Waitms value Value
Waitus value Value
/ ·
Config Portc = Output C
Config Portc.5 = Output C5
Config Portc = Input C
Config Pinc.5 = Input C5
Portc = 255 C
Pinc.5 = 1 C5
Pinc.5 = 0 C5
Portc = &B11110000 C
/
Config Portc = &B11110000
10
Leds Alias Portd LedsD
Leds Alias Portd.5 Led5
42
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Set/Reset ·
Set bit /
Reset bit /
Toggle bit /
·
If Expression1 Then
Statements1
...
Elseif Expression2 Then
Statements2
11
...
Else 22
Statements3
... 3
End If
SELECT CASE var
Case Test1 : Statements1
Case Test2 : Statements2 1 var = Test1
Case Else : Statements3 2 var = Test2
3
END SELECT
·
Do
Statements
Loop [until Expression]
While Condition
Statements
Wend
For Var = Start To End [step Value]
Statements End Start
Next Var .step
Exit For For
Exit Do Do
Exit While While
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 43 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
SRAM ·
Dim Var1 As Bit 0 or 1
Dim Var2 As Byte 0 to 255
Dim Var3 As Integer -32,768 to +32,767
Dim Var4 As Word 0 to 65535
Dim Var5 As Long -2147483648 to 2147483647
Dim Var6 As Single 1.5 x 10^–45 to 3.4 x 10^38
Dim Var7 As Double
Dim Var8 As String * 1 * chr_num
Dim Array(8) As Byte
Const Symbol = Numconst
Ex. Const Pi = 3.14159265358979
Const Symbol = Stringconst
Ex. Const S = "TEST"
Const Symbol = Expression
Ex. Const E =(b1 * 3) + 2
Local Var As Type
·
Px.y
Debounce Px.y , state , label , Sub
Ex. Debounce Key1 , 0 , Sw1 , Sub
state
label
Debounce
Config Debounce = time
Bitwait x , Set/reset
Ex. Bitwait Pinb.7 , reset
44
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.1: Scrolling LEDs
JP9, JP10
.LEDs7 -1
-2
-3
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 45 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
-4
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
'-----------------------
Config Portd.0 = Output
Config Portd.1 = Output
Config Portd.2 = Output
Config Portd.3 = Output
Config Porte.4 = Output
Config Porte.5 = Output
Config Porte.6 = Output
Config Porte.7 = Output
'-----------------------
Leds1 Alias Portd
Leds2 Alias Porte
'-----------------------
Dim I As Byte , J As Byte
'-----------------------
Do
For I = 0 To 3
J = I + 4
Set Leds1.i
Set Leds2.j
Wait 1
Next I
For I = 3 To 0 Step -1
J = I + 4
Reset Leds1.i
Reset Leds2.j
Wait 1
Next I
Loop
End
46
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.2: Tact Switches
JP6, JP8
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 47 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
GNDJP6, JP8 -1
VCC JP6, GNDJP8 -2
GNDJP6, JP8
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Debounce = 150
Config Pind.0 = Input
Config Pind.1 = Input
Config Pind.2 = Input
Config Pind.3 = Input
Config Pine.4 = Input
Config Pine.5 = Input
Config Pine.6 = Input
Config Pine.7 = Input
Portd.0 = 1 : Portd.1 = 1
Portd.2 = 1 : Portd.3 = 1
Porte.4 = 1 : Porte.5 = 1
Porte.6 = 1 : Porte.7 = 1
'-----------------------
Key1 Alias Pind.0
Key2 Alias Pind.1
Key3 Alias Pind.2
Key4 Alias Pind.3
Key5 Alias Pine.4
Key6 Alias Pine.5
Key7 Alias Pine.6
Key8 Alias Pine.7
'-----------------------
Do
Debounce Key1 , 0 , Sw1 , Sub
Debounce Key2 , 0 , Sw2 , Sub
Debounce Key3 , 0 , Sw3 , Sub
Debounce Key4 , 0 , Sw4 , Sub
Debounce Key5 , 0 , Sw5 , Sub
Debounce Key6 , 0 , Sw6 , Sub
Debounce Key7 , 0 , Sw7 , Sub
Debounce Key8 , 0 , Sw8 , Sub
Waitms 200
Loop
End
'-----------------------
48
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Sw1:
Print "Switch(1) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw2:
Print "Switch(2) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw3:
Print "Switch(3) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw4:
Print "Switch(4) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw5:
Print "Switch(5) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw6:
Print "Switch(6) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw7:
Print "Switch(7) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw8:
Print "Switch(8) is pressed!"
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 49 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
VCC JP8 وGNDJP6,
PortD
S6
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Debounce = 150
Config Pind.0 = Input
Config Pind.1 = Input
Config Pind.2 = Input
Config Pind.3 = Input
Config Pine.4 = Input
Config Pine.5 = Input
Config Pine.6 = Input
Config Pine.7 = Input
50
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Portd.0 = 0 : Portd.1 = 0
Portd.2 = 0 : Portd.3 = 0 Portd
Porte.4 = 1 : Porte.5 = 1
Porte.6 = 1 : Porte.7 = 1 PortE
'-----------------------
Key1 Alias Pind.0
Key2 Alias Pind.1
Key3 Alias Pind.2
Key4 Alias Pind.3
Key5 Alias Pine.4
Key6 Alias Pine.5
Key7 Alias Pine.6
Key8 Alias Pine.7
'-----------------------
Do
Debounce Key1 , 0 , Sw1 , Sub
Debounce Key2 , 0 , Sw2 , Sub
Debounce Key3 , 0 , Sw3 , Sub
Debounce Key4 , 0 , Sw4 , Sub
Debounce Key5 , 0 , Sw5 , Sub
Debounce Key6 , 0 , Sw6 , Sub
Debounce Key7 , 0 , Sw7 , Sub
Debounce Key8 , 0 , Sw8 , Sub
Waitms 200
Loop
End
'-----------------------
Sw1:
Print "Switch(1) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw2:
Print "Switch(2) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw3:
Print "Switch(3) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw4:
Print "Switch(4) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw5:
Print "Switch(5) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw6:
Print "Switch(6) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw7:
Print "Switch(7) is pressed!"
Return
'/------------
Sw8:
Print "Switch(8) is pressed!"
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 51 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.3: Expansion Connectors /
/–
–JP1~ JP6
S
VCC -1
GND -2
52
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
:GND ·
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Porte = Input
Config Portb = Input
Config Portd = Input
Config Portc = Input
Config Porta = Input
'-----------------------
Porta = 255
Portb = 255
Portc = 255
Portd = 255
Porte = 255
'-----------------------
Pa_value Alias Pina
Pb_value Alias Pinb
Pc_value Alias Pinc
Pd_value Alias Pind
Pe_value Alias Pine
'-----------------------
Do
Print "PA= " ; Pa_value
Print "PB= " ; Pb_value
Print "PC= " ; Pc_value
Print "PD= " ; Pd_value
Print "PE= " ; Pe_value
Print "------------"
Wait 1
Loop
End
'-----------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 53 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
:VCC ·
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud1 = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Porte = Input
Config Portb = Input
Config Portd = Input
Config Portc = Input
Config Porta = Input
'-----------------------
Porta = 0
Portb = 0
Portc = 0
Portd = 0
Porte = 0
'-----------------------
Pa_value Alias Pina
Pb_value Alias Pinb
Pc_value Alias Pinc
Pd_value Alias Pind
Pe_value Alias Pine
'-----------------------
Open "com2:" For Binary As #1
Do
Print #1 , "PA= " ; Pa_value
Print #1 , "PB= " ; Pb_value
Print #1 , "PC= " ; Pc_value
Print #1 , "PD= " ; Pd_value
Print #1 , "PE= " ; Pe_value
Print #1 , "-----------"
Wait 1
Loop
Close #1
End
'-----------------------
54
Practical Class 2 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.4: Controlling Relay (On/Off)
JP22~ JP21
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 55 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Portd.7 Portd.5
K2K1
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
'-----------------------
Config Portd.5 = Output
Config Portd.7 = Output
'-----------------------
Relay1 Alias Portd.5
Relay2 Alias Portd.7
'-----------------------
Dim I As Byte
'-----------------------
For I = 0 To 9
Set Relay1
Wait 2
Set Relay2
Wait 2
Reset Relay1
Wait 2
Reset Relay2
Next I
End
'-----------------------
56
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.5: Hexadecimal Array Keypad
Config Kbd = Portb , Delay = 150
Var = 16 1
Var = Getkbd()
2
58
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
S1 = 0
S2 = 1
S3 = 2
S4 = 4
S5 = 5
S6 = 6
S7 = 8
S8 = 9
S9 = 10
S* = 12
S0 = 13
S# = 14
A=3
B=7
C = 11
D = 15
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Kbd = Portb , Delay = 150
'-----------------------
Dim Var As Byte
'-----------------------
Do
Var = Getkbd()
If Var < 16 Then
Gosub Check_number
End If
Loop
End
'-----------------------
Check_number:
Select Case Var
Case 0 : Print "Key Pressed is (1)"
Case 1 : Print "Key Pressed is (2)"
Case 2 : Print "Key Pressed is (3)"
Case 3 : Print "Key Pressed is (A)"
Case 4 : Print "Key Pressed is (4)"
Case 5 : Print "Key Pressed is (5)"
Case 6 : Print "Key Pressed is (6)"
Case 7 : Print "Key Pressed is (B)"
Case 8 : Print "Key Pressed is (7)"
Case 9 : Print "Key Pressed is (8)"
Case 10 : Print "Key Pressed is (9)"
Case 11 : Print "Key Pressed is (C)"
Case 12 : Print "Key Pressed is (*)"
Case 13 : Print "Key Pressed is (0)"
Case 14 : Print "Key Pressed is (#)"
Case 15 : Print "Key Pressed is (D)"
End Select
Return
'-----------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 59 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.6: Programming LCD
20x4
SW2
Config Lcdpin = Pin ,
Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 = Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6
Db7 = Portc.7 ,E = Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Deflcdchar 0 , 14 , 17 , 14 , 17 , 17 , 14 , 17 , 14 LCD Designer
Cls
60
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
Lcd var /
Lowerline
Shiftlcd Right
Shiftlcd Left
Locate X , Y /
Shiftcursor Right
Shiftcursor Left
Home Upper /
Cursor Off Noblink
Cursor On Blink
Display Off
Display On
Thirdline
Fourthline
Home Third
Home Fourth
Lcd Chr(x)
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 = Portc.5 ,
Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E = Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Deflcdchar 0 , 14 , 17 , 14 , 17 , 17 , 14 , 17 , 14
Deflcdchar 1 , 17 , 14 , 17 , 14 , 14 , 17 , 14 , 17 LCD Designer
'-----------------------
Dim A As Byte
'-----------------------
Do
Cls
Lcd "hello world!"
Wait 1
Lowerline
Wait 1
Lcd "LCD Test"
Wait 1
For A = 1 To 8
Shiftlcd Right
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 61 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Waitms 500
Next A
For A = 1 To 8
Shiftlcd Left
Waitms 500
Next A
Locate 2 , 9
Lcd "-L2,C9"
Wait 1
Shiftcursor Right
Lcd "-*-"
Wait 1
Shiftcursor Left
Lcd "*-*"
Wait 1
Home Upper
Lcd "HELLO WORLD"
Wait 1
Cursor Off Noblink
Wait 1
Cursor On Blink
Wait 1
Display Off
Wait 1
Display On
Wait 1
Thirdline
Lcd " /Line 3"
Wait 1
Fourthline
Lcd " /Line 4"
Wait 1
Home Third
Lcd ":)"
Wait 1
Home Fourth
Lcd ":("
Wait 1
Cls
Locate 1 , 9 : Lcd Chr(0)
Wait 1
Locate 1 , 11 : Lcd Chr(1)
Loop
End
62
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.7: Programming Graphic LCD
128x64
SW3
Config Graphlcd = 128 * 64sed ,
Dataport= Porta, Controlport= Portc ,
Ce = 2 , Ce2 = 4 , Cd = 7 , Rd = 6 ,
Reset = 3 , Enable = 5
$lib "glcdKS108.lib"
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 63 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Setfont Font
Cls
Cls Text
Cls Graph
Lcdat y , x , var [, inv]
Line(X0 , Y0) - (X1 , Y1) , Color
Pset X , Y , Color SET/RST Pixel
Circle(X , Y) , r , Color r
Showpic X , Y , label
$include "Font5x8.font"
$bgf "Smiley1.bgf" bgf
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$lib "glcdKS108.lib"
'-------------------------
Config Graphlcd = 128 * 64sed , Dataport
= Porta , Controlport = Portc , Ce = 2 ,
Ce2 = 4 , Cd = 7 , Rd = 6 , Reset = 3 ,
Enable = 5
'-------------------------
Dim X As Byte , Y As Byte
'-------------------------
Cls : Cls Text : Cls Graph
'-------------------------
Setfont Font8x8
Lcdat 3 , 11 , "Font 5x8 Test"
Lcdat 4 , 11 , "Font 6x8 Test" 8x8
Lcdat 5 , 11 , "Font 8x8 Test"
Wait 2
Cls
Setfont Font5x8 5x8
Lcdat 1 , 1 , "LINE1" : Wait 1
Lcdat 2 , 1 , "LINE2" : Wait 1
Lcdat 3 , 1 , "LINE3" : Wait 1
Setfont Font6x8
Lcdat 4 , 1 , "LINE4" : Wait 1 6x8
Lcdat 5 , 1 , "LINE5" : Wait 1
Lcdat 6 , 1 , "LINE6" : Wait 1
Setfont Font8x8
Lcdat 7 , 1 , "LINE7" : Wait 1 8x8
Lcdat 8 , 1 , "LINE8" : Wait 1
'/------------/
Cls
Setfont Font16x16 16x16
64
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
Lcdat 4 , 23 , "16x16" : Wait 2
Cls
Lcdat 1 , 1 , "LINE1" : Wait 1
Lcdat 3 , 1 , "LINE2" : Wait 1
Lcdat 5 , 1 , "LINE3" : Wait 1
Lcdat 7 , 1 , "LINE4" : Wait 1
'/------------/
Setfont Font8x8
Lcdat 4 , 11 , "Drawing Lines" :
Wait 2
Cls Text
Line(0 , 0) -(127 , 0) , 255 Y
63,31
Wait 1 127,0
Line(0 , 63) -(127 , 63) , 255 0,0
Wait 1
Line(0 , 0) -(0 , 63) , 255
Wait 1
Line(127 , 0) -(127 , 63) , 255
Wait 1 127,63
0,63
Line(0 , 0) -(127 , 63) , 255
X
Wait 1
Cls Graph
'/------------/
Lcdat 4 , 11 , "SET/RST Pixel" :
Wait 2
Cls Text
For X = 0 To 127
Pset X , 20 , 255
Pset X , 43 , 255
Waitms 200
Next X
For Y = 0 To 63
Pset 42 , Y , 255
Pset 86 , Y , 255
Waitms 200
Next Y
For X = 127 To 0 Step -1
Pset X , 20 , 0
Pset X , 43 , 0
Waitms 200
Next X
For Y = 63 To 0 Step -1
Pset 42 , Y , 0
Pset 86 , Y , 0
Waitms 200
Next X
Cls Graph
'/------------/
Lcdat 4 , 11 , "Drawing Circle" :
Wait 2
Cls Graph
For X = 1 To 31
Circle(63 , 31) , X , 255
Waitms 200
Circle(63 , 31) , X , 0
Next X
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 65 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Cls Graph
'/------------/
Showpic 0 , 0 , Smiley1
Wait 2
Cls : Cls Text : Cls Graph
Showpic 0 , 0 , Smiley2
Wait 2
Cls Graph
Showpic 0 , 0 , Smiley3
Wait 2
Cls Graph
Showpic 0 , 0 , Smiley4
Wait 2
'/------------/
Glcdcmd &H3E , 1 : Glcdcmd &H3E , 2
Wait 1
Glcdcmd &H3F , 1 : Glcdcmd &H3F , 2
'/------------/
End
'-------------------
$include "Font5x8.font"
$include "Font6x8.font"
$include "Font8x8.font"
$include "Font16x16.font"
'-------------------
Smiley1:
$bgf "Smiley1.bgf"
Smiley2:
$bgf "Smiley2.bgf"
Smiley3:
$bgf "Smiley3.bgf"
Smiley4:
$bgf "Smiley4.bgf"
66
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.8: Generating Tones
.Jumper JP16
PB4,PB5
sound
Speaker
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 67 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Speaker
Sound Speaker , Pulses , Periods
PeriodsPulses
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Portb.4 = Output
Speaker Alias Portb.4
'---------------------
Dim Pulses As Word , Periods As Word
Dim I As Byte
Pulses = 50 : Periods = 100
'---------------------
Sound Speaker , 100 , 200 : Wait 1
Do
Sound Speaker , Pulses , Periods
Waitms 1
Periods = Periods + 5
Loop Until Periods = 1000
For I = 0 To 6
Sound Speaker , 150 , 800
Waitms 1000
Next I
Sound Speaker , 100 , 200
End
68
Practical Class 3 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.9: Generating DTMF Tones DTMF
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency)
.Jumper JP16
PB4,PB5
DTMF
OC1A
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 69 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
OC1A
Dtmfout Number , Duration :Number
Dtmfout String , Duration Duration
String
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-------------------
Enable Interrupts DTMF
1
'-------------------
Dim Var As Byte
Dim Btmp As Byte , Sdtmf As String * 10
Sdtmf = "1234567890"
'-------------------
Do
Dtmfout Sdtmf , 50
Waitms 1000
For Btmp = 0 To 15
Dtmfout Btmp , 100
Waitms 500
Next Btmp
Loop
1Dtmfout1
OC1A
.4MHZ ~ 8MHZ2
Atmel application note (AN314) 3
70
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.10: Shift & Rotate Instructions
Rotate Shift
Shift Right S6
Shift LeftS7
S14 Rotate Right S13
Rotate Right
.Jumper JP9 JP6
72
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
Shift var , Right/Left [, shift]
[, shift]
Rotate var , Right/Left [, rotate]
[, shift]
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Pine.4 = Input
Config Pine.5 = Input
Config Pine.6 = Input
Config Pine.7 = Input
Pine.4 = 1 : Pine.5 = 1
Pine.6 = 1 : Pine.7 = 1
Shift_r Alias Pine.4
Shift_l Alias Pine.5
Rotat_r Alias Pine.6
Rotat_l Alias Pine.7
Config Portd = Output
Leds Alias Portd
Portd = &B00000001
'---------------------
Do
Debounce Shift_r , 0 , Sr , Sub
Debounce Shift_l , 0 , Sl , Sub
Debounce Rotat_r , 0 , Rr , Sub
Debounce Rotat_l , 0 , Rl , Sub
Loop
End
'---------------------
Sr:
If Leds > 1 Then Shift Leds , Right , 1
Return
'---------------------
Sl:
If Leds < 128 Then Shift Leds , Left , 1
Return
'---------------------
Rr:
Rotate Leds , Right , 1
Return
'---------------------
Rl:
Rotate Leds , Left , 1
Return
'---------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 73 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.11: Get RC Value
Getrc
SW2.Jumper JP14
74
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
pinx y
var = Getrc(pinx , y)
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 ,
Db5 = Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 =
Portc.7 , E = Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
'----------------------
Dim Rc_var As Word
'----------------------
Cls : Cursor Off
Lcd "RC Val= "
Do
Rc_var = Getrc(ping , 2)
Locate 1 , 9
Lcd Rc_var
Waitms 1000
Locate 1 , 8 : Lcd Spc(7)
Loop
End
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 75 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.12: IR receiver, RC5-code RC5IR
.RC5, RC5-ExtendedCLRM-2038S
.RC5
SW2.Jumper JP18
76
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
Config Rc5 = Pinb.7 IR
Getrc5(address , Command)
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 ,
Db5 = Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 =
Portc.7 , E = Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
'---------------------
Config Rc5 = Pinb.7
'---------------------
Dim Address As Byte , Command As Byte
Enable Interrupts
'---------------------
Cls
Do
Gosub Remote_control
Loop
'---------------------
Remote_control:
Getrc5(address , Command)
If Address = 0 Then
Command = Command And &B01111111 TV
Cls
Lcd "Command is: " ; Command
Waitms 50
End If
Return
'---------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 77 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.13: IR transmi er, RC5-code RC5IR
RC5
RC5,
RC5-Extended
SW2.Jumper JP17
Rc5send Togbit , Address , Command
RC5OC1A
78
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Debounce = 200
Config Pine.4 = Input
Porte.4 = 1
'---------------------
Dim Togbit As Byte , Command As Byte ,
Address As Byte
Command = 12
Togbit = 0
Address = 0
'---------------------
Do
Debounce Pine.4 , 0 , Pwr_cmd , Sub
Loop OC1A pin
End
'---------------------
Pwr_cmd:
Rc5send Togbit , Address , Command
Waitms 200
Return
'\-------------\
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 79 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Appendix: Exp.12 and Exp.13
RC5-code
Detailed Article about Remote Control and IR Module
What is infrared?
950nm
Address
36KHZ 30KHZ – 60KHZ
36KHZ, 38KHZ38KHZ
36~38
36KHZ, 38KHZ
80
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
27uS 36KHZ
21
1 2
What is IR Transmitting pr ot ocol s?
RC5 SIRCS NEC
Sony SAMSUNG JAPAN
Waveforms
RC5 Transmi ing protocols? RC5
14 RC5
1.728mS
130mS
Address Length -
Command Length -
Carrier Frequency -
Start Bit -
High-Bit-Time"1" -
Low-Bit-Time"0" -
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 81 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
27µs
demodulator
6432
32 "0"
32 x 27µs of silence27µs
32 32 x 27µs of silence "1"
27µs
| +---| |---+ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|---+ | | +---|
<-----> <----->
1.7778ms 1.7778ms
Logic 1 Logic 0
RC5
82
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
14BitsRC5
Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 Bit9 Bit10 Bit11 Bit12 Bit13 Bit14
start bits control Address Command
Start Bits or AGC "Automatic Gain Control Bits1-2 -
"1"
Control Bit or Toggle Bit CHECK bitBit3 -
–
11
Bits4-8 -
2^5=3232
SYSTEM ADDRESS EQUIPMENT
0 TV SET 1
1 TV SET 2
2 VIDEOTEXT
3 EXPANSION FOR TV 1 AND 2
4 LASER VIDEO PLAYER
5 VIDEO RECORDER 1 (VCR 1)
6 VIDEO RECORDER 2 (VCR 2)
7 RESERVED
8 SAT 1
9 EXPANSION FOR VCR 1 OR 2
10 SAT 2
11 RESERVED
12 CD VIDEO
13 RESERVED
14 CD PHOTO
15 RESERVED
16 AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER 1
17 RECEIVER / TUNER
18 TAPE / CASSETE RECORDER
19 AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER 2
20 CD
21 AUDIO RACK
22 AUDIO SAT RECEIVER
23 DCC RECORDER
24 RESERVED
25 RESERVED
26 WRITABLE CD
26-31 RESERVED
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 83 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Bits9-14 -
2^6=64 64
COMMAND (in decimal) DESCRIPTION of FUNCTION
0-9 NUMERIC KEYS 0 - 9
12 STANDBY
13 MUTE
14 PRESETS
16 VOLUME UP
17 VOLUME DOWN
18 BRIGHTNESS +
19 BRIGHTNESS -
20 COLOR SATURATION +
21 COLOR SATURATION -
22 BASS UP
23 BASS DOWN
24 TREBLE +
25 TREBLE -
26 BALANCE RIGHT
27 BALANCE LEFT
48 PAUSE
50 FAST REVERSE
52 FAST FORWARD-
53 PLAY
54 STOP
55 RECORD
63 SYSTEM SELECT
71 DIM LOCAL DISPLAY
77 LINEAR FUNCTION (+)
78 LINEAR FUNCTION (-)
80 STEP UP
81 STEP DOWN
82 MENU ON
83 MENU OFF
84 DISPLAY A/V SYS STATUS
85 STEP LEFT
86 STEP RIGHT
87 ACKNOWLEDGE
88 PIP ON/OFF
89 PIP SHIFT
90 PIP MAIN SWAP
91 STROBE ON/OFF
92 MULTI STROBE
93 MAIN FROZEN
94 3/9 MULTI SCAN
95 PIP SELECT
96 MOSAIC MULTI PIP
97 PICTURE DNR
98 MAIN STORED
99 PIP STROBE
100 RECALL MAIN PICTURE
101 PIP FREEZE
102 PIP STEP UP
103 PIP STEP DOWN
118 SUB MODE
119 OPTIONS BUS MODE
123 CONNECT
124 DISCONNECT
84
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
Interfacing IR Receiver to uC. IR
uPuC
"0"=On | "1" = off– 1
"1"inactivity 2
3
14
4
4.752mS
1.728mS
CLRM-2038S IR Module CLRM-2038S
CLRM-2038S
1
PCM 2
3
4
2.7V~5.5V 5
TTL, CMOS 6
NEC code,RC5 code 7
38KHZ 8
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 85 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
12m 9
10
Optical switch ·
Audio, TV, VCR, CD, MD, DVD, etc ·
Air-conditioner, Fan, CATV, etc ·
Pins Config. & Int ernal Di agram CLRM-2038S
CLRM-2038S
CLRM-2038S
86
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
Rc5 receiver interface
4.7uF
IRSAT Remote Control IRSAT
IRSAT RC5 TV Remote Control with 33 Keys ·
China (mainland) ·
AA x 2 ·
10 meters ·
3μ AStandby current ·
17x4.7x2.5cm ·
IRSAT Remote Control Key Commands IRSAT
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 87 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
COMMAND (in Hex) DESCRIPTION of FUNCTION
0-9 NUMERIC KEYS 0 - 9
12
13
14
16 VOLUME UP
17 VOLUME DOWN
18
19
20
21
22 BASS UP
23 BASS DOWN
24
25
26
27
48
50
52 F1
53 F2
54 F3
55 F4
63
71
RC5 Sender RC5
OC1(A)
88
Practical Class 4 Programming Microcontrollers
Bascom-AVR
RC5
Timer1 RC5SEND
$regfile = "m8def.dat" ' specify the used micro
$crystal = 4000000 ' used crystal frequency
Dim Togbit As Byte , Command As Byte , Address As Byte
Command = 12 ' power on off
Togbit = 0 ' make it 0 or 32 to set the toggle bit
Address = 0
Do
Waitms 200
Rc5send Togbit , Address , Command
Loop
End
RC5 Receiver RC5
Bascom-AVR
RC5
Timer0 getrc5
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 89 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
$regfile = "m8def.dat" ' specify the used micro
$crystal = 4000000 ' used crystal frequency
$baud = 19200 ' use baud rate
$lib "mcsbyte.lbx"
Config Rc5 = Pind.2 ' pin we want to use for the receiver input
Enable Interrupts ' enable the interrupts
Dim Address As Byte , Command As Byte 'reserve space for variables
Print "Waiting for RC5..."
Do
Getrc5(address , Command) ' check if a key on the remote is pressed
If Address = 0 Then 'we check for the TV address and that is
Command = Command And &B01111111 'clear the toggle bit (bit7)
Print Address ; " " ; Command
End If
Loop
End
Red: AGC pulses (ON)
Blue: Check bit (flipping)
White: Address (00)
Green: Command
90
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.14: 7-Segment Single Display
7-Segment
0 – 9 1
0 – 99 2
0 – 9999 3
92
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
CCCA
A,…..,H
B,C1
PortC
PortD
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 93 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
PortC
: اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﱵ ﱔ ﰲ ﺎ ﲻﻞ7-H 6-G 5-F 4-E 3-D 2-C 1-B 0-A
A.B.C.D.E.F 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B.C 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
A.B.D.E.G 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
A.B.C.D.G 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3
B.C.F.G 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4
A.C.D.F.G 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 5
A.C.D.E.F.G 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6
A.B.C 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7
A.B.C.D.E.F.G 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
A.B.C.D.F.G 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9
94
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
&HC0 &HF9 &HA4 &HB0 &H99 &H92 &H82 &HF8 &H80 &H90
:اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﱵ ﱔ ﰲ ﺎ ﲻﻞ PortC
7-H 6-G 5-F 4-E 3-D 2-C 1-B 0-A
A.B.C.D.E.F 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
B.C 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
A.B.D.E.G 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2
A.B.C.D.G 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
B.C.F.G 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 4
A.C.D.F.G 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 5
A.C.D.E.F.G 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 6
A.B.C 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7
A.B.C.D.E.F.G 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
A.B.C.D.F.G 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 9
&H3F &H06 &H5B &H4F &H66 &H6D &H7D &H07 &H7F &H6F
255 DEC&HFF
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 95 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
LUT: Look-Up Table
Data var1 , … , varn
.0
label Data LUT
var = Lookup(Index , label)
Index
Data LUT
Var = Lookupstr(Index , Label)
Indexlabel
value Index
Var = Lookdown(value,Label,Entries) label Data
Entries
Restore Label label Data LUT
Read Var
Data LUT
Read Var Restore
Var
96
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
0-9
SW344
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Porta = Output
Segment Alias Porta &H81
Porta = &H81
Config Portc.4 = Output
Ctr1 Alias Portc.4
Reset Ctr1
'---------------------
Dim I As Byte
'---------------------
Do
For I = 0 To 9
Segment = Lookup(i , Seg)
Waitms 1000
Next I
SegData
Loop Lookup
End
'---------------------
Seg:
Data &H81 , &HF3 , &H49 , &H61 , &H33 ,
&H25 , &H05 , &HF1 , &H01 , &H21
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 97 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
0 – 99
SW344,5
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Porta = Output
Segment Alias Porta
Porta = &H81
Config Portc.4 = Output &H81
Display1 Alias Portc.4
Config Portc.5 = Output
Display2 Alias Portc.5
Set Display1 : Set Display2
'---------------------
Dim I As Byte , J As Byte
'---------------------
Do
For I = 0 To 9
For J = 0 To 9
Segment = Lookup(i , Seg)
Reset Display1 : Waitms 20 SegData
Set Display1
Lookup
Segment = Lookup(j , Seg)
Reset Display2 : Waitms 20
Set Display2
Next J
Next I
Loop
End
'---------------------
Seg:
Data &H81 , &HF3 , &H49 , &H61 , &H33 ,
&H25 , &H05 , &HF1 , &H01 , &H21
98
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
0 – 9999
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'---------------------
Config Porta = Output
Segment Alias Porta
Porta = &H81
Config Portc = &B11110000 &H81
Display1 Alias Portc.4
Display2 Alias Portc.5
Display3 Alias Portc.6
Display4 Alias Portc.7
Set Display1 : Set Display2
Set Display3 : Set Display4
'---------------------
Dim I As Byte , J As Byte
Dim K As Byte , L As Byte
'---------------------
Do
For I = 0 To 9
For J = 0 To 9
For K = 0 To 9
For L = 0 To 9
Segment = Lookup(i , Seg)
Reset Display1 : Waitms 7
Set Display1
Segment = Lookup(j , Seg)
Reset Display2 : Waitms 7 SegData
Set Display2 Lookup
Segment = Lookup(k , Seg)
Reset Display3 : Waitms 7
Set Display3
Segment = Lookup(l , Seg)
Reset Display4 : Waitms 7
Set Display4
Next L
Next K
Next J
Next I
Loop
End
'---------------------
Seg:
Data &H81 , &HF3 , &H49 , &H61 , &H33 ,
&H25 , &H05 , &HF1 , &H01 , &H21
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 99 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.15: Real Time Clock
SW2
RTC
32.786 KHZ
TOSC1,2
100
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
Config Clock = Soft | User |
Config Date = Dmy , Separator = Char
Time$ = "hh:mm:ss"
Date$ = "mm/dd/yy"
Var = Time$
Var = Date$
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000 Directives
'----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3 Configure the LCD display
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
'----------------------
Config Clock = Soft
Config Date = Dmy , Separator = /
Enable Interrupts //
Time$ = "16:59:00"
Date$ = "14/04/08"
----------------------
Do
Print Time$
Print Date$
Lcd Time$ : Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd Date$
Wait 1
Cls
Loop
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 101 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.16: DAC using Ladder R-2R
R-2R
102
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
SW37
SW2
0 or 1
0-255 8-bit
0-5VDC00000000>>11111111
V OUT = V REF x VAL / 2N
Digital Input
0 ~ 255
Analog Output
0 ~ 5V
،8-bit
Vstep = VM / 2N = 5 / 255 = 0.019 Volt
Vout = Digval x V step
1000 0001=129
129 x 0.019 = 2.451V
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 103 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
V2V1
1
0-to-Vcc
4.5VVcc - 0.5V
2
3.9V
5V6.5V
D7
0 to 2.5V
104
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
5.5V ~ 12V
x
Var = Round(x) Round(2.3) = 2 , Round(2.8) = 3
Round(-2.3) = -2 , Round(-2.8) = -3
Var = Int(source) Ex: Int(134.567)=134
Var = Frac(source) Ex: Frac(134.567)=567
Var = Fix(x) EX: Fix(12.98)=12 x
Var=-1 x<0x
Var = Sgn(x)
Var=1 x>0
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
'----------------------
Config Porte = Output
Digital Alias Porte
'-----------------------
Dim I As Byte , V_out As Single
Const Vlot_step = 5 / 255
'-----------------------
Cls
Do
For I = 0 To 255
Digital = I
V_out = I * Vlot_step
Lcd "DAC OUT= " ; V_out
Wait 1 : Cls
Next I
Loop
End
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 105 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.17: Analog Comparator
SW2
JP11, JP12Jumpers
106
Practical Class 5 Programming Microcontrollers
ANI0
High AIN1
LowAIN0ANI1
1/
| Aci=On|off
1 Compare=On|off
Trigger
Config Aci= On|off ,
Compare= On|off , (Ain0 > Ain1) :Rising
Trigger = TOGGLE|RISING|FALLING Ain0
Ain1
(Ain0 < Ain1) :Falling
Ain0
Ain1
(Ain0 > Ain1 and Ain0 < Ain1) :Toggle
Enable Aci
On Aci label
label
Start Ac
Stop Ac
Enable Interrupts
Assembly
nop
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 107 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 ,
E = Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Aci = On , Compare = Off , Trigger =
Rising
On Aci Isr_aci
Enable Aci
Start Ac
Enable Interrupts
'-----------------------
Dim I As Byte
'-----------------------
Cls
Do
nop
Loop
End
'-----------------------
Isr_aci:
Cls
I = I + 1
Lcd "change: " ; I
Waitms 100
Return
108
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Interfacing with Microcontrollers
P rogramming E mbedded S
ystems M
icrocontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Powering Microcontroller
––
4.5VAVR
8MHZ3V
Vcc to Gnd
\
20~40mA
200mA
AVR
110
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Itotal = Ioperating_current + (8 x ILED)
2V
150Ω
ILED = V / R = (5 - 2) / 150 = 20mA
2.4mA
Itotal = 2.5mA + 8 x ILED = 8 x 20mA = 162.5mA
AVR
90mAPIC200mA
Source
Sink
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 111 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Calculating Current Resistor Value
LED
IF VF VF VR Luminous Viewing
Type Colour Wavelength
max. typ. max. max. intensity angle
Standard Red 20mA 2.0V 2.3V 5V 5mcd @ 10mA 60° 660nm
Super bright Bright red 25mA 3.0V 3.4V 5V 80mcd @ 10mA 60° 625nm
Standard Yellow 20mA 2.1V 2.3V 5V 32mcd @ 10mA 60° 590nm
Standard Green 20mA 3.2V 3.5V 5V 32mcd @ 10mA 60° 565nm
High intensity Blue 20mA 3.4V 3.6V 5V 60mcd @ 20mA 50° 430nm
Super bright White 20mA 3.4V 3.6V 5V 500mcd @ 20mA 60° 660nm
IF max
VF typ
VF max
VR max
Luminous intensity
Viewing angle
Wavelength
2V/20mA
=
5− 2 3
= = = 150Ω
20 20
= × =( − ) ×
= (5 − 2) × 20 = 60
1/4Watt 150Ω
112
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Using Transistors as Control Switches
20mA––
On/Off
BJT
FET
FET/MOSFET BJT
VBE=0.6V 1 – 10mA
nS10 (uS) 200MHZ
12
(10 )
100V
On/Off
IB=0Off state ·
IC = IB x hFE On active state ·
:(On saturate state ·
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 113 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
BC337
IC_max=800mA, V BE_saturate =0.65V, VCE_saturate=0.2V,
hFE = 100, VCE_max=50V
IC
VLED=2VILED= 20mA
IC = 5 x 20mA = 100mA
− 5−2
= = = 150Ω
20
=( − )×
= (5 − 2) × 100 = 300
100
= × → = = =1
100
= × = 0.2 × 100 = 20
− 5 − 0.7
= = = 4.3 Ω
1
=( − )×
= (5 − 0.7) × 1 = 4.3
114
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Practical Circuits of Transistors as Control Switches
BJT
(1) اﻟﺸﲁ “1”
GND /
NPN
(2) اﻟﺸﲁ
“0”
VCC /
PNP
VCC /NPN
GND/PNP
NPN
VCC/
VBE=0.7V
VE= VCC-VCE = 5 – 0.2 = 4.8V (E
VB = VPIN = 5V
VBE= VB – VE = 5 – 4.8 = 0.2V
IC
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 115 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
5V21
0.7V
(3) اﻟﺸﲁ 0.7~1V
(4) اﻟﺸﲁ
=
+
1
=5 = 0.87
4.7 + 1
Relay
3V, 5V, 6V, 9V, 12V, 15V, 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V
30mA ~ 300mA
Relay
116
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
(6) اﻟﺸﲁ
(5) اﻟﺸﲁ
24V12V65
Q8 “1”6
P, SK1
Electromotive Force
D1, D2
“0” or “1”
Q
(7) اﻟﺸﲁ NPN7
Q
Pull-Up
.(5V, 12V, ..
“1”
“0”
PNP8 (8) اﻟﺸﲁ
Q
“0”
“1” Q
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 117 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
MOSFET & FET
“N”
G
“P”
G
MOSFETL
“N”
VDS_max =200V, IDS_max = 160mA, RDS = 0.16Ω, VG =5V
VLoad = 15V, ILoad=100mA
VG =5V
EMF
5V ~ 25V
“P” MOSFET L
VDS_max =100V, IDS_max = 12A, RDS = 0.3Ω, VG =15V
118
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
. VLoad = 15V, ILoad=10
“0” BC337
“0” Q10
Q11
“1”
Q10
Q1115V
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 119 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Practical Circuits of Optocouplers
TTL
OPTO-ISOLATORS or PHOTO-COUPLERS
4Pin, 6Pin, 8Pin
120
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
2V
15mA
–– ––
–
P
“1”
“0”
P Q13
“0”
Q13 15V
“1”
“0”
“0”
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 121 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
“0”
BT138220V/50HZ IN1
“1”OUT1,2
C12 R51
122
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Designing a Liner DC Power Supply
95%
90V~265V / 45HZ~55HZ
220V AC
Transformer Rectifier Smoothing Regulating
220V / 12V AC / DC Capacitors 5VDC
5V DC
220V
220V
5V, 6V, 9V, 12V, 15V, 28V, 24V, 36V, 48V
200mA, 300mA, 400mA, 500mA, 1000mA, 1500mA
6x2, 8x2, 9x2, 12x2, 15x2, etc…
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 123 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
+ , - , ~
~
+ , -
1A, 2A, 4A, 6A, 10A, 14A, 25A, 40A
14A / 400V 6 Amp 4 Amp 1 Amp
124
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Vdc =
2Vm
Vdc =
2Vm Vdc = Vm
π π π
Vm Vm Vm
V = V = V =
rms 2 rms 2
rms 2
2 2V 2 2V 2V
Vdc = rms
Vdc = rms
Vdc = rms
p
p p
VDiod = Vm VDiod = 2Vm VDiod = Vm
I Diod = 0.5IL I Diod = 0.5IL I Diod = IL
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 125 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
×
=
×
fpeak value of unsmoothed DCVsIL
78XX78XX, 79XX
79XX
5V, 6V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 12V, 15V, 18V, 24V
126
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
1A 78XX or 79XX
1A
Transformer + Rectifier
Transformer + Rectifier + Smo ot hi ng
Transformer + Rectifier + Smo ot hi ng + Re gul ator
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 127 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Designing a Liner DC Power Supply Project
800mA5V
7.3V 5V
220V/9V
VRectifier_Bridge = VPPTrans – VDiod_Drop
VRectifier_Bridge = 9 – 1.4 = 7.6V
800mA
20%
IDevice = ILoad x 20%
IDevice = 0.8A x 20% = 1A
1000mA
1000uF ~ 2200uF
100uF ~ 220uF
100nF
100nF
128
Practical Class 6 Programming Microcontrollers
Diode
5V, 12V
5V, 12V
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 129 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
LM317
1.25V ~ 33V
= . × + +
Written by: Walid Balid, Embedded Systems Engineer,
Aleppo, on Sunday, 22th March, 2009
130
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.18: Interfacing n-Switch to a Single PIN
SW2S426
132
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
ADSC Start ADC Single
Config Adc= Single/Free, .Getadc
Prescaler = Auto, Start ADCFree
ADCH
Reference = off|Avcc|internal
and ADCL
Prescaler
Reference
Start Adc
Stop Adc
var = Getadc(channel) channel
Prescaler
50 ~200 KHz
200KHz
2.56VInternal Reference
AVCC
Vref
off
AVR
AVRmega
10-bit §
0 - VCC §
±2 LSB §
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 133 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
0.5 LSB §
13 – 260 Micro Sec §
15KSPS §
2.56V §
Single, Free §
§
§
50 ~1000 KHz §
§
§
x10 – x200 §
AVR
R=100Ω, C=100nFRCL=100uH, C=100nFLC
± 0.3V
134
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
Idle mode
“Single” ü
“Enable ADC ” ü
“Start ADC ” ü
“Idle ” ü
ü
“Stop ADC ” ü
ADC
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 135 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
210=1024 10-bit AVR
0 – VCC 0 – 1023
×
=
Vin
Vref
×
=
ADC
( )× ×
=
V Pos
VNeg
1X, 10X, 200XGAIN
ADC val
0 → 511 ≫
512 → 1023 ≫
136
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Avcc
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim W1 As Word , Voltage As Single
Dim Sw As String * 1
Const V_ref = 5
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_var
Gosub Check_sw
Gosub Show_temp
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_var:
W1 = Getadc(5)
Voltage = W1 * V_ref
Voltage = Voltage / 1024
Return
'----------------------
Check_sw:
Select Case W1
Case 150 To 250 : Sw = "1"
Case 300 To 400 : Sw = "2"
Case 550 To 700 : Sw = "3"
Case 750 To 850 : Sw = "4"
Case Else : Sw = "-"
End Select
Return
'----------------------
Show_temp:
Cls
Locate 1 , 1 : Lcd "VAR1= " ; W1
Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd "VOLT= " ; Voltage
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "Switch NO. " ; Sw
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 137 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.19: Reading Analog Liner Voltage
SW2S424,5
R107, R100
138
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Avcc
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim W1 As Integer , W2 As Integer ,
Temperature As Integer
Dim Voltage1 As Single , Voltage2 As Single
Const V_ref = 5
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_var
Gosub Show_var
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_var:
W1 = Getadc(3)
W2 = Getadc(4)
Voltage1 = W1 * V_ref
Voltage1 = Voltage1 / 1024
Voltage2 = W2 * V_ref
Voltage2 = Voltage2 / 1024
Return
'----------------------
Show_var:
Cls
Locate 1 , 1 : Lcd "VAR1= " ; W1
Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd "VAR2= " ; W2
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "VOLT1= " ; Voltage1
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "VOLT2= " ; Voltage2
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 139 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.20: Interfacing LDR
SW2S421
CDS
100Ω
350nm ~ 800nm2MΩ
LDRillumination
.
= ×
140
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
LUXL 340x103A
LDR Technical Specifications
Dark Resistance 1MΩ
Resistance @ 10 Lux 10 – 20 KΩ
Resistance @ 100 Lux 2 – 4 KΩ
Peak Spectral response 540nm
Maximum Voltage 150V peak AC or DC
Power Dissipation 100mW
Operating Temperature -30°C to + 70°C
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Avcc
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim Ldr_r As Single, W1 As Word
Dim Vin As Single
Dim Var1 As Single , Var2 As Single
Const V_ref = 5 : Const Vcc = 5
Const R_serial = 10000
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_adc
Gosub Calc_r
Gosub Show_val
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_adc:
W1 = Getadc(0)
Return
'----------------------
Calc_r:
Vin = W1 * V_ref
'LDR R=(Vin.10K)/(Vcc-Vin)
Vin = Vin / 1024
Var1 = Vcc - Vin
Var2 = Vin * R_serial
Ldr_r = Var2 / Var1
Return
'----------------------
Show_val:
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 141 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Cls
Locate 1 , 1 : Lcd "ADC= " ; W1
Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd "Vin= " ; Vin
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "LDR= " ; Ldr_r
Return
Exp.21: Interfacing NTC Resistor NTC
NTC
SW2S422
Negative Temperature ) NTC
(Coefficient
142
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
10K 25°C
= ×
25°C
3450
° = −
273°K
273°K + 25°C = 298°K
° = −
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 143 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Avcc
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim W1 As Word , Voltage As Single
Dim Temp As Single
Dim F1 As Single, Ntc_volt As Single
Const V_ref = 5
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_temp
Gosub Show_temp
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_temp:
W1 = Getadc(1)
Ntc_volt = W1 * V_ref
Ntc_volt = Ntc_volt / 1024 'Beta/Tamp = 4250/298 = 14.2167
F1 = 1024 - W1
F1 = W1 / F1
F1 = Log(f1)
F1 = F1 + 14.2617
F1 = 4250 / F1
Temp = F1 - 273
Return
'----------------------
Show_temp:
Cls
Locate 1 , 1 : Lcd "VAR1= " ; W1
Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd "VOLT= " ; Ntc_volt
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "TEMP= " ; Temp
Return
144
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.22: Interfacing LM35 LM35
LM35DZ
-45°C ~ +145°C
SW2S427,8
LM35
12 V
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 145 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
℃ →
10mV
× . ×
= = =4
.
4
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Internal
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim W1 As Integer , W2 As Integer ,
Temperature As Integer
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_temp
Gosub Show_temp
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_temp:
W1 = Getadc(6) ' 4 steps = 1 degree
W2 = Getadc(7)
Temperature = W1 - W2
Temperature = Temperature / 4
Return
'----------------------
Show_temp:
Cls
Lcd "Temp= " ; Temperature ; " C"
Return
146
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.23: Interfacing Pressure Sensor
SW2S423
“Freescale” MPXAZ6115A
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 147 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
15 ~ 115 kPa(kilopascals)
101.325-kPa 1-atm(atmosphere)
Atmosphere = 101,325 * Pascal
Atmosphere = 1.013 * bar
15 ~ 115 kPa0.2V ~ 4.8V
= × ( . × − . ) ∓ ( × × 0.009 × )
= . ∓ .
1.5kPa
= × ( . × − . )
.
= +
. × .
100m 7mbar
310mbar8848m
Pressure-to-altitudeAltimeters
148
Practical Class 7 Programming Microcontrollers
. . / ∙
ℎ= ∙ 1−
. /
Zero altitude pressure = 101325Pa = 1’013.25mbar; (100Pa = 1mbar)
Zero altitude temperature = 288.15K
Temperature gradient = 6.5K/1000m
∗
R is the specific gas cons tant : = = 287.052
.
12km
+/-100m
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
'-----------------------
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 =
Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , E
= Portc.2 , Rs = Portc.3
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto ,
Reference = Avcc
Start Adc
'----------------------
Dim W1 As Word , Voltage As Single ,
Pressure As Single
Const V_ref = 5
'----------------------
Do
Gosub Get_temp
Gosub Show_temp
Wait 1
Loop
'----------------------
Get_temp:
W1 = Getadc(2)
Voltage = W1 * V_ref
Voltage = Voltage / 1024
Pressure = Voltage / 0.045
Pressure = Pressure + 10.55
Return
'----------------------
Show_temp:
Cls
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 149 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Locate 1 , 1 : Lcd "VAR1= " ; W1
Locate 2 , 1 : Lcd "VOLT= " ; Voltage
Locate 3 , 1 : Lcd "PRES= " ; Pressure
Return
LM317
1.3V~5VP62R118
LM385LM317
LM385
1.3V:LM385-1.3
2.5V:LM385-2.5
1.1V~5VLM385
150
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.24:External Interrupts
INT0 ~ INT7
JP5, JP6, JP8
152
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Do
If Key1 = 0 Then
...
...
Debounce
End If
Debounce Key1 , 0 , Sw1 , Sub
Bitwait Key1, reset Bitwait
Loop
x=0,1,~,7
State
Falling
Config Intx = State
Rising
“0”Low Level
Change
On Intx label
label
Enable Intx
Disable Intx
Enable Interrupts
Int0
Disable Int0
Enable Int0
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 153 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Enable Interrupts
154
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 9600
'-----------------------
Config Int0 = Rising
Config Int1 = Rising
Config Int2 = Change
Config Int3 = Change ATmega128x=0,1,~,7
Config Int4 = Falling
Config Int5 = Falling
Config Int6 = Change
Config Int7 = Low Level
On Int0 Int0_isr
On Int1 Int1_isr
On Int2 Int2_isr
On Int3 Int3_isr
On Int4 Int4_isr label
On Int5 Int5_isr
On Int6 Int6_isr
On Int7 Int7_isr Nosave
Porte = &B11110000 : Portd = &B00000000
Enable Int0 : Enable Int1
Enable Int2 : Enable Int3
Enable Int4 : Enable Int5
Enable Int6 : Enable Int7
Enable Interrupts
'-----------------------
Do
nop
Loop Until Inkey() = 27
End
'-----------------------
Int0_isr:
Disable Interrupts INT0
Print "Int0 Occurred at Falling Edge!"
Enable Interrupts
Return
'-----------------------
Int1_isr: INT1
Print "Int1 Occurred at Falling Edge!"
Return
'-----------------------
Int2_isr: INT2
Print "Int2 Occurred at Low Level!"
Return
INT3
'-----------------------
Int3_isr:
Print "Int3 Occurred at Low Level!"
Return
INT4
'-----------------------
Int4_isr:
Print "Int4 Occurred at
Return
Rising Edge!"
'----------------------- INT5
Int5_isr:
Print "Int5 Occurred at Rising Edge!"
Return
'-----------------------
Int6_isr:
INT6
Disable Int6
Print "Int6 Occurred at Change of Edge!"
Return
INT7
'-----------------------
Int7_isr:
Disable Int7
Print "Int7 Occurred at Change of Edge!" low
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 155 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.25: Dealing with Timers
Timer1 Timer0
/
/ AVR
AVR /
/
/
16bit 8bit
16bit /0 – 255 8bit /
0 – 65536
Clock /
Prescaler
Value
Clock Timer Register [8/16 bit]
Inc/Dec
/ /
/
/Overflow
/ 255>8bit | 65535>16bit
156
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Prescaler
10bit
/ Clock/
Prescaler = 1 TIMERClock = FCPU
Prescaler = 8 TIMERClock = FCPU / 8
Prescaler = 64 TIMERClock = FCPU / 64
Prescaler = 256 TIMERClock = FCPU / 256
Prescaler = 1024 TIMERClock = FCPU / 1024
T0, T1/Clock
=
T
NTIMER1=16NTIMER0=8 N
[1, 8, 64, 256 or 1024]Prescaler
fOSC
Clock
=
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 157 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Prescaler=64fOSC=2MHZ
Clock
= = = 31250
= = = 0.000032 = 32µ
23uS
Timer0, Timer1
Timing of Timer0 at fOSC = 1MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.001 0.008 0.064 0.256 1.024
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.256 2.048 16.384 65.536 262.144
Timing of Timer0 at fOSC = 2MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.0005 0.004 0.032 0.128 0.512
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.128 1.024 8.192 32.768 131.072
Timing of Timer0 at fOSC = 4MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.00025 0.002 0.016 0.064 0.256
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.064 0.512 4.096 16.384 65.536
Timing of Timer0 at fOSC = 8MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.000125 0.001 0.008 0.032 0.128
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.032 0.256 2.048 8.192 32.768
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 1MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.001 0.008 0.064 0.256 1.024
Maximum Timer Period (Sec) 0.0655 0.5243 4.1943 16.777 67.1088
158
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 2MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.0005 0.004 0.032 0.128 0.512
Maximum Timer Period (Sec) 0.0328 0.262 2.097 8.3886 33.554
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 4MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.00025 0.002 0.016 0.064 0.256
Maximum Timer Period (Sec) 0.016 0.131 1.049 4.194 16.777
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 8MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (mSec) 0.000125 0.001 0.008 0.032 0.128
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.0082 0.0655 0.5243 2.097 8.3886
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 12MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (uSec) 0.0833 0.666 5.333 21.333 85.333
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.0055 0.0437 0.3495 1.3981 5.5924
Timing of Timer1 at fOSC = 16MHZ
Prescaler 1 8 64 256 1024
Timer Resolution in (uSec) 0.0625 0.5 4 16 64
Maximum Timer Period (mSec) 0.0041 0.0328 0.262 1.0486 4.1943
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 159 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Config Timer0 = Timer , 8bitTimer0
Prescale = 1|8|64|256|1024 Prescaler
Config Timer0 = Counter , 8bitTimer0
Prescale = 1|8|64|256|1024 ,
Edge
Edge = Rising / Falling ,
Clear Timer = 1|0 Clear
Start Timer0
|Timer0|
Stop Timer0
Enable Ovf0 / Enable Timer0
Timer0|
Disable Ovf0 / Disable Timer0
On Ovf0 T0_isr T0_isr
Timer0 = Value
Value = Timer0 Timer0|
Config Timer1 = Counter|Timer, Edge = Rising|Falling, Prescale = 1|8|64|256|1024,
Noise Cancel = 0|1 , Capture Edge = Rising|Falling , Clear Timer = 1|0,
Compare A = Clear|Set|Toggle|Disconnect, Compare B = Clear|Set|Toggle|Disconnect
16bit|Timer1
|Edge
Prescaler
Timer1|Noise Cancel
Timer1Capture Edge
Timer1|Clear Timer
OCR1A OC1ACompare A
OC1A"Inv""0""1"TCNT1Timer1
OCR1BOC1BCompare B
OC1B"Inv""0""1"TCNT1Timer1
Stop Timer1
|Timer1|
Start Timer1
Enable Ovf1 / Enable Timer0
Disable Ovf1 / Disable Timer0
Timer1|
On Ovf1 T1_isr T1_isr
Enable Capture1
Disable Capture1
Timer1|
On Capture1 Cpa1_isr Cap1_isr
Enable Compare1a
Enable Compare1b
Timer1|
On Compare1a Oc1a
OC1a/b
On Compare1b Oc1b
Compare1a = Value
Timer1
Compare1b = Value
Value = Compare1a
Timer1
Value = Compare1b
160
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
AVR
Normal Mode
1MHZ
1uSecClock1uS
50mSec
× .
= = = = 50000
×
Timer0
Timer1255
50mS
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer , Prescale = 1
Start Timer1
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0
'-----------------------
Do
If Timer1 >= 50000 Then
Stop Timer1
Toggle Led
Timer1 = 0
Start Timer1
End If
Loop
End
5x10ms=50ms
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 161 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Overflow
fOSC, Prescaler, N
“ 1 OVF1 or 2 OVF0”
CPU“TIFR”
Tifr.x3 = 1“1”
“1”
[Tifr.x = 1]
=2 − 1
Maximum Timer Period
=2
N=8, 16 ·
fOSC ·
Prescaler ·
Timer = Max
T0_Max= 255, T1_Max= 65536
Tifr.x=1
Timer
Timer = 0
Timer=0
Start Timer
1
OVF1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Flag located in TIFR/bit 2, to check or reset this bit: TIFR.2=1
2
OVF0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag located in TIFR/bit 0, to check or reset this bit: TIFR.0=1
3
X = 0 for Timer0, X = 2 for Timer1
162
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer,
Prescale = 1 65536µSec
Start Timer1
65536 Timer1
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0 1MHZ
'-----------------------
Do
If Tifr.2 = 1 Then
Tifr.2 = 1
Stop Timer1
Toggle Led
Start Timer1 65536us
End If
Loop
End
Overflow INT
Hardware
TIFR
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer ,
Prescale = 1
Enable Ovf1
On Ovf1 T1_isr
65536µSec
65536 Timer1
Enable Interrupts
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0 1MHZ
Dim Flag As Bit
Start Timer1
'-----------------------
Do
If Flag = 1 Then
Reset Flag
Toggle Led 65536us
Start Timer1
End If
Loop
End
'-----------------------
T1_isr:
Stop Timer1 : Set Flag
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 163 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Overflow
Interrupt
Max 0
CTCOCR Mode
Timer1 OCR0 Timer0
OCR2Timer2OCR1A, OCR1B
TCNT=OCRnx TCNTn
OCFnx
TCCR1B WGM12=1“1”
×
=
OCR1AL, OCR1AH
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 Timer1
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer , 641MHZ1Sec
Prescale = 64
Compare1a = 15625
×
Set Tccr1b.3 = =
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0
Start Timer1
'----------------------- 1Sec15620
Do
If Tifr.4 = 1 Then
Stop Timer1
Timer1 = 0
Toggle Led
Tifr.4 = 1
Start Timer1
End If
Loop 1Sec
End
'-----------------------
164
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Timer1Max
65536
TCNT1 OCR1A
TCNT1
= OCR1A=
OCR1A 15620
Tifr.4=1 Start Timer
Timer=0
CTC Mode using Interrupt
Tifr.4
Tifr.4 OCIEnx
OCF1A
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
Timer1
$crystal = 1000000
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer ,
Prescale=64,Clear Timer=1 641MHZ1Sec
On Compare1a Timer1_isr
Compare1a = 15625
Enable Compare1a ×
= =
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0
Dim Flag As Bit
Start Timer1 1Sec 15620
Enable Interrupts
'-----------------------
Do 1Sec
If Flag = 1 Then
Reset Flag
Toggle Led
Start Timer1
End If
Loop
'-----------------------
Timer1_isr:
1Sec
Stop Timer1 : Set Flag
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 165 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
OCR1B OCR1A
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 Timer1
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer , OC1A 1Sec
Compare A= Toggle, Compare B= Toggle
, Prescale = 64
Compare1a = 15625
OC1B 2Sec
Pinb.0
Compare1b = 31250
On Compare1a Oc1a
On Compare1b Oc1b
Enable Compare1a 641MHZ
Enable Compare1b
×
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0
= =
Dim Flag1 As Bit , Flag2 As Bit
×
Start Timer1 = =
Enable Interrupts
'-----------------------
Do
If Flag1 = 1 Then
Reset Flag1 : Toggle Led
End If
If Flag2 = 1 Then
Reset Flag2 : Toggle Led
Timer1 = 0 : Start Timer1
End If
Loop
End
'-----------------------
Oc1a:
Set Flag1
Return
'-----------------------
Oc1b:
Set Flag2 : Stop Timer1
Return
OC1B
OC1A
LED
166
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
CTC Overflow Mode
TimerxMAX
×
_ = −
= − _
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 Timer1
'-----------------------
Config Timer1 = Timer , 641MHZ1Sec
Prescale=64
On Timer1 Timer1_isr
×
Timer1 = 49911 = − =
Enable Timer1
Config Portb.0 = Output
Led Alias Portb.0
Dim Flag As Bit
Start Timer1
Enable Interrupts
'-----------------------
Do
If Flag = 1 Then 1Sec
Reset Flag
Toggle Led
Start Timer1
End If
Max Start
Loop
End
'-----------------------
49911
Timer1_isr: Overflow
Stop Timer1
Set Flag Interrupt
Timer1 = 49911
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 167 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Timer1Max
65536
Tifr.2=1
Start Timer
TCNT = 49911
TCNT1
Capture Mode
ICP Timer1
Capture
ICR1Capture1TCCR1Timer1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 0 1
$baud = 4800
'---------------------- Max
Config Timer1 = Timer, Capture Edge = Rising
, Noise Cancel = 1 , Prescale = 1024
Start Timer1
Config Pinb.0 = Input
Portb.0 = 1
'----------------------
Do
Print "Timer: " ; Timer1
Print "Icr1l: " ; Icr1l
Print "Icr1H: " ; Icr1h
Print "Capture: " ; Capture1
Print "--------------"
Loop
End
Capture Mode Interrupt
Timer1 ICP
(ICR1) Capture1 TCCR1
168
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 0 1
$baud = 4800
'---------------------- Max
Config Timer1 = Timer , Capture Edge =
Rising , Noise Cancel = 1 , Prescale = 1024
Enable Interrupts
Enable Capture1
Start Timer1
On Icp1 Timer1_cpa_isr
Config Pinb.0 = Input
Portb.0 = 1
'----------------------
Do
nop
Loop
End
'----------------------
Timer1_cpa_isr:
Stop Timer1
Disable Capture1
Print "Timer: " ; Timer1
Print "Captr: " ; Capture1
Capture1 = 0 : Timer1 = 0
Enable Capture1
Start Timer1
Return
Counters
To, T1
T0, T1
TCNTx
Timer0 T0
255
Timer1T1
65535
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 169 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Conter0 Normal ModeCounter1
T0 (1)
255
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer0 = Counter , Edge = Falling
Start Timer0
Tcnt0 = 0
'----------------------
Do
nop
Print Counter0
Loop Until Tcnt0 >= 255
End
170
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
1Sec T0(2)
255HZ
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer0 = Counter , Edge = Falling
, Prescale = 1
Stop Timer0
Config Pind.4 = Input
'----------------------
Do
Counter0 = 0
Start Counter0
Waitms 1000
Stop Counter0
Print "Counter0: " ; Counter0 ; "HZ"
Loop
Overflow Counter0 Interrupt Counter1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 (3)
T0
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
1Sec
Config Timer0 = Counter , Edge = Falling ,
On Timer0 Counter0_isr
Enable Timer0
Enable Interrupts
>255
'----------------------
Dim Count As Word , Fereq As Long
Do
Start Timer0
Waitms 1000
Stop Timer0
Fereq = Count * 255
Fereq = Fereq + Timer0
Print "Fereq= " ; Fereq
Timer0 = 0 : Count = 0
Loop
End
'----------------------
Counter0_isr:
Incr Count
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 171 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Overflow Counter0 Interrupt Counter1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 (4)
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer0 = Counter , Edge = Falling ,
Prescaler = 1
Timer0 = 255 - 10
Enable Timer0
Enable Interrupts
On Timer0 Counter0_isr “155”“100”
'----------------------
Dim Count As Byte
Do
nop
Loop Counter0
End
'---------------------- 10
Counter0_isr:
Load Timer0 , 10
Incr Count
Print "Count=" ; Count
Return
Capture ModeCounter1
Counter0Counter1
§
§
§
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 0 1(5)
Max
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer1 = Counter , Prescale = 1024 ,
Edge = Rising , Capture Edge = Falling ,
Noise Cancel = 1
Start Timer1
Config Pinb.0 = Input
Portb.0 = 1
'----------------------
Do
Print "Timer: " ; Counter1
Print "Icr1l: " ; Icr1l
Print "Icr1H: " ; Icr1h
Print "Capture: " ; Capture1
Loop
End
172
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Capture Mode InterruptCounter1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000 Counter1 (6)
T1
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer1 = Counter , Edge = Falling ,
Capture Edge = Falling , Noise Cancel = 1 ,
Prescale = 1
Enable Timer1
Enable Capture1
On Capture1 Ctr1_cpa_isr
Enable Interrupts
Config Pinb.0 = Input
Portb.0 = 1
'----------------------
Do
nop
Loop
End
'----------------------
Ctr1_cpa_isr:
Stop Counter1
Disable Capture1
Print "Counter1: " ; Counter1
Print "Capture1: " ; Capture1
Enable Capture1
Start Counter1
Return
Counter1 OC ModeCounter1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000 Counter1 :(7)
'----------------------
Config Timer1 = Counter , Edge = Rising ,
Prescaler
Prescale = 8 , Compare A = Toggle
Compare1a = 102
Config Portb.1 = Output
OC1A Compare1a
'----------------------
Do
nop
Loop 38Khz~13uS
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 173 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Timer1 & Timer0
20uSTimer0
=2 = 256 = 20
.
1Sec
= = = 500000
Cnt=0Cnt = 49999Timer050000
T1 Timer1
1Sec
65536 Timer1
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 12800000 ' External 12.8MHZ
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Config Timer1 = Counter , Edge = Rising , Noise Cancel = 1
Config Timer0 = Timer , Prescale = 1 '20uS
On Timer0 Timer0_isr
On Timer1 Timer1_isr
Stop Timer0
Stop Counter1
Config Pind.5 = Input
'----------------------
Dim Frequency As Long , Flag As Bit , Overflow As Byte , Cnt As Word
'----------------------
Enable Timer0
Enable Timer1
Enable Interrupts
174
Practical Class 8 Programming Microcontrollers
Print "Frequency Counter"
Main:
Counter1 = 0 : Overflow = 0 : Cnt = 49999
'----------------------
Start Timer0
Start Counter1
'----------------------
Do
If Flag = 1 Then
Reset Flag
Frequency = Overflow * 65536
Frequency = Frequency + Counter1
Print "Frequency= " ; Frequency ; " HZ"
Goto Main
End If
Loop
'----------------------
Timer1_isr:
Incr Overflow
Return
'----------------------
Timer0_isr:
If Cnt <> 0 Then
Decr Cnt
Else
Stop Counter1
Stop Timer0
Set Flag
End If
Return
'----------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 175 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
1nF~100uF
“0”
50KΩ
2.7V
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$baud = 4800
'----------------------
Dim T As Long , C As Single
'----------------------
Do
T = 0
Config Pinb.0 = Output
Portb.0 = 0 'Low Z, 0V
Waitms 1000 ~2.7V
Config Pinb.0 = Input
Portb.0 = 1
Do
T = T + 1
Loop Until Pinb.0 = 1
C = T * 0.0866
C = Round(c)
Print C ; " nF"
Loop
End
2.7V
176
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Exp.26:Serial Communications RS232
RS232
·
·
Serial Communications Parallel
Asynchronous Synchronous Communications
· Morse code telegraphy o I2C § LPT
· RS-232 (COM Port) o SPI § ISA
· RS-423 o PS2 § EISA
· RS-485 § VESA
§ ATA
· Universal Serial Bus (USB)
§ SCSI
· FireWire
§ PCI
· Ethernet § PCMCIA
· Fiber Channel1 § IEEE-1284
· InfiniBand2 § IEEE-488
· MIDI3
· DMX5124
· Serial ATA5
· SpaceWire6
· PCI Express
· SONET and SDH7
· T-1, E-18
1
High-speed, for connecting computers to mass storage devices
2
Very high speed, broadly comparable in scope to PCI
3
Control of electronic musical instruments
4
Control of theatrical lighting
5
New replacement for parallel IDE
6
Spacecraft communication network
7
High speed telecommunication over optical fibers
8
High speed telecommunication over copper pairs
178
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
RS232
DTE9
DCE10
TTL
+3V ~ +25V"Space"“0” Ø
.-3V ~ -25V"Mark"“1” Ø
.-3V ~ +3V“x” Ø
“GND”±25V
500mA
9
Data Terminal Equipment (computer)
10
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (modem)
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 179 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS232
Advantages Disadvantages
ü System-to-System ×
Chip-2-Chip
50 ü .Chip-2-Sensor
×
±25 ü RS232<>TTL ×
“0” , “1” Single Master/Single Slave ×
ü ×
RS232
Serial Port “COM” RS232
Port Address
COM1 0x3F8
COM2 0x2F8
COM3 0x3E8
COM4 0x2E8
DB-9PinCOMx
180
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
1, 2, 3, …., 9
Pin Name Direction Function Description
1 CD In Control Carrier Detect
2 RXD In Data Receive Data
3 TXD Out Data Transmit Data
4 DTR Out Control Data Terminal Ready
5 GND --- Ground System Ground
6 DSR In Control Data Set Ready
7 RTS Out Control Request to Send
8 CTS In Control Clear to Send
9 RI In Control Ring Indicator
: C D – C a r r i e r D e t e c t ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D C E t o D T E )
:RxD – Receive Data (Data sent from DCE to DTE)
DTEDCE
Idle State, “1 or Negative”(Mark state, “0 or Positive”
:TxD – Transmit Data (Data sent from DTE to DCE)
DCEDTE
Idle State, “1 or Negative”Mark state, “0 or Positive”
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 181 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
: D T R – D a t a T e r m i n a l R e a d y ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D T E t o D C E )
DTE
DCE
: D S R – D a t a S e t R e a d y ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D C E t o D T E )
DTEDCE
“1”“0”
: R T S – R e q u e s t T o S e n d ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D T E t o D C E )
DTE DCE
“1” “0”
: C T S – C l e a r T o S e n d ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D C E t o D T E )
DTE
DCE
“1” “0”
: R I – R i n g I n d i c a t o r ( C o n t r o l s e n t fr o m D C E t o D T E )
DTE
“TxD ”
“RxD ”
182
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Hardware handshaking
TxD, RxDRTS, CTS
CTS Ø
RTS Ø
RTS
Ø
·
RTS ·
RS232
SPECIFICATIONS RS232 RS423
Mode of Operation SINGLE-ENDED SINGLE-ENDED
Total Number of Drivers and Receivers on One Line 1DRIVER/1RECVR 1DRIVER/10RECVR
Maximum Cable Length 50 FT 4000 FT
Maximum Data Rate 20kb/s 100kb/s
Maximum Driver Output Voltage ±25V ±6V
Driver Output Signal Level (Loaded Min.) Loaded ±5V to ±15V ±3.6V
Driver Output Signal Level (Unloaded Max) Unloaded ±25V ±6V
Driver Load Impedance (Ohms) 3k to 7k >=450
Max. Driver Current in High Z State Power On N/A N/A
Max. Driver Current in High Z State Power Off ±6mA @ ±2v ±100uA
Slew Rate (Max.) 30V/µS Adjustable
Receiver Input Voltage Range ±15V ±12V
Receiver Input Sensitivity ±3V ±200mV
Receiver Input Resistance (Ohms) 3k to 7k 4k min
Shield24AWG
100Ω16PF/FT
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 183 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
AsynchronizeSynchronize
clock or strobe
\
Start Bit
Stop Bit
184
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Full-DuplexHalf-Duplex ü
6, 7 or 8bit ü
Baud Rate ü
Parity Bit ü
Even or Odd
1, 1.5 or 2 ü
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex
Parity Bit
“0” “Even”
“1”
10110010 > Parity Bit = 0 | 10110110 > Parity Bit = 1
“0”“Odd”
.“1”
10110010 > Parity Bit = 1 | 10110110 > Parity Bit = 0
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 185 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
N
ASCII=127 N=7bit5, 6, 7 or 8bit
1, 1.5 or 2 Stop Bit
Baud Rate
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, etc…
/ =
186
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
RS232
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 187 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS232
8250-UART
IOR, Input/Output Register/
COM1: 0x3F8 | COM2: 0x2F8
TxDRxD
LCR, Line Control Register
COM1: 0x3FB | COM2: 0x2FB
LSR, Line Status Register
COM1: 0x3FD | COM2: 0x2FD
MCR, Modem Control Register
COM1: 0x3FC | COM2: 0x2FC
8250
188
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
MSR, Modem Status Register
COM1: 0x3FE | COM2: 0x2FE
“dxxx=1”
IER, Interrupt Enable Register
COM1: 0x3F9 | COM2: 0x2F9
“1” Active COM
COM2IRQ3COM1IRQ4
IIR, Interrupt Identification Re gi ster
COM1: 0x3FA | COM2: 0x2FA
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 189 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
COM3
8250
"Divisor"1.8432MHZ
1.8432 × 10
=
16 ×
Divisor9600bps
1.8432 × 10 1.8432 × 10
= = = 12
16 × 16 × 9600
UART8250D=12
LCRBit7=1 ·
0x3F8LSB ·
0x3F9MSB ·
LCRBit7=0 ·
190
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
VB, MVS2008.netCOM
ActiveX & OCX Components
Bios
MSCOMM32.ocx“OCX”“MSComm”VB6
COM
System32
VB6SP6
“Standard EXE”
VB6
“Enterprice Edition”
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 191 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
VB6 “Microsoft Visual Studio 2008”
SerialPort
.(VB.net, C#.net or C++.net.net
SerialPort
VB6
VB6
(COM
Test1/ProjRS232.vbp
OutGoing
Send Data
InComing
192
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Private Sub Form_Load()
MSComm1.CommPort = 1
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,N,8,1"
MSComm1.RThreshold = 1
MSComm1.InputLen = 0
MSComm1.InBufferCount = 0
End Sub
Private Sub cmdClear_Click()
txtOutput.Text = ""
txtInput.Text = ""
End Sub
Private Sub optCOM1_Click()
MSComm1.CommPort = 1
End Sub
Private Sub optCOM2_Click()
MSComm1.CommPort = 2
End Sub
Private Sub optOpen_Click()
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
End Sub
Private Sub optClose_Click()
MSComm1.PortOpen = Flase
End Sub
Private Sub optTXT_Click()
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeText
End Sub
Private Sub optBIN_Click()
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeBinary
End Sub
Private Sub cmdSendData_Click()
MSComm1.Output = txtOutput.Text & Chr(13)
End Sub
Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
If MSComm1.PortOpen = True Then MSComm1.PortOpen = Flase
End
End Sub
Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm()
Static sBuff As String
If MSComm1.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then
If optBIN.Value = True Then
sBuff = sBuff & StrConv(MSComm1.Input, vbUnicode)
txtInput.Text = sBuff
Else
txtInput.Text = txtInput.Text & MSComm1.Input
End If
End If
End Sub
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 193 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
:“MSComm”
MSComm1.CommPort = N
N
MSComm1.Settings = "Baud,Parity,Bits,Stop"
MSComm1.RThreshold = n
comEvReceive
n=0
MSComm1.InputLen = n
n=0
MSComm1.InBufferSize = n
1~1024
MSComm1.OutBufferSize = n
1~1024
MSComm1.InBufferCount = n
MSComm1.OutBufferCount = n
MSComm1.PortOpen = True | Flase
|
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeText | comInputModeBinary
Input|
var = MSComm1.InPut
MSComm1.OutPut = var
MSComm1.CommEvent = Value
Value
comEvCD CD
comEvCTS CTS
comEvDSR DSR
comEvRing RI
comEvReceive RThreshold
comEvSend SThreshold
comEvEOF vbCrLf
MSComm1.DTREnable = True | Flase
“0” “1”TrueDTR | |
“0”Flase
MSComm1.Handshaking = comNone|comRTS|comXOnXoff|comRTSXOnXOff
194
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
MSComm1.RTSEnable = True | Flase
“1”TrueHardwareRTS | |
“0”Flase“0”
Poling the Port ü
Footer ByteHeader Byte
OnComm() event ü
OnComm
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 195 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Matlab
Matlab
obj = serial('Port','PropertyName',PropertyValue,...)
Ser = serial('COM1','BaudRate',9600,'DataBits',8, 'Parity','non');
fopen(obj)
fopen(Ser);
fclose(obj)
fclose(Ser);
delete(obj)
delete(Ser);
fprintf(fid, format, A, ...)
fprintf(Ser,'This is Test');
TXT
fwrite(fid, format, A, ...)
fwrite(Ser,4);
BIN
A = fscanf(fid, format)
A = fscanf(Ser);
TXT
A = fread(fid)
A = fread(Ser);
BIN
ser = serial('COM1','BaudRate',9600,'DataBits',8);
fopen(ser)
fprintf(ser,'This is Test')
A = fscanf(ser);
fprintf(ser,A)
for i=1:5
fwrite(ser,i);
end
A = fread(ser);
fwrite(ser,A);
fclose(ser)
delete(ser)
clear ser
196
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
TTL <> RS232
RS232
TTL
Adapter
Max232
TTL<>RS232
RS232 TTL<>RS232
Max232UART
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 197 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS232 TTL<>RS232
UART
198
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.27: UART Interface UART
UART
TxD, RxDS312,4
RS232
.UART
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 199 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter Int erface UART
TTL RS232
UART RS232
MCU-MCU
MCU-PC
AVR
TXD, RXDUART ü
TXD, RXDUSART ü
XCK
UART Frame Format
RS232 UART
St: Start bit, always low.
Data bits: (0 to 8).
P : Parity bit (Can be odd or even)
Sp: Stop bit, always high.
IDLE: No transfers on the communication line (RxD or TxD), IDLE line is high.
200
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Baud Rate Register
0 – 4095 UBRRH and UBRR UBRR
9600bps 1Mhz UBRR
1000000
, = − = − 1 = 5.510416 ≈ 6
× 16 × 9600
9600
0.5%
5%
[%] = − × %
9600
[%] = − 1 × 100% = 7.52%
8928.571
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 201 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
$baud = Var .UART0 (Hardware)
Baud = Var UART0 (Hardware)
$BAUD1 = var .UART1 (Hardware)
Baud1 = Var UART1 (Hardware)
Baud #x , BaudRate x UART0 (Software)
Baud1 #x , BaudRate x UART1 (Software)
Print Var ; "const" .UART0
Print [#channel,] Var; "const" .channel UARTx
.UARTx
Printbin Var [; Varn]
[; Varn]
.channel UARTx
Printbin #channel, Var [;Varn]
[; Varn]
UART0RS232
["prompt"]
Input ["prompt"] , Var [,Varn]
Var
n=1,2…[,Varn]
Input #ch, Var [,Varn ] .ch UART0RS232
UART0RS232
Inputbin Var1 [,Var2]
[,Var2]
Inputbin #channel, Var1[,Var2] .ch UARTxRS232
Inputhex ["prompt"],Var[,Varn] HEXUART0RS232
var = INKEY() .UART0buffer Ascii
UARTx buffer Ascii
Var = Inkey(#channel)
.“0” .channel
UART0 buffer
var = WAITKEY()
Ascii
UARTx buffer
Var = Waitkey(#channel)
Asciichannel
“1” UART0 buffer
Var = Ischarwaiting() “0“
202
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
“1” UARTx buffer
Var = Ischarwaiting(#channel)
.“0”
UART1,2
$Timeout = value وWaitkey() Input ،Input
buffer
Echo On|off Input|
compiler
Config Input = Term,
CR, LF, CRLF or LFCR
Echo = Echo | Noecho
Input
$serialinput2lcd
.Terminal
Config Serialin|Serialin1|Serialin2|Serialin3 = Buffered, Size = Size
[, Bytematch = All|byte|none]
[, Cts = Pin, Rts = Pin, Threshold_full = Num, Threshold_empty = Num]
SRAM Serialin Input Buffer
SizeMAX= 255
§ SERIALIN : 1st UART Hardware Interface > UART0
§ SERIALIN1 : 2nd UART Hardware Interface > UART1
§ SERIALIN2 : 3rd UART Hardware Interface > UART2
§ SERIALIN3 : 4th UART Hardware Interface > UART3
“ASCII” “Bytematch=byte”
§ Serial0CharMatch (for SERIALIN or the 1st UART/UART0)
§ Serial1CharMatch (for SERIALIN1 or the 2nd UART/UART1)
§ Serial2CharMatch (for SERIALIN2 or the 3rd UART/UART2)
§ Serial3CharMatch (for SERIALIN3 or the 4th UART/UART3)
“Bytematch=all”
§ Serial0ByteReceived (for SERIALIN or the 1st UART/UART0)
§ Serial1ByteReceived (for SERIALIN1 or the 2nd UART/UART1)
§ Serial2ByteReceived (for SERIALIN2 or the 3rd UART/UART2)
§ Serial3ByteReceived (for SERIALIN3 or the 4th UART/UART3)
“Bytematch=none”
“CTS”Cts = Pin
“RTS”Rts = Pin
“RTS=1” Threshold_full = Num
Threshold_empty = Num
“CTS=0”
“CTS-RTS”
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 203 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Config Serialout|Serialout1|Serialout2|Serialout3 = Buffered, Size = Size
SRAM Serialout Output Buffer
SizeMAX= 255
SERIALOUT : 1st UART Hardware Interface > UART0
SERIALOUT1 : 2nd UART Hardware Interface > UART1
SERIALOUT2 : 3rd UART Hardware Interface > UART2
SERIALOUT3 : 4th UART Hardware Interface > UART3
Config Comx = Baud , Synchrone = 0|1 , Parity = None|disabled|even|odd ,
Stopbits = 1|2 , Databits = 4|6|7|8|9 , Clockpol = 0|1
“x”UART
.$Baud'dummy'Baud
|Synchrone = 0|1
|||Parity = None|disabled|even|odd
Stopbits = 1|2
Databits = 4|6|7|8|9
Clockpol = 0|1
Serin Var , Bts , Port , Pin , Baud , Parity , Dbits , Sbits
Serout Var , Bts , Port , Pin , Baud , Parity , Dbits , Sbits
|
Serout
Serin
|Var
|Bts
Port
Pin
Baud
NONE=0, EVEN=1, ODD=2Parity
7,8Dbits
1,2Sbits
Data Bus
.Bts=0
n
Var = Bufspace(n) n=0 : output buffer 1st UART | n=1 : input buffer 1st UART
n=2 : output buffer 2nd UART | n=3 : input buffer 2nd UART
204
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Clear Serialin
Clear Serialout
|
UART
"device"
"COM1:" Comx "Hardware"
"Software"
Open "device" For Mode As #channel "COMpin:Speed,N,Parity,Stopbits[,Inverted]"
Examples: |COMpin
'open hardware UART BaudSpeed
Open "com1:" For Binary As #1
6,7,8 or 9N
'open a Transmit channel for output
(software UART) (||) N|O|E <Parity
Open "comd.1:9600,8,n,1" For Output As #2
1|2Stopbits
'open a Receive channel for input
(software UART)
Open "comd.0:9600,8,n,1" For Input As #3
[,Inverted]
Mode
Com1, Com2 Binary or Random"Hardware"
. OutputInput"Software"
#channel
Close #channel software UART
Get #channel, Var HW or SW
Put #channel , Var HW or SW
Enable | Disable Urxc .UART|
On Urxc Rx_isr
Enable | Disable Utxc .UART|
On Utxc Tx_isr
Enable | Disable Udre .UART|
On Udre Empty_isr
Enable | Disable Serial UART|
$dbg
Debugging
Dbg
(;)Print
.Print Chr (var); Printbin
Printbin
Arr
Printbin Arr(1) ; 10
Inputbin
Arr
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 205 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Inputbin Arr(1) , 10
Inputbin
Print #channel
OPEN & CLOSEInput #channel
COM1 Open "device"
OPEN & CLOSE
value $Timeout = value
$Timeout = value
fOSC Value = 100 Value = 1000 Value = 10000 Value = 100000
1MHZ 1.6ms 16ms 160ms 1600ms
2MHZ 0.8ms 8ms 80ms 800ms
4MHZ 0.4ms 4ms 40ms 400ms
8MHZ 0.2ms 2ms 20ms 200ms
16MHZ 0.1ms 1ms 10ms 100ms
ASCII
206
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
Input
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Dim Num1 As Integer
Dim Num2 As Integer
Dim Sum As Integer
'----------------------
Do
Num1 = 0 : Num2 = 0
Input "Enter 1st Number: " , Num1
Input "Enter 2nd Number: " , Num2
Sum = Num1 + Num2
Print "Sum: " ; Sum
Loop
End
InputHex
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Dim Num1 As Byte, Num2 As Byte, Sum As Word
'----------------------
Do
Num1 = 0 : Num2 = 0
Inputhex "Enter 1st Number as two-character hex-code: " , Num1
Inputhex "Enter 2nd Number as two-character hex-code: " , Num2
Sum = Num1 + Num2
Print "Sum Dec:" ; Sum
Print "Sum Hex:" ; Hex(sum)
Print "-------------"
Loop
End
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 207 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Waitkey()
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Dim Inchar As Byte
'----------------------
Do
Inchar = Waitkey()
Print Inchar
Loop Until Inchar = " " Pressed keys is:
Print "END..."
End 1,2,3,4,5,6,A,B,C,Esc,
Input, Inputhex
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Dim Num1 As Byte, Num2 As Byte
Dim Sum As Integer, Arr(2) As Byte
'----------------------
Do
Num1 = 0 : Num2 = 0
Input "Enter DEC: " , Num1 , Num2
Sum = Num1 + Num2
Print "Sum: " ; Sum
Print "-----------"
Inputhex "Enter HEX: ", Num1, Num2
Sum = Num1 + Num2
Print "Sum: " ; Sum ;
Print "-----------"
Loop
End
UART0
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 19200
'----------------------
Config Serialin = Buffered , Size = 10
Config Serialout = Buffered , Size =10
Enable Interrupts
'----------------------
Dim Arr(10) As Byte
'----------------------
Baud = 9600
Do
If Ischarwaiting() = 1 Then
Inputbin Arr(1) , 10
Printbin Arr(1) , 10
Waitms 10
Clear Serialin
Clear Serialout
End If
Loop
End
208
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Enable Urxc
On Urxc Getchar
Enable Interrupts
'----------------------
Dim Inchar As String * 1
'----------------------
Do
nop
Loop Until Inchar = " "
'----------------------
Getchar:
Inchar = Inkey() : Print Inchar
Return
Urxc, Utxc, Udre
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'----------------------
Enable Urxc
Disable Utxc
Disable Udre
On Urxc Getchar
On Utxc Finish
On Udre Empty
Enable Interrupts
'----------------------
Dim Inchar(10) As Byte
Dim Flag As Bit
'----------------------
Do
nop
Loop Until Flag = 1
End
'----------------------
Getchar:
Disable Urxc
Enable Udre
Enable Utxc
Inputbin Inchar(1) , 10
Printbin Inchar(1) ; 10
Return
'----------------------
Finish:
Disable Utxc : Set Flag
Print "Serial TX complete interrupt!"
Return
'----------------------
Empty:
Disable Udre : Print ""
Print "UART Register is Empty!"
Return
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 209 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
UART0, UART1
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
$baud1 = 9600
'-------------------------
Config Com1=Dummy, Synchrone =0, Parity = None, Stopbits =1, Databits =8, Clockpol=0
Config Com2=Dummy, Synchrone =0, Parity = None, Stopbits =1, Databits =8, Clockpol=0
Open "com1:" For Binary As #1
Open "com2:" For Binary As #2
Config Serialin = Buffered , Size = 20 , Bytematch = 27
Config Serialin1 = Buffered , Size = 20 , Bytematch = All
Config Serialout = Buffered , Size = 20
Config Serialout1 = Buffered , Size = 20
Enable Interrupts
'-------------------------
Dim Msg As String * 10
'------------------------
Do
If Ischarwaiting() = 1 Then
Input Msg : Print Msg
End If
If Ischarwaiting(#2) = 1 Then
Input #2 , Msg : Print #2 , Msg
End If
Loop
End
'------------------------
Serial0charmatch:
Print "Esc Char!"
Return
'------------------------
Serial1bytereceived:
Print #2 , " "
Print #2 , "We got a Char!"
Return
'------------------------
Close #1
Close #2
210
Practical Class 9 Programming Microcontrollers
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
'------------------------
Ucsrb = 0 : Wait 1
Dim Value As Byte
'------------------------
Open "comb.0:9600,8,n,1" For Output As #1
Open "comb.1:9600,8,n,1" For Input As #2
Open "comc.0:9600,8,n,1" For Output As #3
Open "comc.1:9600,8,n,1" For Input As #4
Open "comd.6:9600,8,n,1" For Output As #5
Open "comd.7:9600,8,n,1" For Input As #6
'------------------------
Print #1 , "SW UART1, " ; "Enter a value"
Input #2 , Value
Print #1 , "value is: " ; Value
Print #3 , "SW UART2, " ; "Enter a value"
Input #4 , Value
Print #3 , "value is: " ; Value
Print #5 , "SW UART3, " ; "Enter a value"
Input #6 , Value
Print #5 , "value is: " ; Value
'------------------------
Get # 2 , A : Put # 1 , A
Do
Value = Inkey(#2)
If Value > 0 Then Print #1 , "SW UART1:" ; Chr(value)
Value = Inkey(#4)
If Value > 0 Then Print #3 , "SW UART2:" ; Chr(value)
Value = Inkey(#6)
If Value > 0 Then Print #5 , "SW UART3:" ; Chr(value)
Loop Until Inkey(#2) = 1 Or Inkey(#4) = 1 Or Inkey(#6) = 1
'------------------------
Close #6 : Close #5 : Close #4
Close #3 : Close #2 : Close #1
End
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 211 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.28:Serial Communications RS485 RS485
RS485
RS485
RS485
A,B
VA>VB “1” VA<VB
“1”“0”
RS485
B A
RS485
RS485
ST TI MAXIM LTC
ST485 SN75176 MAX485 LTC485
:RS485
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 213 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS485
SPECIFICATIONS RS232 RS423 RS422 RS485
Mode of Operation SINGLE-ENDED SINGLE-ENDED Differential Differential
Total Number of Drivers and 1DRIVER 1DRIVER 1DRIVER 32DRIVER
Receivers on One Line 1RECVR 10RECVR 10RECVR 32RECVR
Maximum Cable Length 50 FT 4000 FT 4000 FT 4000 FT
10Mb/s 10Mb/s
Maximum Data Rate 20kb/s 100kb/s
100Kb/s 100Kb/s
Maximum Driver Output Voltage ±25V ±6V -0.25V to +6V -7V to +12V
Driver Output Signal
Loaded ±5V to ±15V ±3.6V ±2.0V ±1.5V
Level (Loaded Min.)
Driver Output Signal
Unloaded ±25V ±6V ±6V ±6V
Level (Unloaded Max)
Driver Load Impedance (Ohms) 3k to 7k >=450 100 54
Max. Driver Current in
Power On N/A N/A N/A ±100uA
High Z State
Max. Driver Current in
Power Off ±6mA @ ±2v ±100uA ±100uA ±100uA
High Z State
Slew Rate (Max.) 30V/µS Adjustable N/A N/A
Receiver Input Voltage Range ±15V ±12V -10V to +10V -7V to +12V
Receiver Input Sensitivity ±3V ±200mV ±200mV ±200mV
Receiver Input Resistance (Ohms) 3k to 7k 4k min 4k min >=12k
RS485
214
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
RS485
B A
15Meter
Backbone with StubsDaisy Chain
RS485
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 215 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS485
PASSIVE DUPLEX CONTROL (AUTOMATIC ) ü
ACTIVE DUPLEX CONTROL (RTS Pin ) ü
RS485 RO, DI Passive Duplex ü
DE/RE Driver
No data to send §
“1”
Idle
Master sends a request §
Start Bit
Stop Bit
Check sum
Idle
216
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Slave sends a response §
add = 07
RS485 Driver Active Duplex ü
RTS Control
No data to send §
RTS
“1”
Master sends a request §
Start Bit
Stop Bit
Check sum
Idle
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 217 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Slave sends a response
add = 07
RS232
Advantages Disadvantages
ü System-to-System ×
Chip-2-Chip
1200 ü .Chip-2-Sensor
100kb/s RS485<>TTL ×
ü
ü
:RS485MODBUS
MODEBUS
Multi Master/Slave
Master Device MODEBUS
Slave Device
Slave DeviceMaster DeviceQueryMODEBUS
Slave Function Start Start
Byte Count Data CRC
Address Code Address Hi Address Lo
218
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Slave Function Byte Start Data CRC
Address Code Count Address Stream CRC Low CRC Hi
1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 2 byte 0 ~ 252 byte 1~2 byte
1~252Slave Address •
Function code •
Byte Count •
Start Address •
255 byte maxData Stream •
Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRC •
Inter-frame-time
t3.5
Data
t1.5
Inter-character time-out (t1.5) = 750μs
Inter-frame delay (t3.5) = 1.750ms
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 219 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
70Byte9600bps
Slave address
70 ×8 = 560
× 1000 = .
58ms
.t3.5= 1.75ms
Start Master
Set Control Pin
Waitms 10
Send Data Frame
Reset Control Pin
Waitms 100
End
220
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Start Slave
NO
UART INT
Yes
Byte1 is Disable UART
Slave ADD Wait 90ms
NO
Yes
Get the data at the 90ms
Passed?
UART Interface
(MSB First, LSB Last ) Yes
Enable UART
NO
Check Count
Check CRC
Programming
YES
OK
Ignore Data
Set Data Value
End
MasterSlaveResponceMODEBUS
Slave
Slave Function Byte CRC
Address Code Count CRC Low CRC Hi
1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 1~2 byte
Slave
CRC
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 221 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS485|
Full-DuplexHalf-DuplexRS485
RS485
222
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
UART<>RS458
Max485
Config Print0 = Porte.2 , Mode = Set .RS485
“DE”“1”Config Print0
“0”“DE”
“DE”
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 223 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Microcontroller is Master, PC is Slave
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$baud = 9600
'------------------
Config Print0 = Porte.2 , Mode = Set
Config Pine.2 = Output
DE
Config Pine.4 = Input
Key1 Alias Pine.4
Porte.4 = 1
'------------------
Dim Msg As String * 100
'------------------
Do
Debounce Key1 , 0 , Sendall , Sub
Loop
End
'------------------
Sendall:
Print "This is RS485 Test Program"
Print "RS458 Protocol Done Based-on MAX485"
Print "University of Aleppo - Syria"
Print "Faculty of Alectrical & Electronic Engineering"
Print "Control Department"
Print "Fourth Year Students"
Print "Computer Aided Design Session"
Print "Unfutunality This Was The Last Session Lab"
Print "2nd Semester"
Print "See You Next Semester Guys ;)"
Print "Kindest Regards"
Print "Walid BALID"
Print ":) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :)"
Wait 1
Return
224
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Microcontroller is Slave, PC is Master
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$baud = 9600
'------------------------- DE
Config Porte.2 = Output
Config Print = Porte.2 , Mode = Reset
Open "comd.3:9600,8,n,1" For Output As #1 UART
Open "comd.2:9600,8,n,1" For Input As #2
Config Serialin = Buffered , Size = 250
Enable Interrupts
'-------------------------
Dim Msg As String * 250
'------------------------
Do
If Ischarwaiting() = 1 Then
Input Msg
UART
Print #1 , Msg
End If
Loop UART
End
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 225 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
RS232<>RS458
RS232<>RS458
RS232<>RS458
226
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
RS232<>UART<>RS458
RS232<>UART<>RS458
Max232 UART Max485
UART
RS232<>UART<>RS458
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 227 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Exp.29:Serial Communications USB USB
USB
USB
USB
USB
480Mb/s ü
. Plug & Play ü
ü
127 ü
:USB
USB 1.0 & USB 1.1 & USB 2.0& USB 3.0USB
USB 1.01.5 Mbits/s Low Speed §
USB 1.112 Mbits/s Full Speed §
.USB 2.0480 Mbits/s High Speed §
.USB 3.04800 Mbits/s §
USB
”Host Controlled” USB
)
USB
228
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
”On-The-Go”
USB
ü
ü
HUB USB
Plug& Play
Plug & Play USB
USB
VID, PID
USB
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 229 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
USB
USB
A §
B §
D- & D++5v & GNDUSB
VCC1
D-2
D+3
GND4
'1' D+&D- USB
D- '0' D+ '1'
:(Non Return to Zero Invert) NRZI
NRZIUSB
'0' '1''0'
'1'
'1'
230
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
USB
D- D+
D- .1
D+ .2
.3
USB
USB
USB
USB Device USB
USB Function Host Controller IC USB
USB
USBUSB Function
USB Function Endpoint
EndpointUSB Function
InOut
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 231 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
USB
EP2 In
USB Function
USB1 EP1 In
USB1
[Addr : 2] [Endpoint : EP1] [In]
PipePipe
EP0 In & EP0 Out Pipe0 Pipe
Pipe
Control Transfers §
232
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
Interrupt Transfers §
Isochronous Transfers §
Bulk Transfers §
USB
Frame USB
1ms USB1.1, USB2.0
125µs
Transaction
Token Packet
In Token
Synchronization .1
Packet Identity PID .2
128Address .3
Endpoint .4
5Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRC .5
Out Token
In Token
Control Transfer : Setup Token
In Token
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 233 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
1ms±500ns: Start of frame Token
11Frame number
Data Packet
Data0 .1
Data1 .2
16bitCRC1024bit
Handshake Packet
Acknowledge
Not acknowledge
Stall
234
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
USB
USB USB
USBHardware .1
. .2
USB
USB
UARTUSB
USB
FT232
FTDIUSB<>UART
HardwareUSB
USB
D2XX driver & VCP driver
.COM
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 235 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
D2XX driver & VCP driver
D2XX.DLL Driver VCP Driver
3MB 300 KB/s
Com USB :(Virtual Com Port) VCP
ComUSB
:D2XX.DLL
DLL
FT232BM
ü
VCP& D2XX.DLLFTDI ü
USB1.1, USB2.0 ü
ü
300kb~2Mb ü
384FIFO ü
128FIFO ü
VID, PID ü
ü
USBUSB
USB
USB
236
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
11
PWREN#
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 237 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
3ms Sleep mode
Sleep=”1”
Wake up
USB
Serial Interface EngineSIE
USBUSB §
CRC §
Start Of Packet, End Of Packet, Resume, Reset §
NRZI §
PID §
USB1.1USB Transceiver
D+ USB2.0,
FT232BM
6MHz48MHz
EEPROM PID, VID
238
Practical Class 10 Programming Microcontrollers
RS232<>UART<>USB
RS232<>UART<>USB
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 239 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
Programming
Embedded Systems Microcontroller
You Can Practice Microcontroller Programming Easily Now!
WALID BALID, Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.30: Programming Internal EEPROM EEPROM
EEPROM
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 241 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
UART1
RS232
.EEPROM
| |
Dim Var As [xram|Sram|Eram]
Type [at Location][overlay]
Examples: overlay
Dim Sram_var As Sram Byte At &H10
Dim Eprm_var As Eram Byte At &H80
Writeeeprom Var , Address AddressEEPROMVar
Writeeeprom Var , Label LabelEEPROMVar
Readeeprom Var , Address AddressEEPROMVar
Readeeprom Var , Label LabelEEPROMVar
DATA
$eeprom
EPPEEPROM
$data
Intel HEXEPP
$eepromhex
$eeprom
$eepleave EEPROMEPP
$default Sram | Xram | Eram
Examples:
$default Sram $default
Dim A As Byte , B As Byte
$default Eram
Dim C As Byte , D As Byte
$end $default
$noramclear SRAM
$romstart = address
EEPROM AVR
242
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
(1)
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
'------------------
Dim B As Byte , I As Byte SRAM
Dim W As Word , S As String * 5
Dim Eb As Eram Byte At 13
Dim Ei As Eram Integer At 14 EEPROM
Dim El As Eram Long At 16
Dim Es As Eram String * 5 At 20
'------------------
Do
S = "ABCDE" : Es = S
S = ""
S = Es : Print S
SRAM
.EEPROM
B = 10 : Eb = B
B = 0
B = Eb : Print B
'/------
For I = 0 To 4
Readeeprom B , I SRAMEPROM
Print B
Next I
'/------
S = "abcde" : W = 10000 SRAM
Writeeeprom S , 5
EEPROM
Writeeeprom W , 11
S = "" : W = 0
Readeeprom S , 5 : Print S
Readeeprom W , 11 : Print W SRAMEPROM
'/------
Restore Lbl
Read B : Print B SRAM
Read B : Print B ROM
Loop
End
'------------------ ROM
Lbl:
Data 10 , 12
'------------------ EEPROM
$eeprom
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
$data
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 243 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
(2)
$regfile = "m128def.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
$baud = 9600
$eepromhex
$eepleave
'------------------
Dim Var As Sram Byte At &H200
'------------------ EEPROM
$eeprom
Label1:
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Label2:
Data 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50
$data
'------------------
Readeeprom Var , Label1 SRAMEPROM
Print Var
Readeeprom Var
Print Var
'/------
SRAMEPROM
Readeeprom Var , Label2
Print Var
Readeeprom Var
Print Var
'/------
SRAM
Var = 100
Writeeeprom Var , Label1 EEPROM
Var = 101
Writeeeprom Var
Readeeprom Var , Label1
Print Var
Readeeprom Var
Print Var
'/------
Var = 0
Writeeeprom Var , 3
Readeeprom Var , 3
Print Var
End
244
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
Exp.31: Interfacing with I2C I2C
EEPROM I2C
.RTC
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 245 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
I2C
Philips 1980Inter-Integrated Circuit I2C
TV
Two Wire InterfaceTWI
SDA, SCK I2C
SDA
One-Master<>Multi-Slaves SCK
Multi-Master<>Multi-Slaves
Chip-to-Chip
Multi-SlaveMaster Multi-Drop Bus
Master<>Slave
Multi-Slave Multi-Master
SDA, SCKOpen collector I2C
“1”
112 nodes 7-BitUnique Address I²C
1008 nodes 10-bit
10pF400pF
246
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
I2C
Advantages Disadvantages
Slave ü .(3meter) ×
ü 400Khz ×
ü ×
ü
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 247 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Interfacing I2C EEPROM
Description:
I²C is an abbreviation of Inter Integrated Circuit and is a protocol for serial communication between
Integrated Circuits, it is also called Two Wire Interface (TWI). The bus is used for communication
between microcontrollers and peripheral devices like memories, temperature sensors and I/O
expanders. An EEPROM is a Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory.
EEPROM Model Size Internally Organized Address (hex)
AT24C01 128 Bytes 128 x 8 = 1024 bits 00000 >> 0007F
AT24C02 256 Bytes 256 x 8 = 2048 bits 00000 >> 000FF
AT24C04 512 Bytes 512 x 8 = 4096 bits 00000 >> 001FF
AT24C08 1 Kbyte 1024 x 8 = 8192 bits 00000 >> 003FF
AT24C16 2 Kbyte 2048 x 8 = 16384 bits 00000 >> 007FF
AT24C32 4 Kbyte 4096 x 8 = 32768 bits 00000 >> 00FFF
AT24C64 8 Kbyte 8192 x 8 = 65536 bits 00000 >> 01FFF
AT24C128 16 Kbyte 16384 x 8 = 131072 bits 00000 >> 03FFF
AT24C256 32 Kbyte 32768 x 8 = 262144 bits 00000 >> 07FFF
AT24C512 64 Kbyte 65536 x 8 = 524288 bits 00000 >> 0FFFF
AT24C1024 128 Kbyte 131072 x 8 = 1048576 bits 00000 >> 1FFFF
The communication of the bus goes along two lines: SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock). Each I²C
device has a unique 7-bit address (Device Select Code). The most significant bits are fixed and
assigned to a specific device category (e.g. b1010 is assigned to serial EEPROMS). The three less
significant bits (A2,A1 and A0) are programmable and used to address the device. The three bits
allows eight different I2C address combinations and therefore allowing up to eight different devices of
that type to operate on the same I2C-bus. The I2C address is send in the 1st byte, the lest signi icant bit
of the first byte is used to indicate if the master is going to write(0) or read(1) from the slave.
The device that sends data along the bus is called master, a device that receives the data is called
slave. The master starts the transmission with a start signal and stops the transmission with a stop
signal on the SDA line. During the start and stop signals the SCL line has to be high. After the master
has started the data-transmission with a start signal, the master writes a device address byte to the
248
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
slave. Each data byte has to have a length of 8 bits. The slave has to acknowledge the reception of the
data byte with a acknowledge-bit (ACK).
A write operation requires a device address bytes, two address bytes and the data-byte. Upon receive
of the address the EEPROM sends an ACK and then clocks in the data-byte. The EEPROM sends again
an ACK and the microcontrollers sends a stop-signal to terminate the write sequence.
All devices from 32K – 512K will require no system changes and can be interchanged with only the
page size differences to consider.
Low Density Random Read:
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 249 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
Medium and High Density Random Read:
AT24C32 (4 Kbyte)
4096 * 8 = 32768 bits 0000 >> 0FFF 32 byte page
&H0000 Saturday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H01FF
&H0200 Sunday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H03FF
&H0400 Monday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H05FF
&H0600 Tuesday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H07FF
&H0800 Wednesday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H09FF
&H0A00 Thursday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H0BFF
&H0C00 Friday [128 Set]
128 x 4 = 215 Bytes
512Bytes &H0DFF
&H0E00 NON USED AREA
512Bytes &H0FFF
[
250
Practical Class 11 Programming Microcontrollers
Software:
The BASCOM-AVR compiler is used to make a program that writes and reads one byte from the EEPROM. BASCOM has
several embedded commands to control the I2C bus.
In BASCOM-AVR you irst have to con igure the ports you use for the SDA and SCL lines of the I2C bus. Then you send the
device address to select the EEPROM that is connected to the I2C bus. After that you send two bytes to the EEPROM to select
the address in the EEPROM to which you want to write the data. The last byte to send in a write sequence is the data byte.
$regfile = "m16def.dat"
$crystal = 2000000
$lib "I2C_TWI.LBX"
$baud = 9600
'---------------------------
Config Scl = Portc.0
Config Sda = Portc.1
Config Twi = 100000 '100KHZ
'---------------------------
Const Addressw = 160 '&B10100000 slave write address
Const Addressr = 161 '&B10100001 slave read address
'---------------------------
Dim Adres_h As Byte , Adres_l As Byte
Dim Rd_value As Byte , Wr_value As Byte
'---------------------------
Do
Input "Wr_value:" , Wr_value
Input "Adres_l:" , Adres_l
Input "Adres_h:" , Adres_h
Gosub Write_eeprom
Gosub Read_eeprom
Print "Error W: " ; Err
print "Wr_value: " ; Wr_value
Print "Error R: " ; Err
Print "Rd_value: " ; Rd_value
Loop
End
'---------------------------
Write_eeprom:
I2cstart 'Start condition
I2cwbyte Addressw 'Slave address
I2cwbyte Adres_h 'H address of EEPROM
I2cwbyte Adres_l 'L address of EEPROM
I2cwbyte Wr_value 'Value to write
I2cstop 'Stop condition
Waitms 10 'Wait for 10 milliseconds
Return
'---------------------------
Read_eeprom:
I2cstart 'Generate start
I2cwbyte Addressw 'Slave adsress
I2cwbyte Adres_h 'H address of EEPROM
I2cwbyte Adres_l 'L address of EEPROM
I2cstart 'Repeated start
I2cwbyte Addressr 'Slave address (read)
I2crbyte Rd_value , Nack 'Read byte
I2cstop 'Generate stop
Return
'---------------------------
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Eng. 251 Automatic Control & Automation Dept.
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