Main Component of Kaplan Turbine

Main component of Kaplan turbine
1. Blade
The runner blades, which rotate to assist in the creation of electricity, are the heart of
the component in a kaplan turbine. The shaft of the generator is attached to it.
• Construction
The number of blades in a Kaplan turbine runner is usually between 20 and 30.the ages of four to
eight The runner blades, which rotate to assist in the creation of electricity, are the heart of the
component of a kaplan turbine. Its shaft is connected to the shaft of the generator. This turbine's
runner features a huge boss to which the blades are attached, and the runner's blades can be
adjusted to the best angle of attack for optimal power generation. The Kaplan turbine's blades
have twizzled.

 Fig 3: Runner Blades of Kaplan Turbine.
 Function
The distinction between propeller and kaplan turbines is that the Kaplan can adjust the pitch of
the blades to optimise the process results, whilst the Propeller cannot.
• Principle
This turbine is a lot less complicated than the last one. A flow tube introduces water in a radial
direction, and specialised guide vanes - stationary blades - abruptly direct the water into the
turbine in an axial direction. Several rotor blades are directly linked to the turbine's primary
shaft. These blades include moveable joints that allow the angle to be adjusted, assuring
maximum efficiency. It is important to note that the blades of this turbine are not flat, instead
they twist slightly because the outer part of the blade moves more quickly than the inner part.
2. Hub
The turbine shaft is vertical for an axial flow reaction turbine. A hub or boss is added to the
bottom end of the shaft to increase its size. Because the vanes are fixed to the hub, the axial
flow reaction turbine uses the hub as a runner. Viktor Kaplan, an Austrian academic, came up
with the idea in 1913.
Runner of the turbine or Hub with vanes:
In the Kaplan turbine, the term "Runner" is quite significant. The runner is the turbine's
rotating component that assists in the generation of power. The shaft of the generator is
attached to it.
This turbine's runner features a huge boss to which the blades are attached, and the runner's
blades can be adjusted to the best angle of attack for optimal power generation. The Kaplan
turbine has twisted blades that run the length of the turbine.
The Kaplan turbine has twist along its length to ensure that all cross-sections of blades
always have the best angle of strike, resulting in increased turbine efficiency.
3. Shaft
The turbine shaft is vertical for an axial flow reaction turbine. A hub or boss is added to
the bottom end of the shaft to increase its size. Because the vanes are fixed to the hub, the
axial flow reaction turbine uses the hub as a runner.It was developed in 1913 by the
Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan.
Principle
The axial flow reaction principle is used in the Kaplan Turbine. Water flows through the
runner in axial flow turbines in a direction that is parallel to the runner's axis of rotation.
Function
The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that as the working
fluid flows through the turbine, it changes pressure and loses energy. The hydrostatic
head and the kinetic energy of flowing water are both used to generate electricity.
4. Guide vane
Function
Water is directed to the runner blades by guide vanes. The vanes are movable and can
adjust to the flow rate needed. Because the water makes a 90-degree turn, the direction of
travel is reversed.
The runner blades are fixed to the Hub or Boss(runner), which spins owing to the reaction
force of water hitting the blades of the runner.
Mechanism for the Guide Vane
It is the only portion of the turbine that controls the opening and closing of the blades in
response to the power demand. When more power is needed, it opens wider to allow
more water to reach the rotor blades, and when less power is needed, it closes to stop the
water flow. The turbine will not run efficiently if the guide vanes are missing.
References:
 Guide, H., 2021. Kaplan Turbine - its Components, Working and Application - The
Constructor. [online] The Constructor. Available at: <https://theconstructor.org/practical-
guide/kaplan-turbine-component-working/2904/> [Accessed 4 July 2021].
 Energyeducation.ca. 2021. Kaplan turbine - Energy Education. [online] Available at:
<https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Kaplan_turbine> [Accessed 4 July 2021].
 Learn Mechanical. 2021. Kaplan Turbine: Definition, Parts, Working, Applications, Advantages
[PDF]. [online] Available at: <https://learnmechanical.com/kaplan-turbine/#:~:text=For%20the
%20axial%20flow%20reaction,the%20Austrian%20professor%20Viktor%20Kaplan.> [Accessed
4 July 2021].
 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/baseload/technologies-for-
eliminating-oil-in-kaplan/#gref> [Accessed 4 July 2021].c
 En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Kaplan turbine - Wikipedia. [online] Available at:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbine> [Accessed 4 July 2021].

Main Component of Kaplan Turbine

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