Structural Plans

06: Structural Plans
Building Design
Introduction
• Foundation Plans
• Foundations
• Columns
• Special Footing
• Wall footing
• Footing tie beam
• Schedules
• Schedule of footing
• Schedule of columns
• Schedule of beams
DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should
not be used in actual construction. Actual sizes should be first
checked by civil engineer/structural engineer.
Structural Plans
• Usually labelled as “S”. In a typical drawing set, should be signed by a duly-
licensed civil engineer with structural engineering expertise/experience.
• Structural plans contain the following items:
• Structural notes
• Structural steel details
• Reinforcing steel details
• Formworks details
• Reinforced concrete details
• General notes
• Hooked bar development length details
• Bar development length details
• Reinforcing lap splice details
• Bar bending details
• Etc.

Structural Plans
• Footing and foundation drawings
• Foundation plan
• Schedule of footings – column footing, footing tie beam, wall footing
• Details – column footing, footing tie beam, wall footing
• Schedule of columns and column details
• Framing plan
• GF/2F/3F… framing plan
• Roof beam plan (for roof beams)
• Grade framing plan (for grade beams)
• Schedule of beams and beam details
• Typical bar placing detail (including optional beam-to-column connections)

Structural Plans
• Structural floor plan (most plans incorporate this to framing plan)
• Structural floor plan
• Schedule of slab reinforcement
• Schedule of columns and column details
• Stair framing plan
• Stair framing plan
• Stair reinforcement elevation
• Roofing plan
• Schematic truss diagram
• Roof truss member
• Roof framing plan
• Beam-truss connection detail
Structural Plans – Notes
• Dimensions for columns, beams, slabs and other structural members are
dependent on the design loads, seismic zones, soil-structure interaction (SSI), soil
bearing capacity, type of concrete mix, rebar yield strength, wind load, code
requirement, etc.
• Dimensions presented on this PowerPoint are typical dimensions only based on
the basic R-2 occupancy, that will be used on Building Systems Design.
• Dimensions presented here should not be used as a reference to other structures.
• Dimensions and sizes appearing on actual construction plans SHOULD be certified
and checked by licensed civil engineers/structural engineers for conformity with
existing codes and design loads.
• In other words, DIMENSIONS to be presented next are for BD purposes ONLY and
should not be used in actual construction.
Footing and Foundation Drawings

• All columns terminate and transfer loads to the ground through
footing.
• Recall: footing vs. foundation

Structural System
• Superstructure – portion of a building

that extends above the ground level
• Substructure – portion below the
outside ground level
• Foundations – part of the substructure
that distribute building loads to the
ground
• Foundation walls – foundations that take
the form of walls
Structural System – Foundations
• Continuous spread footing – footing

under a wall
• Individual spread footing – footing when
a column or other slender structural
members is seated on it
• Mat footing – for weak soils, or
combined footing
• Piles – for very weak soils; structural
members that are hammered through a
weak soil until it seat on a rock
• Recall: footing vs. foundation

• All columns terminate and transfer
loads to the ground through footing.
• Hence, term column footing (CF) are
often used to denote presence of
footing.
• Typical dimension of column footing
depends upon the column it carries.
• When a footing is attached to a wall,
it is called wall footing (WF)
• Typical dimensions of isolated

column footing:
• Width – 1200 to 1500 mm
• Length – 1200 to 1500 mm
• Thickness – 300 to 500 mm
• Larger footing dimension may be
used, however should not produce an
actual material that “seems” to close
with other isolated footing, then
forming a combined footing system.
• Depth of foundation (measured from
the FGL to the top of footing) – 800
mm minimum
• Placement of column in column footing:

• Interior column footing: column is placed at
exactly at the center of the footing
• At the property line: there are two options:
(a) retain isolated nature or (b) use
combined footing.
• Take note that legal requirements should be
complied, no structural protrusion or
abutments beyond the property line. For
isolated column footing, use an L-type
isolated column footing.
• Combined footing may also be used to act
as a support to the L-type isolated column
footing

• Wall footings are supports to the structural wall of

the building (i.e., footing for CHB plastered wall)
• Typical dimensions of wall footing:
• Thickness – 200 to 300 mm
• Width – 300 to 450 mm
• Length – depends on the wall
• WF is present for every wall touching FGL
• Depth of foundation (measured from the FGL to the
top of WF) – 600 mm minimum
• WF should not exceed CF in depth.
• Wall is placed at the center of the WF. For boundary
walls (firewall), placing of wall should also follow
rules for isolated footing.
• Footing tie beams (FTB) are special type of

beams used to tie columns or end walls to
prevent lateral movement.
• Dimensions for the FTB may be similar to
that of WF. FTB reinforcement
configuration is similar to that of a beam
• Location of FTB should be reflected to the
foundation plan for easy reference.
• It is a common practice to include FTB in
one- to two-story buildings when the soil is
fill; however, FTB for 3-story buildings is
mandatory. For safety, most designers
recommend to use FTB starting 2-story
residential
Footing and Foundation – Other Notes
(Column Footing)
• Use 16-mm diameter rebar as
temperature bars for the footing • Lateral ties of the column
• Typical number of rebar (based on should be placed immediately in
the measurement stated): 8-9 per the following manner:
direction. Do not place unequal • 1 set @ 0.05 m spacing (from
number of rebar per direction if footing bottom bar); then
footing shape is square • 6 sets @ 0.10 m spacing; then
• Concrete cover: • The rest is at 0.20 m spacing
• Bottom cover – 50 to 75 mm • Location of FTB should be
• Sides and top cover – 75 to 100 mm indicated at the elevation view
of column footing
• CF is usually placed on top a 10-
mm thick compacted gravel • NGL, FGL and FFL should be
bedding indicated on the elevation view.
• Draw all elevation view cases.
Footing and Foundation – Other Notes (WALL
Footing)
• Use 10-mm diameter rebar as • CHB should be indicated on the
longitudinal bars for the wall elevation view.
footing • 10-mm diameter horizontal rebar is
• Typical number of rebar (based on usually placed at not more than 2
the measurement stated): 3-4 per layers.
direction at 0.20 m o.c. • Draw all elevation view cases.
• Concrete cover: should not be less
than diameter of the longitudinal
bar
• WF is usually placed on top a 10-
mm thick compacted gravel
bedding
Columns
• Typical dimensions for columns:
• Width and depth of column should be between 150 mm to 450 mm (for BD1)
• Concrete cover should not be less than 40 mm or the diameter of the bar
provided, whichever is smaller.
• Typical rebar:
• Main bar (vertical bar): 16-mm diameter, placed around the bar cover, should
be between 2-3% of the total column area
• Ties (horizontal bar): 10-mm diameter, spaced as described earlier.
• There must be a column system where your stair rests.

Beams
• Beams carry loads from slab to the columns, and then to the ground.
• Typical beam sizes
• Framing beams: 300-400 mm (beam depth x beam width)
• Roof beams: 150-300 mm (beam depth x beam width)
• Deep beams (more than 400 mm) can be used for columns with spans more than 4.5 meters.
• Roof truss structure is carried by the roof beams, which are usually placed at the
portion where the roof rests. These roof beams are connected to the columns
and are also supported by structural walls.
• Due to this, “roof framing plan” as it is called, usually shows plan of the roof configuration.
• Beams are placed after placing of columns, or corrected column locations.
• Stairs area are instead shown as “Stairwell Area” on the plan; stringers and
header beams are drawn on stairs configuration.
Constructing your Structural
Drawing

General Notes
1. Identify and fully understand the size of your columns, including
shape and irregularities.
• Regular-sized columns should not be a problem for orientation, however,
thickness of walls where columns will be placed should be considered, as we
do not want bulging walls for columns.
• Irregular-sized columns should be oriented (a) longitudinal to the wall
directions and (b) in a way that will produce minimum lateral motion should
an earthquake occurs.
2. The on-center distance between the columns should not exceed 4.5
meters.
3. The columns should be arranged in an iron-grid pattern, so that
there are no zigzag walls and zigzag beams in the plan.
What’s in the Drawing
• Foundation plan, showing column locations, footings (CF/WF), footing tie beams.
• Structural schedules for
• Column – C and footing – F (typically combined to column, so we have C1F1, C1F2, so on)
• Wall footing – WF
• Footing tie beam – FTB
• Grid lines
• Schedules should include the following:
1. Label
2. Dimension (depth x width for column, the rest is length x width)
3. Reinforcement schedule
4. Typical diagram
• Keep in mind that the column should progress up to the second/third floor, as we will not
allow planted columns so far.
Plate 5
• Plate 5: Structural Foundation Plan
• Foundation plan
• Typical column footing detail (plan, elevation and schedule – column and footing
combined)
• Typical wall footing detail (plan, elevation and schedule)
• Typical footing tie beam detail (plan, elevation and schedule)


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06: Structural Plans

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

• Superstructure – portion of a building

• Continuous spread footing – footing

• Recall: footing vs. foundation

• Typical dimensions of isolated

• Placement of column in column footing:

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

• Wall footings are supports to the structural wall of

• Footing tie beams (FTB) are special type of

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

DIMENSIONS presented are for BD purposes ONLY and should

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