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    Purpose: Lab Work 3. Electrochemistry

    Uploaded by

    Fritz Manyau
    1. This lab experiment involves three parts: determining the activity of metals through reaction observations, measuring the standard emf of a copper-zinc galvanic cell, and exploring the electrolysis of various salt solutions using graphite electrodes. 2. In part one, metal salts are reacted with more reactive metals like zinc or copper, and observations are used to determine the relative reactivity of the metals. 3. In part two, a copper-zinc galvanic cell is constructed and its emf measured. Calculations are also performed relating to the cell's thermodynamics. 4. Part three examines the electrolysis of potassium iodide, sodium chloride and copper sulfate solutions, with

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    Purpose: Lab Work 3. Electrochemistry

    Uploaded by

    Fritz Manyau
    22 views3 pages
    1. This lab experiment involves three parts: determining the activity of metals through reaction observations, measuring the standard emf of a copper-zinc galvanic cell, and exploring the electrolysis of various salt solutions using graphite electrodes. 2. In part one, metal salts are reacted with more reactive metals like zinc or copper, and observations are used to determine the relative reactivity of the metals. 3. In part two, a copper-zinc galvanic cell is constructed and its emf measured. Calculations are also performed relating to the cell's thermodynamics. 4. Part three examines the electrolysis of potassium iodide, sodium chloride and copper sulfate solutions, with

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    1. This lab experiment involves three parts: determining the activity of metals through reaction observations, measuring the standard emf of a copper-zinc galvanic cell, and exploring the electrolysis of various salt solutions using graphite electrodes. 2. In part one, metal salts are reacted with more reactive metals like zinc or copper, and observations are used to determine the relative reactivity of the metals. 3. In part two, a copper-zinc galvanic cell is constructed and its emf measured. Calculations are also performed relating to the cell's thermodynamics. 4. Part three examines the electrolysis of potassium iodide, sodium chloride and copper sulfate solutions, with

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views3 pages

    Purpose: Lab Work 3. Electrochemistry

    Uploaded by

    Fritz Manyau
    1. This lab experiment involves three parts: determining the activity of metals through reaction observations, measuring the standard emf of a copper-zinc galvanic cell, and exploring the electrolysis of various salt solutions using graphite electrodes. 2. In part one, metal salts are reacted with more reactive metals like zinc or copper, and observations are used to determine the relative reactivity of the metals. 3. In part two, a copper-zinc galvanic cell is constructed and its emf measured. Calculations are also performed relating to the cell's thermodynamics. 4. Part three examines the electrolysis of potassium iodide, sodium chloride and copper sulfate solutions, with

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    LAB WORK 3.

    ELECTROCHEMISTRY

    Purpose
    To determine the activity of different metals. To measure the standard emf of the
    copper–zinc galvanic cell. To explore the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of different
    salts
    Procedure
    Safety
    Dilute aqueous salt solutions are not dangerous, BUT if any chemicals spill on you,
    immediately rinse the affected area under running water. Dispose of all chemical waste
    in the porcelain container
    Materials and equipment
    1) 0.5 M Al2(SO4)3 (aq), FeCl3 (aq), ZnSO4 (aq), and CuSO4 (aq), K3[Fe(CN)6]
    (aq), granules of Al, Zn, and Cu; 3 small test tubes, test tube rack; 2) Copper and zinc
    electrodes, 1 M CuSO4 (aq), 1 M ZnSO4 (aq); 2 50-mL beakers, salt bridge, voltmeter;
    3) 0.5 M CuSO4 (aq), NaCl (aq), and KI (aq), starch (aq), KI-starch aqueous solution,
    test paper, phenolphthalein alcohol solution; U-tube, 2 graphite electrodes, power supply
    Part 1. Electrode potentials of metals
    Values of electrode potentials of metals are derived from comparisons with the
    hydrogen cell under standardized conditions of 1 M solution at 25 oC and 1 atmosphere
    (101325 Pa) pressure. The standard hydrogen cell is hydrogen gas from a platinum
    electrode in 1 M solution of H+. If E0 value is +ve, then the preferred direction of electron
    flow is left to right. The ion or atom with the greater value of E0 will attract electrons
    more easily. A positive value for E0 means that particles in the half cell attract electrons
    more easily than particles in the hydrogen half cell. If more than one reaction could
    occur, the reaction that does occur is the reaction that would form the greatest voltage
    (See Course materials Appendix 6).
    Experimental procedure
    Note that solution volumes are approximate for all reactions below.
    1. Place into 3 test tubes 2–3 mL of 0.5 M Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, and CuSO4
    solutions.
    2. To the test tube containing solution of 0.5 M FeCl3 add 5 drops of the
    K3[Fe(CN)6]. (K3[Fe(CN)6] serves as a test for Fe2+ ions. The reaction given
    below takes place in this system
    3FeCl3 + 2K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ] → Fe3 [Fe(CN)6 ]2 + 6KCl
    yellow blue
    a dark blue precipitate is known as Turnbull’s blue).
    3. Place granules of zinc into the each test tube.
    4. In 2–3 minutes record your observations.
    5. Write in molecular and ionic equations.
    6. Repeat the experiment for the 0.5 M solutions of Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3,
    and ZnSO4. But add granules of copper.
    7. Repeat the experiment for the 0.5 M solutions of CuSO4, FeCl3, and
    ZnSO4. But add granules of aluminum.
    8. According to your observations range the metals by the decrease of
    their activity.
    Part 2. Zinc/copper galvanic cell
    Electrochemical cells (Voltaic cells) form electricity from chemical reactions. The
    cell is made up of two half cells. Each half cell consists of an electrode in contact with
    an electrolyte. It is usually a metal in contact with one of the metal salt solutions (See
    Course materials Chapter 6).
    Experimental procedure
    Note that solution volumes are approximate for all reactions below.
    1. Fill 50-mL beaker with approximately 30 mL of 1 M solution of
    ZnSO4.
    2. Place zinc electrode into the solution.
    3. Fill 50-mL beaker with approximately 30 mL of 1 M solution of
    CuSO4.
    4. Place copper electrode into the solution.
    5. Connect the solutions with salt bridge.
    6. Attach voltmeter to the system and measure the emf of the cell.
    Record your observations.
    7. Calculate: 1) theoretical value of the emf of this cell and compare it
    with experimental data (Use Course materials, p. 90); 2) the free-energy change
    (ΔG); equilibrium constant (K) (Use Course materials, p. 91); 3) the emf of this
    cell under given concentrations: 0.001 M ZnSO4 and 1 M CuSO4, 0.1 M ZnSO4
    and 0.1 M CuSO4 (Use Course material, p. 94.)
    8. Write the half-cell reactions and cell diagram.
    Part 3. Electrolysis of aqueous solutions of salts on the graphite electrodes
    Electrolysis refers to the decomposition of a substance by an electric current. To
    study the processes of electrolysis we use the aqueous solutions of KI, NaCl, and
    CuSO4. Electrolysis is carried out on the graphite electrodes.
    Experimental procedure
    1. Place the solution of 0.5 M KI into the U-tube.
    2. Attach electrodes to the power supply (cathode to “–“, anode to “+”).
    3. Put electrodes into the solution.
    4. Turn on the power supply (U ≈ 30 V).
    5. Wait for 3–5 minutes.
    6. Turn off the power supply. Take out the electrodes and wash out them
    under the running water.
    7. Add 7 drops of iodine-starch solution to anode space. Record your
    observations.
    8. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein to the cathode space. Record your
    observations.
    9. Make a conclusion about the medium character of the cathode space.
    Write down the equations of the process.
    10. Repeat the experiment described above with the solution of 0.5 M
    NaCl, BUT add 7 drops of starch solution to the anode space.
    11. Record your observations. Write down the equations of the process.
    12. Repeat the experiment with the solution of 0.5 M CuSO4.
    13. Look at the cathode and record your observations.
    14. With the test-paper determine the character of medium of the anode
    space and write the equations of the process.
    Make the conclusions concerning the lab work and answer the questions given
    below.
    Questions
    1. Arrange the following species in order of increasing strength
    as oxidizing agents: MnO 4− (in acidic solution), Sn2+, Al3+, Co3+, and Ag+.
    Assume all species are in their standard states.
    +
    2. Can Sn reduce Zn (2aq ) under standard-state conditions?

    3. What is the standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a Cd


    electrode in a 1.0 M Cd(NO3)2 solution and a Cr electrode in a 1.0 M
    Cr(NO3)3 solution?
    4. Calculate ΔGº for the following reaction at 298 K:
    2Al3+ 2+
    (𝑎𝑞) + 3Mg (𝑠) ⇌ 2Al(𝑠) + 3Mg (𝑎𝑞)
    5. An aqueous of Mg(NO3)2 is electrolyzed on the graphite
    electrodes. Write cathode and anode reactions. What are the gaseous
    products at the anode and cathode?
    6. A current of 0.452 A is passed through an electrolytic cell
    containing molten CaCl2 for 1.50 hours. Write the electrode reactions and
    calculate the quantity of products (in grams) formed at the electrodes.

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