Agro Ecology Assignment

AGRO ECOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
1. what are the various approaches to agro ecology , list and explain property?
Agroecological approaches involve the application of integrated ecological, economic and

social principles to the transition of smallholder farming systems, towards greater resilience.
This involves adapting 13 generic agroecological principles to local circumstances.
The contribution of agroecological approaches to

realizing climate-resilient agriculture
It is generally accepted that agriculture is a major driver of climate change as well as being acutely
challenged to adapt to its effects. Agroecological approaches involve the application of integrated
ecological, economic and social principles to the transition of smallholder farming systems, towards
greater resilience. This involves adapting 13 generic agroecological principles to local circumstances. The
principles include: diversification, recycling, and better connecting producers and consumers. Adaptation
is done by scientists working closely with farmers and other stakeholders to co-create concrete, demand-
led solutions to pressing problems as they are experienced locally rather than through imposing externally
prefabricated solutions that may not be locally appropriate.
Agroecology comprises transdisciplinary science; sustainable agricultural practices; and, social

movements that are precipitating widespread behaviour change. Agroecological principles map closely to
principles of adaptation with the notable exception that while they often exhibit resilience benefits, these
are incidental rather than representing an explicit response to climate signals. Current market failures (for
example not costing pollution nor valuing the maintenance of soil organic carbon); and, perverse policy
incentives (for example subsidizing use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides) combine to mitigate against
decisions for farmers and other food system actors to adopt agroecological approaches despite their
benefits for climate resilience.
Agroecology manifests at field, farm and landscape scales, for which different metrics of agricultural
performance are relevant in order for agroecological practices to be fairly judged against alternatives.
Operationalising new and holistic performance metrics for agriculture will require innovation in both public
and private (value chain) sector governance.
Agroecology (a-grō-ē-ˈkä-lə-jē) is an applied science that studies ecological

processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles to bear
can suggest new management approaches in agroecosystems. The term is often used
imprecisely, as the term can be used as a science, a movement, or an agricultural practice.
[1]
Agroecologists study a variety of agroecosystems. The field of agroecology is not
associated with any one particular method of farming, whether it
be organic, regenerative, integrated, or conventional, intensive or extensive, although some
use the name specifically for alternative agriculture
Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and
environment."[2] Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants,
animals, humans and the environment within agricultural systems.[3] Francis et al. also use the
definition in the same way, but thought it should be restricted to growing food.[4]
Agroecology is a holistic approach that seeks to reconcile agriculture and local communities with
natural processes for the common benefit of nature and livelihoods.
Agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including sciences such
as agronomy, ecology, environmental science, sociology, economics, history and others.
[3]
Agroecology uses different sciences to understand elements of ecosystems such as soil properties
and plant-insect interactions, as well as using social sciences to understand the effects of farming
practices on rural communities, economic constraints to developing new production methods, or
cultural factors determining farming practices.[citation needed] The system properties of agroecosystems
studied may include: productivity, stability, sustainability and equitability.[5] Agroecology is not limited
to any one scale; it can range from an individual gene to an entire population, or from a single field in
a given farm to global systems.[3]
Wojtkowski differentiates the ecology of natural ecosystems from agroecology inasmuch as in
natural ecosystems there is no role for economics, whereas in agroecology, focusing as it does on
organisms within planned and managed environments, it is human activities, and hence economics,
that are the primary governing forces that ultimately control the field. [6][7] Wojtkowski discusses the
application of agroecology in agriculture, forestry and agroforestry in his 2002 book

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AGRO ECOLOGY ASSIGNMENT

Agroecological approaches involve the application of integrated ecological, economic and

The contribution of agroecological approaches to

Agroecology comprises transdisciplinary science; sustainable agricultural practices; and, social

Agroecology (a-grō-ē-ˈkä-lə-jē) is an applied science that studies ecological

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