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AMA1110 Tutorial - 2s

This document is a tutorial on basic mathematics covering topics like inverse functions, trigonometric functions, and trigonometric identities. It provides definitions of terms like injective functions, even and odd functions, and periodic functions. It also includes examples of evaluating inverse trigonometric functions and trigonometric expressions, simplifying trigonometric functions of multiple angles, and proving various trigonometric identities.

Uploaded by

Brian Li
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
153 views

AMA1110 Tutorial - 2s

This document is a tutorial on basic mathematics covering topics like inverse functions, trigonometric functions, and trigonometric identities. It provides definitions of terms like injective functions, even and odd functions, and periodic functions. It also includes examples of evaluating inverse trigonometric functions and trigonometric expressions, simplifying trigonometric functions of multiple angles, and proving various trigonometric identities.

Uploaded by

Brian Li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Tutorial 2

AMA1110 Basic Mathematics I -


Calculus and Probability & Statistics
Tutorial 2

A Revision
Keywords: Inverse Functions. Trigonometric Functions. One-to-One.

Definition A.1 (Injective, 1-1) Let f : A → B be a function. f is said to be injective


(or f is an one-to-one function) if and only if f (a1 ) = f (a2 ) ⇒ a1 = a2 , for all a1 , a2 ∈ A.

Definition A.2 (Even) Let S be a symmetric set of numbers and y = f (x) be a function
defined on S. If f (−x) = f (x), ∀x ∈ S, then f is said to be an even function.

Definition A.3 (Odd) Let S be a symmetric set of numbers and y = f (x) be a function
defined on S. If f (−x) = −f (x), ∀x ∈ S, then f is said to be an odd function.

Definition A.4 (Periodic) Let y = f (x) be a function defined on R. If there exists a


positive constant T such that f (x + T ) = f (x) for all real number x, f (x) is called a
periodic function with period T . Any multiple of T is also a period of f (x). We select
the smallest positive period as the period of the periodic function.

General solutions of a trigonometric equation:

sin θ = b ⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n sin−1 b, n ∈ Z. (A.1)


cos θ = b ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± cos−1 b, n ∈ Z. (A.2)
tan θ = b ⇒ θ = nπ + tan−1 b, n ∈ Z. (A.3)

Table of Trigonometric Identities

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ 1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ


2 tan θ
sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ tan 2θ = 1−tan2 θ

θ 1 − cos θ θ 1 + cos θ θ 1 − cos θ


sin2 = cos2 = tan2 =
2 2 2 2 2 1 + cos θ
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin(A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B cos(A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
sin(A + B) + sin(A − B) cos(A + B) + cos(A − B)
sin A cos B = cos A cos B =
2 2
sin(A + B) − sin(A − B) cos(A + B) − cos(A − B)
cos A sin B = sin A sin B = −
2 2
       
x+y x−y x+y x−y
sin x + sin y = 2 sin cos cos x + cos y = 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
       
x+y x−y x+y x−y
sin x − sin y = 2 cos sin cos x − cos y =−2 sin sin
2 2 2 2

1
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Tutorial 2

B Exercise
1. Write the following improper rational functions as the sum of a polynomial and a
proper rational function.

2x3 − 7x2 + 4x − 8 3x3 − x2 + 4x − 9


(a) (b)
x−3 x2 + 1

2. Determine whether the following functions have inverse functions. If yes, find a
formula for these inverse functions.
√
(a) f : R → R defined by f (x) = 3 x + 1.
x−2
(b) g : [0, ∞) → R defined by g(x) = .
x+2
(c) h : R → R defined by h(x) = x2 + 2x + 1.
(d) k : [0, ∞) → R defined by k(x) = x2 + 2x + 1.
√
(e) ` : [0, ∞) → R defined by `(x) = 1 + 2 + 3x.
√
1− x
(f) m(x) : [0, ∞)→R defined by m(x) = √ .
1+ x

3. Suppose 0 ≤ x, y ≤ π2 . If sin x = 1
3
and sec y = 54 , evaluate the following expressions.

(a) sin(x + y) (b) cos(x − y) (c) sin 2y

4. (a) Find all possible values of sin 2x and cos 2x if sin x = 12/13.

(b) Find all possible values of sin(x/2) and cos(x/2) if cos x = 7/25.

5. Suppose n is an integer. Simplify the following expression.

(a) sin((2n + 1)π + x) (c) tan((2n + 1)π + x) (e) cos((n + 1/2)π + x)

(b) cos((2n + 1)π + x) (d) sin((n + 1/2)π + x) (f) tan((n + 1/2)π + x)

6. Evaluate the following without using calculator.


   
−1 1 1 −1 1
(a) sin 2 cos (b) cos cos
4 2 3

7. Prove the following identities.

(a) (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + sin 2x (c) tan2 x − sin2 x = tan2 x sin2 x
(b) sec x − cos x = tan x sin x (d) cot2 θ + sec2 θ = tan2 θ + csc2 θ

2
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Tutorial 2

(e) 2 csc 2x = sec x csc x 1 1


(k) + = 2 sec2 θ.
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
(f) sin2 x − sin2 y = sin(x + y) sin(x − y)
(g) cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ cos(4π + θ)
(l)  5π  tan(−θ) = −1
cos −θ
(h) tan θ + cot θ = sec θ csc θ 2
sin θ
(i) = csc θ + cot θ π 5π 7π 1
1 − cos θ (m) cos cos cos =
9 9 9 8
sin(x + y)
(j) tan x + tan y =
cos x cos y
(n) sin 3A + cos 3A = (cos A − sin A)(1 + 2 sin 2A)
 π  2π 
(o) tan θ + tan θ + + tan θ + = 3 tan 3θ
3 3

Answer:
−5
1a. 2x2 − x + 1 + 4a. sin 2x = ±120/169,
x−3 cos 2x = −119/169
x−8
1b. 3x − 1 + 4b. sin(x/2) = ±3/5,
x2 + 1
cos(x/2) ± 4/5
2a. f −1 (y) = y 3 − 1
5a. − sin x
2(1+y)
2b. g −1 (y) = 1−y
5b. − cos x
2c. h is not one-to-one
√ 5c. tan x
2d. k −1 (y) = y−1

2e. `−1 (x) = (x−1)2 −2 5d. (−1)n cos x


3


1−y
2 5e. (−1)n+1 sin x
2f. m−1 (y) = 1+y

√
4+6 2
5f. − cot x
3a. 15
√
15
√
3+8 2
6a. 8
3b. 15
q
24 2
3c. 25 6b. 3

- The only way to learn mathematics is to do mathematics. Paul Halmos (1916-2006). -


- Finis -

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