This document provides an overview of transformers, including:
1. Transformers transfer electrical power from one AC circuit to another through mutual induction between two coils, without changing frequency.
2. The main parts of a transformer are the primary and secondary windings, and transformers come in different types depending on their construction, installation location, number of phases, and whether they are used to step up or step down voltage.
3. Transformers work on the principle that a changing current in the primary winding creates a changing magnetic field which induces a changing voltage in the secondary winding according to the transformer equation.
This document provides an overview of transformers, including:
1. Transformers transfer electrical power from one AC circuit to another through mutual induction between two coils, without changing frequency.
2. The main parts of a transformer are the primary and secondary windings, and transformers come in different types depending on their construction, installation location, number of phases, and whether they are used to step up or step down voltage.
3. Transformers work on the principle that a changing current in the primary winding creates a changing magnetic field which induces a changing voltage in the secondary winding according to the transformer equation.
This document provides an overview of transformers, including:
1. Transformers transfer electrical power from one AC circuit to another through mutual induction between two coils, without changing frequency.
2. The main parts of a transformer are the primary and secondary windings, and transformers come in different types depending on their construction, installation location, number of phases, and whether they are used to step up or step down voltage.
3. Transformers work on the principle that a changing current in the primary winding creates a changing magnetic field which induces a changing voltage in the secondary winding according to the transformer equation.
This document provides an overview of transformers, including:
1. Transformers transfer electrical power from one AC circuit to another through mutual induction between two coils, without changing frequency.
2. The main parts of a transformer are the primary and secondary windings, and transformers come in different types depending on their construction, installation location, number of phases, and whether they are used to step up or step down voltage.
3. Transformers work on the principle that a changing current in the primary winding creates a changing magnetic field which induces a changing voltage in the secondary winding according to the transformer equation.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After successful completion of this module, you should be able to: Explain the principle of operation of electric transformer. Describe the different parts of a transformer and its functions. Describe the different types of transformers.
Transformer A transformer is a static electrical device that transfer electrical power from one alternating current(ac) circuit to another without change in frequency.
Parts of Transformer
Principle of Operation Transformer basically works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils. A changing current in the first coil(the primary winding) creates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the secondary circuit(the secondary winding). This effect is called mutual induction. If a load is connected to the secondary circuit, electric charge will flow in the secondary winding of the transformer and transfer energy from the primary circuit to the load connected to the secondary circuit.
Page | 1 TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS General types: 1. Step Up Transformer – the secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage.
2. Step Down Transformer - the secondary voltage is lowerer than the primary voltage
Types according to construction of iron core:
1. Core type Transformer
2. Shell type Transformer
Page | 2 Types according to construction of windings: 1. Two-winding Transformer – the primary and secondary windings are separate(no electrical connection). They are linked by electromagnetic fileld.
2. Autotransformer - the primary and secondary windings are both electrically and magnetically connected. Part of the primary winding is also the secondary winding in case of step-down transformer, and part of the secondary winding is also the primary winding in case of step-up transformer.
Types according to location of installation:
1. Indoor Transformer – these are transformers located inside the building.
Page | 3 2. Outdoor Transformer – these are transformers located outside the building.
Power transformers in power plants, substations, etc.
Pole-mounted transformers
Page | 4 Types according to number of phases:
1. Single Phase Transformer – transformers supplied by single phase AC source.
2. Three Phase Transformer - transformers supplied by three-phase AC source.
GENERAL TRANSFORMER EQUATION
E = 4.44 f 𝑁 ∅𝑚 x 10−8 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
Where: E = induced voltage, volts
f = frequency, hertz N = number of turns in windings ∅𝑚 = mutual flux, maxwell
For primary, 𝐸𝑃 = 4.44 f 𝑁𝑃 ∅𝑚 x 10−8 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
For secondary, 𝐸𝑆 = 4.44 f 𝑁𝑆 ∅𝑚 x 10−8 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 𝐸𝑃 𝑁𝑃 = =𝑎 𝐸𝑆 𝑁𝑆
VOLTAGE RATIO
𝐸𝑃 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐸𝑆 𝐼𝑝
Page | 5 TURNS RATIO
𝑁𝑃 𝐼𝑠 = 𝑁𝑆 𝐼𝑝
Examples:
1. The 2,300/230-volt, 60-cycle transformer has 4800 turns in the primary. Calculate: a) Mutual flux, b) ratio of transformation, c) Number of secondary coil turns
