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    Lungs-WPS Office

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    zenith parmar
    The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, one on each side of the midline. Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, and medial surface. The right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two lobes due to the heart's position. The lungs are surrounded by pleura and contained within the pleural cavity. Structures enter and exit the lungs at the hilum, including blood vessels, airways, and nerves. Gas exchange occurs across the thin respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries.

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    Lungs-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    zenith parmar
    44 views23 pages
    The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, one on each side of the midline. Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, and medial surface. The right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two lobes due to the heart's position. The lungs are surrounded by pleura and contained within the pleural cavity. Structures enter and exit the lungs at the hilum, including blood vessels, airways, and nerves. Gas exchange occurs across the thin respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries.

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    The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, one on each side of the midline. Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, and medial surface. The right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two lobes due to the heart's position. The lungs are surrounded by pleura and contained within the pleural cavity. Structures enter and exit the lungs at the hilum, including blood vessels, airways, and nerves. Gas exchange occurs across the thin respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views23 pages

    Lungs-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    zenith parmar
    The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, one on each side of the midline. Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, and medial surface. The right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two lobes due to the heart's position. The lungs are surrounded by pleura and contained within the pleural cavity. Structures enter and exit the lungs at the hilum, including blood vessels, airways, and nerves. Gas exchange occurs across the thin respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries.

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    Lungs

    Position and gross structure


    There are two lungs, one lying on
    each side of the midline in the thoracic
    cavity. They are cone shaped and
    have an apex, a base, a tip, costal
    surface and medial surface.
    The apex This is rounded and rises into the
    root of the neck, about 25 mm above the
    level of the middle third of the clavicle. It
    lies close to the first rib and the blood vessels
    and nerves in the root of the neck.
    The base -This is concave and semilunar in
    shape, and lies on the upper (thoracic) surface
    of the diaphragm
    The costal surface
    This surface is convex and lies directly against the
    costal cartilages, the ribs and the intercostal
    muscles.

    The medial surface


    This surface is concave and has a roughly
    triangular-shaped area, called the hilum, at the
    level of the 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae.
    Structures forming the root of the lung enter
    and leave at the hilum.

    These include the primary bronchus, the


    pulmonary artery supplying the lung and the
    two pulmonary veins draining it, the bronchial
    artery and veins, and the lymphatic and nerve
    supply
    The area between the lungs is the mediastinum. It is
    occupied by the heart, great vessels, trachea, right and
    left bronchi, oesophagus, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
    and nerves.

    The right lung is divided into three distinct lobes:


    superior, middle and inferior.
    The left lung is smaller because the heart occupies
    space left of the midline.
    It is divided into only two lobes:
    superior and inferior. The divisions between the lobes
    are called fissures.
    Pleura and pleural cavity

    The pleura consists of a closed sac of serous


    membrane (one for each lung) which
    contains a small amount of serous fluid.

    The lung is invaginated (pushed into) into


    this sac so that it forms two layers:
    one adheres to the lung and the other to the
    wall of the thoracic cavity
    The visceral pleura
    This is adherent to the lung, covering each
    lobe and passing into the fissures that
    separate them.

    The parietal pleura


    This is adherent to the inside of the chest wall
    and the thoracic surface of the diaphragm. It
    is not attached to other structures in the
    mediastinum and is continuous with the
    visceral pleura round the edges of the hilum
    The pleural cavity
    This is only a potential space and
    contains no air. In health, the two layers
    of pleura are separated by a thin film of
    serous fluid (pleural fluid), which allows
    them to glide over each other,
    preventing friction between them during
    breathing. The serous fluid is secreted by
    the epithelial cells of the membrane
    Interior of the lungs

    The lungs are composed of the bronchi


    and smaller air passages, alveoli,
    connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph
    vessels and nerves, all embedded in an
    elastic connective tissue matrix. Each
    lobe is made up of a large number of
    lobules.
    Pulmonary blood supply

    The pulmonary trunk divides into the


    right and left pulmonary arteries, which
    transport deoxygenated blood to each
    lung. Within the lungs each pulmonary
    artery divides into many branches,
    which eventually end in a dense capillary
    network around the walls of the alveoli .
    The walls of the alveoli and the
    capillaries each consist of only one
    layer of flattened epithelial cells.
    The exchange of gases between air in
    the alveoli and blood in the capillaries
    takes place across these two very fine
    membranes (together called the
    respiratory membrane)
    The pulmonary capillaries join up,
    forming two pulmonary veins in each
    lung. They leave the lungs at the hilum
    and carry oxygenated
    blood to the left atrium of the heart.
    The innumerable blood capillaries and
    blood vessels in the lungs
    are supported by connective tissue.

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