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Java Assignment

The document discusses different Java concepts including access modifiers, inheritance, and exception handling. It provides examples to illustrate: 1) The three main access modifiers in Java - private, protected, and public - and how they restrict access to classes, methods and variables. 2) The different types of inheritance in Java - single, multilevel, hierarchical, multiple and hybrid - and provides code examples of each. 3) Key aspects of exception handling in Java using try-catch blocks, finally blocks, and the throw and throws keywords, along with examples demonstrating their usage.

Uploaded by

Nemo K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
84 views

Java Assignment

The document discusses different Java concepts including access modifiers, inheritance, and exception handling. It provides examples to illustrate: 1) The three main access modifiers in Java - private, protected, and public - and how they restrict access to classes, methods and variables. 2) The different types of inheritance in Java - single, multilevel, hierarchical, multiple and hybrid - and provides code examples of each. 3) Key aspects of exception handling in Java using try-catch blocks, finally blocks, and the throw and throws keywords, along with examples demonstrating their usage.

Uploaded by

Nemo K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2. a.

Different access modifiers in Java


i. Private Access Modifier

When variables and methods are declared private, they cannot be accessed outside of the class.

class Data {
// private variable
private String name;
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] main){
// create an object of Data
Data d = new Data();
// access private variable and field from another class
d.name = "Nemo"; // This will return an error
}
}
Output:
ii. Protected Access Modifier

When methods and data members are declared protected, we can access them within the same
package as well as from subclasses.

class Animal {
// protected method
protected void display() {
System.out.println("I am an animal");
}
}

class Main extends Animal {


public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an object of Dog class


Dog dog = new Dog();
// access protected method
dog.display();
}
}

Output:
iii. Public Access Modifier

When methods, variables, classes, and so on are declared public, then we can access them from
anywhere. The public access modifier has no scope restriction.

Animal.java

// public class
public class Animal {
// public variable
public int legCount;

// public method
public void display() {
System.out.println("I am an animal.");
System.out.println("I have " + legCount + " legs.");
}
}

Main.java

public class Main {


public static void main( String[] args ) {
// accessing the public class
Animal animal = new Animal();

// accessing the public variable


animal.legCount = 4;
// accessing the public method
animal.display();
}
}
Output:
2. b. Different types of Inheritance in Java
i. Single Inheritance

// Java program to illustrate the


// concept of single inheritance
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;

class one {
public void print_hello()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}

class two extends one {


public void print_world() { System.out.println("World"); }
}
// Driver class
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
two g = new two();
g.print_hello();
g.print_world();
}
}

Output:
ii. Multilevel Inheritance

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;

class one {
public void print_hello()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}

class two extends one {


public void print_world() { System.out.println("world"); }
}

class three extends two {


public void print_hello()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}

// Drived class
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
three g = new three();
g.print_hello();
g.print_world();
}
}

Output:
iii. Hierarchical Inheritance

class A {
public void print_A() { System.out.println("Class A"); }
}

class B extends A {
public void print_B() { System.out.println("Class B"); }
}

class C extends A {
public void print_C() { System.out.println("Class C"); }
}

class D extends A {
public void print_D() { System.out.println("Class D"); }
}

// Driver Class
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
B obj_B = new B();
obj_B.print_A();
obj_B.print_B();

C obj_C = new C();


obj_C.print_A();
obj_C.print_C();

D obj_D = new D();


obj_D.print_A();
obj_D.print_D();
}
}

Output:
iv. Multiple Inheritance

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;

interface one {
public void print_hello();
}

interface two {
public void print_world();
}

interface three extends one, two {


public void print_hello();
}
class child implements three {
@Override public void print_hello()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}

public void print_world() { System.out.println("world"); }


}

// Drived class
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
child c = new child();
c.print_hello();
c.print_world();
}
}

Output:
v. Hybrid Inheritance

class C
{
public void disp()
{
System.out.println("C");
}
}

class A extends C
{
public void disp()
{
System.out.println("A");
}
}

class B extends C
{
public void disp()
{
System.out.println("B");
}

class D extends A
{
public void disp()
{
System.out.println("D");
}
public static void main(String args[]){

D obj = new D();


obj.disp();
}
}

Output:
2. c. Exception Handling in Java
i. Exception Handling with try-catch block

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

// code that generate exception


int divideByZero = 5 / 0;
System.out.println("Rest of code in try block");
}

catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("ArithmeticException => " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Output:
ii. Exception Handling with finally

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// code that generates exception
int divideByZero = 5 / 0;
}

catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("ArithmeticException => " + e.getMessage());
}

finally {
System.out.println("This is the finally block");
}
}
}

Output:
iii. Exception Handling with throw

class Main {
public static void divideByZero() {

// throw an exception
throw new ArithmeticException("Trying to divide by 0");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


divideByZero();
}
}

Output:
iv. Exception Handling with throws

import java.io.*;

class Main {
// declareing the type of exception
public static void findFile() throws IOException {

// code that may generate IOException


File newFile = new File("test.txt");
FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(newFile);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


try {
findFile();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}

Output:

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