SCIENCE WORKBOOK

GRADE LEVEL
9 QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK NO. LC CODE
S9FE-IVa-35
Fourth/Physics 2

Name : ______________________________ Grade & Section: ____________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Module 2

Learning Competency with Code

Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and range of a
projectile (S9FE-IVa-35)

ANGLE OF RELEASE, HEIGHT AND RANGE OF A PROJECTILE

A projectile may be launched at different angles. This launch angle θ pertains to the
angle in which the projectile is released. This is usually measured above the horizontal (+x-
axis). This angle is related to the maximum height reached and the range or the horizontal
distance traveled by the projectile.

A projectile launched at angle θ (00 < θ < 900) pertains to a non horizontally launched
projectile. The maximum height reached or the highest point the projectile will rise is
determined by the launch angle. This launch angle is the angle θ that the initial velocity vo
makes with the +x-axis.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mp8bz5P1m4I
Fig. 1. The range and the maximum height reached by the projectile launched at an angle θ

The horizontal distance traveled by the projectile is referred to as the range. The
range is also affected by the launch angle.

Try to do this activity in an open area. Make sure that there is no significant amount
of air resistance that would affect the motions of the ball.

Activity 1
Throw Me!
I. Objective:
Compare the horizontal distance traveled, maximum height reached and time of flight
of projectiles launched at different angles above the horizontal axis
II. Material
 ball
III. Procedure:
1. Throw a ball at three different launch angles: 300, 450 and 600. As much as possible, make
the launch speed constant and make sure that the balls will not encounter a significant
amount of air resistance.
a. How will you compare the trajectories of the three balls?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. Which ball has the longest horizontal distance travelled?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Which ball reached the highest peak height before falling?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Which ball reached the ground first?
_________________________________________________________________________

As you have noticed from the results of the activity, each ball follows a parabolic
path. You have also observed that the angle of release affects the highest point reached and
the range of a projectile.

The range R of a projectile pertains to the horizontal distance traveled. The highest
point reached by the projectile refers to the point wherein the vy or vertical component of
velocity is zero. The angle of release θ is the angle that the initial velocity vo makes with the
+x-axis. The time of flight t of a projectile is the time from when the object is launched to
the time it reaches the surface.

Consider a ball kicked by an athlete in an open field where there is no significant

amount of air resistance. The athlete kicks the ball at five different angles (150, 300, 450, 600,
750) but with the same initial velocity. Take note that the angle of release is measured
above the horizontal axis.

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4526763/
Fig. 2. Ball launched at five different angles above the horizontal axis

The following statements show the observations on the motion of these projectiles.
Remember that the initial velocity of the ball is the same.

1. The ball kicked at five different angles follows a parabolic path.

2. The ball kicked at an angle of 450 has the greatest range.
3. The ball kicked at an angle of 750 has the highest point reached before falling to the
ground.
4. The ball kicked at an angle of 150 reaches the ground first.
 5. The ball kicked at an angle of 150 has the shortest range.
6. The ball, when kicked at angles of 300 and 600, travels the same horizontal distance
or range.
7. The ball, when kicked at angles of 150 and 750, travels the same horizontal distance
or range.

What do you think are the reasons for observations 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7? To explain
these observations, we have to consider the components of the initial velocity of the
projectile. These are vox, the horizontal component of initial velocity, and voy, the vertical
component of initial velocity.

The highest point reached (the peak height) by a projectile is determined by the value
of the vertical component of initial velocity. The greater the value of the vertical component
of initial velocity, the higher the projectile will rise. Among the angles given, the 750 angle
gives the initial velocity the greatest value of the vertical component. That is why the ball
kicked at 750 angle has the highest point reached before falling to the ground. The ball kicked
at 150 has the lowest point reached because the value of the vertical component of initial
velocity is the smallest.

http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2018/12/an-astronaut-on-moon-where-there-is-no.html
Fig. 3. Horizontal and vertical components of initial velocity

The maximum height H reached by the projectile is calculated by using the formula:
H = vo2sin2θo
2g
where:
H = maximum height reached in m
vo = initial velocity in m/s
θo = initial launch angle in degrees
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2

Take note that sin2θo = (sinθo)2.

The time of flight T of the projectile is also determined by the value of the vertical
component of initial velocity. The smaller the value of the vertical component of initial
v
velocity, the smaller the time of flight. The ball kicked at an angle of 150 has the shortest time oy
of flight so it is the one that reaches the ground first. The ball kicked at an angle of 750 has
the longest time of flight since the value of the vertical component of its initial velocity is the
largest.
θ

The time of flight of the projectile is calculated by using the formula: vox

T = 2vosinθo
g
 where:
T = time of flight in s
vo = initial velocity in m/s
θo = initial launch angle in degrees
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2

The range of the projectile is determined by the value of the horizontal component
of the initial velocity and the time of flight. The ball kicked at an angle of 150 has the
greatest value of the horizontal component of initial velocity but it cannot travel a long range
since its time of flight is so short. The ball kicked at an angle of 750 has the longest time of
flight but its range is limited by the smallest value of horizontal component of initial velocity.

Why does a projectile launch at an angle of 450 produce the maximum range? It can
be best explained by looking at the formula in getting the range of a projectile. The range of
the projectile is calculated using the formula:

R = vo2sin2θo
g
where:
R = range of the projectile in m
vo = initial velocity in m/s
θo = initial launch angle in degrees
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2

The value of sine function is highest, which is 1, when the angle is 900. Based on the
above formula, sin2θo is equal to 1 when θo is 450 since 2(450) is equal to 900.

A projectile launched at 300 angle will achieve the same range as a projectile
launched at 600 angle. Since these two angles are complementary, projectiles launched at
these angles will strike the ground in the same position and travel the same horizontal
distance or range. They will just differ in the time of flight and in the maximum height
reached.

Study the following problems:

Problem no. 1:
1. A football is kicked at an angle of 200 from the +x-axis with an initial velocity of 22 m/s.
Neglecting air resistance,
a, how high does the ball rise?
b. how far horizontally does the ball travel?
c. what is its time of flight?
d. how much does it consume to reach the highest point?
Given:
θo = 200
vo = 22 m/s
g = 9.8 m/s2

Unknown:
a. H
b. R
c. T
d. t, time to reach the maximum height
Solution:
a. H = vo2sin2θo
2g

H = (22 m/s)2 (sin2 200)

2(9.8 m/s2)

H = (484 m2/s2)(0.1169777784)
19.6 m/s2

H = 2.9 m

(The football rises to a height of 2.9 m.)

b. R = v02sin2θo
g

R = (22 m/s)2 [(sin 2(200)]

9.8 m/s2

R = (484 m2/s2)(sin 400)

9.8 m/s2

R = (484 m2/s2)(0.6427876097)
9.8 m/s2

R = 32 m

(The football has a range of 32 m.)

c. T = 2v0sinθ0
g

T = 2(22 m/s)(sin 200)

9.8 m/s2

T = (44 m/s)(0.3420201433)
9.8 m/s2
T = 1.5 s

(The time consumed to move from starting point to the point where the ball lands is
1.5 s.)

d. t=T (since the time of flight is equal to the time of ascent plus the time
2 of descent)

t = 1.5 s
2

t = 0.75 s

(The time consumed to reach the maximum height is 0.75 s.)

Activity 2
Solve the problem below. Show the complete solutions on your answer sheet.
1. An athlete throws a shot put in an open field with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of
300 from the horizontal axis. Neglect air resistance.
a. How high does the ball rise?
b. How far horizontally does the ball travel?
c. What is its time of flight?
d. How much time does it consume to reach the highest point?

Activity 3
Perform what is asked in a and in b. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. A body is launched at eight different angles from the +x-axis, 100, 250, 300, 450, 500,
600, 700, and 750 with the same initial speed.
a. Rank the angles based on the maximum height reached by the body. Rank them
from lowest to highest height produced.

Angle of release Rank

100
250
300
450
500
600
700
750

b. Rank the angles based on the horizontal range attained by the projectile. Rank
them from shortest to longest horizontal range attained.

Angle of release Rank

100
250
300
450
500
600
700
750

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your answer
sheet.

For numbers 1-3, refer to the situation given below.

A ball is thrown at a launch angle of 150 with an initial velocity of 5m/s. Another ball is
thrown at a launch angle of 750 with the same initial velocity.
1. How will you compare the horizontal distance traveled by the two balls?
a. The ball launched at 150 travels the longer horizontal distance than the ball
launched at 750 angle.
b. The ball launched at 150 travels the shorter horizontal distance than the ball
launched at 750 angle.
c. The ball launched at 150 travels the same horizontal distance as the ball launched
at 750 angle.
d. It cannot be determined.
 2. How will you compare the maximum height reached by the two balls?
a. The ball launched at 150 has the higher maximum height reached than the ball
launched at 750 angle.
b. The ball launched at 150 has the lower maximum height reached than the ball
launched at 750 angle.
c. The ball launched at 150 has the same maximum height reached as the ball
launched at 750 angle.
d. It cannot be determined.
3. How will you compare the time of flight of the two balls?
a. The ball launched at 150 has the longest time of flight than the ball launched at
750 angle.
b. The ball launched at 150 has the shortest time of flight than the ball launched at
750 angle.
c. The ball launched at 150 has the same time of flight as the ball launched at 750
angle.
d. It cannot be determined.
4. To achieve the maximum range, the projectile should be launched at an angle of
a. 150 b. 300 c. 450 d. 600
5. Which of the following launch angles will produce the highest maximum height
reached?
a. 250 b. 550 c. 700 d. 800
6. Three soccer balls are kicked at three different angles, 200, 300, and 500, with varying
initial velocities. All soccer balls have the same maximum height reached. Which of
the following statements is correct?
a. All soccer balls have the same time of flight.
b. The soccer ball at 200 has the longest time of flight.
c. The soccer ball at 300 has the longest time of flight.
d. The soccer ball at 500 has the longest time of flight.
7. You throw a ball, with the same initial velocity, at different angles, 100, 200, 400, and
500. Which two throws cause the ball to land the same distance away?
a. 100 and 200 c. 400 and 500
b. 10 and 40
0 0
d. 200 and 500
8. Which of the following launch angles will cause the object to have the shortest time of
flight if the initial velocity of the object is the same?
a. 150 b. 450 c. 600 d. 750
9. Which of the following launch angles will cause the body to travel the longest range if
the initial velocity of the object is the same?
a. 100 b. 150 c. 600 d. 750
10. The higher the launch angle,
a. the greater the horizontal component of the initial velocity
b. the lower the horizontal component of the initial velocity
c. the greater the vertical component of the initial velocity
d. the lower the vertical component of the initial velocity

Reflection:
1. I learned that ___________________________________________________________
2. I enjoyed most on ________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more on ____________________________________________________

References:
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A.
Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Ragaele A. Olarte, et al. 2014. Science 9: Learner’s
Material. DepEd-IMCS: Pasig City.

The Physics Classroom. n.d. “Maximum Range.” Accessed April 18, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/vectors/mr.cfm

Practice personal hygiene protocols at all times.

Prepared by:

ARNOLD B. BULAONG