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IS 5267 (2002): Vocabulary of Gear Terms - Definitions

Related to Worm Gear Geometry [PGD 31: Bolts, Nuts and
Fasteners Accessories]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 —A,

IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999

W1’i%m
m * Wddi? –WHaw=nfw
?-l-=/i
+ m *IS
(WFi’7jg!m)

hdian Standard
VOCABULARY OF GEAR TERMS — DEFINITIONS
RELATED TO WORM GEAR GEOMETRY
(First Revision )

ICS 01 .040.21; 21.200

,
@ BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHA.DUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

October 2002 Price Group 5

,A
I
Gears Sectional Committee, BP 13

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 1122-2:1999 ‘Vocabulary of gear
terms — Part 2: Definitions related to worm gear geometry’ issued by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of
the Gears Sectional Committee and approval of the Basic and Production Engineering Division Council.

This standard was originally published in 1969. This revision of the standard has been made by adoption
of ISO 1122-2: 1999 under dual numbering system.

The general definition of gears, vocabulary related to cylindrical gears, gear pairs, trains of gears,
bevel gears, hypoid gears, etc, except worm gears have been covered in IS 2458:2001 ‘Vocabulary
of gear terms — Definitions related to geometry (first revision).

The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention
is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be
read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker in the International Standard while in Indian
Standards, the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

c) Only English language text in the International Standard has been retained while adopting it in
this Indian Standard.

>--
/,,
i,
 —$

1S5267 :2002
1s0 1122-2:1999

Indian Standard
VOCABULARY OF GEAR TERMS — DEFINITIONS
RELATED TO WORM GEAR GEOMETRY

SCOPE

This part of 1S0 1122 contains the part of the

international vocabulary of gears which is devoted
solely to geometrical definitions of worm gears.
( First Revision)

It gives, for each of the geometrical terms relative

to gears, a standard definition which will be valid
.$
internationally, the corresponding term being
chosen as far as possible in each language in such Figure 2
a way as to be a direct reflection of the meaning 1.1.1.3
of the definition. mid-plane of the toroid
NOTE Since the choice of the corresponding term can only be plane of symmetry of the toroid, perpendicular to
partially fulfilled in any particular language, due to the necessity
its axis
of respecting certain established conventions, it is advisable, as
far as translation into other languages is concerned, to refer al-
See Figure 3.
ways to the meaning of the definition itself, rather than to a sim-
ple transposition of the original term.

1 DEFINITIONS

1.1 General

1.1.1 Toric surfaces and lines

1.1.1.1
toroid
Figure 3
solid or surface of revolution, generated by the
rotation of a circle (the generant), about an axis 1.1.1.4
(the toroid axis) external to the circle and situated mid-circle of the toroid
in its plane

.$
circle described in the mid-plane of the toroid by
See Figure 1. the centre of its generant

See Figure 4.

Figure 1
1.1.1.2 Figure 4
generant of a toroid
1.1.1.5
one of the two circles formed by the intersection inner circle of the toroid
of the toroid with any plane passing through the
smaller of the two circles of intersection of the
toroid axis
toroid by its mid-plane
See Figure 2.
See Figure 5.

1
 \
A.

1
IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999
\$
with those of an enveloping worm, when meshed
i.
together with crossed axes

1.1.2.6
..
double-enveloping worm gear pair

enveloping worm and its mating double enveloping

@ wheel meshed together with crossed axes
Figure 5 .,
See Figure 7.
1.1.2 Terms for worm gear pairs and their !
..1
wheels ,
,-
1.1.2.1 +
1
(cylindrical) worml)
2
cylindrical helical gear with one or more threads .<T”,/) ‘ “–
1.1.2.2 8%
(single enveloping) wormwheell) Key
1 Worm
gear whose tooth flanks are capable of line contact 2 Wheel
with those of a cylindrical worm, when meshed Figure 7
as a pair (see 1.1.2.3)
1.2 (Cylindrical) worm
1.1.2.3
1.2.1 Reference elements
(single enveloping) worm gear pairl)

worm and wormwheel meshed together with 1.2.1.1

crossed axes thread

See Figure 6. tooth of a worm

NOTE A worm may have one or more threads.

/“” 1

—.. _ )
.—..—. 1.2.1.2
reference cylinder
1 ) 2 reference sudace of a worm on which the nominal ,
.—. — . thread dimensions are defined
‘.-/” @ ~ .—.
& See Figure 8.

f
Key
NOTE Its diameter is the nominal worm diameter.
1 Wheel

-x *
2 Worm
1.’3.1.2
1.21.2
Figure 6
—.
1.1.2.4
enveloping worm —. —
‘A /4

worm with one or more helical threads, of which ~ t,2.1.3

the tip and root surfaces are parts of toroids

coaxial with the worm, the radii of their mid-circles Figure 8
being co-incident with and equal to, the centre 1.2.1.3
distance of the crossed axis gear pair reference diameter

1.1.2.5 diameter of a reference cylinder

double-enveloping wormwheel
See Figure 8.
gear whose tooth flanks are capable of line contact
1.2.1.4
1)The qualifications“cylindrical”and “singie enveloping” are Only reference helix
required when possible confusion between these definitions and
helix of intersection of a thread flank with the
enveloping “respectively double enveloping” might otherwise
arise. reference cylinder

2
 6%

IS 5267:2002
1s01 122-2:1999

1.2.1.5
worm facewidth
. . .
length of the threaded part of the worm at the
reference cylinder, measured parallel to the axis
e
See Figure 9. Figure 12

NOTE The length is that which is actually usable and is 1.2.1.9

denoted by its flanks being completely formed.
offset plane

plane perpendicular to the axis of wormwheel and

parallel to an offset from the axis of the worm

See Figure 13.

s

I 1.2.1.5 I
Figure 9
1.2.1.6
lead angle of worm

lead angle of reference helix (see 1.2.2.4)

See Figure 10.

Figure 13
NOTE Its tangent is equal to the ratio between the number of
threads and the diameter quotient.
1.2.1.10
rack profile

intersection of a thread flank with a plane parallel

to its axial plane

1.2.1.11
normal plane

plane normal to the reference helix ---”

--N’
1.2.1.6
1.2.1.12
Figure 10 normal profile
1.2.1.7
intersection of a thread flank with a plane normal
axial profile
to the reference helix
trace of the intersection of a thread flank by an
1.2.1.13
axial plane
normal pitch
See Figure 11.
length of the axis between two corresponding
flanks measured along a helix orthogonal to
reference helix

1.2.1.14
normal module

quotient of the normal pitch, expressed in

Figure 11 millimetres, divided by the number n
1.2.1.8
1.2.1.15
transverse profile
thread thickness
line of intersection of a thread flank with a plane
length of the generatrix of reference cylinder
which is perpendicular to the worm axis
between two opposite flanks of the same thread
See Figure 12.
See Figure 14.

I
IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999

1.2.1.16 See Figure 15.

space width 1.2.2.6
length of the generatrix of reference cylinder
between two opposite flanks of two consecutive
threads

See Figure 14.

4=’
-F
1

Figure 15

1.2.3 Principal forms of flanks

Figure 14
1.2.3.1
1.2.2 Pitch, addendum, dedendum
type A
1.2.2.1 straight axial profile
lead
1.2.3.2
axial distance between two consecutive corres-
type I
ponding profiles of the same worm thread
involute helicoidal profile
1.2.2.2
axial pitch 1.2.3.3
axial distance between consecutive corresponding type N
profiles of a worm straight profile in a plane normal to the reference
NOTE The axial pitch is equal to the quotient of the lead helix containing the axis of symmetry of the space
divided by the number of threads. width profile

1.2.2.3 1.2.3.4
axial module type C
quotient of the axial pitch divided by the number n concave axial profile produced with a rotary disc
type tool with convex circular arc profiles at each
1.2.2.4
side of the periphery
diameter quotient

quotient of the reference diameter divided by the 1.2.3.5

axial module type K

convex axial profile produced with a rotary disc

1.2.2.5
tooth depth type tool in the form of a double cone

radial distance between the root cylinder and the 1.2.4 Meshing elements
tip cylinder
1.2.4.1
See Figure 15. pitch plane
1.2.2.6 pitch surface of worm
addendum (value)
geometrical surface given by the instantaneous
radial distance between the tip cylinder and the axis of rotation in the relative motion of worm wheel
reference cylinder to the worm threads
See Figure 15. NOTE This plane is parallel to worm wheel axis and the worm
axis.
1.2.2.7
1.2.4.2
dedendum (value)
distance between pitch plane and worm axis
radial distance between root cylinder and
reference cylinder distance equal to half the pitch diameter

4
 IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999
1.2.4.3 1.3 Single enveloping wormwheels (for shaft
pitch diameter angle 90°)
diameter is equal to twice the distance between
1.3.1Reference elements
pitch plane and worm axis
See Figure 18.
See Figure 16.

l::-+
1.3.1.10
/ /[ “3”’”’ 1318

131?
-.
1319

Figure 16
B

1.2.5 Particular definition for involute worm A

--h 1.3.1.1

1.2.5.1 Figure 18
base cylinder 1.3.1.1
mid-plane
cylinder coaxial with the worm on which the plane
containing the generator of the flank of the worm plane perpendicular to the wheel axis and
revolves without sliding containing the axis of the mating worm

See Figure 17. See Figure 18.

1.2.5.2 1.3.1.2
base helix reference toroid

helix on the base cylinder to which the straight conventional toroid of which the mid-circle radius
line generator of the worm thread flank is a tangent is equal to the worrn/wormwheel centre distance,
its axis and mid-plane co-incident with those of
See Figure 17.
the wormwheel and its generant is equal to the
NOTE This is also the intersection of the involute helicoid of a reference circle of the mating worm
flank with the base cylinder. ,.. --
See Figure 18.
1.2.5.3
1.3.1.3
base diameter
outside surface
diameter of base cylinder
surface of revolution co-axial with the wormwheel,
See Figure 17. traced by the external boundaries of the worm-
wheel teeth, which is composed of a thread form
1.2.5.4
surface and an outside cylinder limited by the width
base angle
of the wheel
lead angle of base helix
1.3.1.4
See Figure 17. outside cylinder

cylindrical part of the outside surface

See Figure 18.

1.3.1.5
throat form surface

1.2.5.4 toric portion of the outside surface

See Figure 18.

1.2,5
1.3.1.6
root surface
Figure 17 toric surface concentric with the reference toroid

1’
IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999
and containing the bottom lands of the tooth 1.3.2.2
spaces throat diameter
diameter of the throat circle at mid-plane
1.3.1.7
reference circle See Figure 19.

inner circle of intersection of the reference toroid 1.3.2.3

with the mid-plane root diameter

See Figure 18. diameter of the root circle

See Figure 19.

1.3.1.8
throat circle 1.3.2.4
reference diameter
circle of intersection of the throat form surface
with the mid-plane diameter of the reference circle

See Figure 18. See Figures 19,20 and 21.

1.3.2.5
1.3.1.9
reference pitch
root circle
length of the arc of the reference circle between
circle of intersection of the root surface with the two consecutive corresponding profiles
mid-plane
See Figure 18.
See Figure 18.
1.3.2.6
1.3.1.10 facewidth
root toroid
distance between the two planes containing the
toroid tangent to the root surface of the teeth circles of intersection of the reference toroid with
the end faces of the teeth
See Figure 18.
See Figure 19.
1.3.2 Reference and overall dimensions NOTE When the teeth are symmetrical in relation to the mid-
plane, as is usually the case, the facewidth is equal to the chord
See Figures 18 and 19. of the reference generant, between the ends of the teeth.

1.3.2.6
1- i 1.3.2.7
face width angle

angle at the centre of the reference generant,

subtended by the points of its intersection with
the tooth ends

See Figure 19.

o 1.3.2.8
r
throat form radius
radius of the generant of the tone surface of the
throat

See Figure 19.

I-J=--l 1.3.2.9
wheel rim
Figure 19
1.3.2.1 rim which contains the wheel teeth
outside diameter
1.3.2.10
maximum diameter of the gear blank rim width

See Figure 19. maximum axial dimension of the rim

See Figure 19.

6
 A.

IS 5267:2002
---?
1s01 122-2:1999
1.3.2.11 1.3.3.6
distance of face width angle transverse module
distance between the axis of the worm wheel and ratio between the transverse pitch and the
the angle point of the face width angle number n
See Figure 19. NOTE It is equivalent to axial module of worm.

1.3.3 Working elements 1.3.4 Addendum, dedendum

See Figure 20. See Figure 21.

m
.

l-l
1.3.2.4

“’’’’’’:?$ Figure 21
1.3.4.1 J

Figure 20
1.3.4.1
1.3.3.1
tooth depth
pitch circle
half the difference between the throat diameter
(in the mid-plane and concentric with the reference
and the root diameter
circle) circle at which the pitch of the wormwheel
teeth is equal to the axial pitch of the worm See Figure 21.

1.3.3.2 1.3.4.2
pitch diameter reference addendum2J
diameter of a pitch circle half the difference between the throat diameter
See Figure 20. and the reference diameter

See Figure 21.

1.3.3.3
transverse pitch
1.3.4.3
length of the arc of the pitch circle between two working addendum
consecutive corresponding profiles
half the difference between the throat diameter
See Figure 20. and the pitch diameter
NOTE The transverse pitch is equal to the axial pitch of the 1.3.4.4
worm. The transverse pitch is also equal to the product of the
reference dedendum2)
module times 71.
half the difference between the reference diameter
1.3.3.4 and the root diameter
profile shift
See Figure 21.
half the algebraic difference between the reference
diameter and the pitch diameter 1.3.4.5
,.
working dedendum
See Figure 20.
NOTE It is equal to the specified centre distance, minus half
half the difference between the pitch diameter and
of the sum of the reference diameter of the worm and the pitch the root diameter
diameter of the wheel.

1.3.3.5
Z)By convention, the qualification “reference” may be omitted
profile shift coefficient
as understood unless a clear distinction between “reference”
quotient of the profile shift divided by the axial and “operating” is necessary. Use the qualification “tooth refer-
ence” when there may otherwise be a risk of confusion with a
module of the worm
specially machined datum surface also termed “reference sur-
face”

7
IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999

1.4 Worm gear pairs (single enveloping) (shaft See Figure 22.
angle 90°) NOTE This surface is obtained by the successive lines of
contact during gear meshing.
1.4.1 Gear ratio, depth and clearance
/’

1.4.1.1
l.fi.

-$
gear ratio

quotientof the number of teeth of the wheel divided

by the number of threads of the worm -1
1.4.1.2
working depth

distance, along the common perpendicular to both

axes, between the tip surfaces of the worm and Key :
the wheel 1 Instantaneous axis of rotation

1.4.1.3 Figure 22
bottom clearance 1.4.1.8
i
approach length
distance, along the common perpendicular to both
axes, between the tip cylinder of the worm and the axial distance between the first point of contact of
root circle of the wheel or between the throat circle threads, on approach, and the instantaneous axis
of the wheel and the root cylinder of the worm of rotation when gear is working as reducer

1.4.1.4 See Figure 22.

circumferential backlash
1.4.1.9
length of arc of the pitch circle through which a recess length
wheel can be turned, from working flank contact
axial distance between the last point of contact of
to non-working flank contact when the mating
threads, on withdrawal, and the instantaneous axis
worm is fixed
of rotation when gear is working as reducer
1.4.1.5 See Figure 22.
normal backlash
1.4.1.10
shortest distance between non-working flanks
total contact ratio
when the working flanks are in contact
ratio between the angle of worm wheel rotation
1.4.1.6 corresponding to the limit positions of meshing
working centre distance (begin and end) and the transverse pitch of worm
distance between the worm axis and the worm wheel
wheel axis
1.4.2 Worm gear mesh sections
1.4.1.7
1.4.2.1
zone of contact
worm gear mesh section
geometrical surface defined by contact points
section of the mesh of a worm gear pair, by any
between the worm and the worm wheel
plane perpendicular to the wormwheel axis

8
 _&

IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999
Alphabetical Index
A M

addendum (value) 1.2.2.6 mid-circle of the toroid 1.1.1.4

approach length 1.4.1.8 mid-plane 1.3.1.1

axial module 1.2.2.3 mid-plane of the toroid 1.1.1.3

axial pitch 1.2.2.2 N

axial profile 1.2.1.7 normal backlash 1.4.1.5

B normal module 1.2.1.14

base angle 1.2.5.4 normal pitch 1.2.1.13

base cylinder 1.2.5.1 normal plane 1.2.1.11

base diameter 1.2.5.3 normal profile 1.2.1.12

base helix 1.2.5.2 0

bottom clearance 1.4.1.3 offset plane 1.2.1.9

c outside cylinder 1.3.1.4

circumferential backlash 1.4.1.4 outside diameter 1.3.2.1

D outside surface 1.3.1.3

dedendum (value) 1.2.2.7 P

diameter quotient 1.2.2.4 pitch circle 1.3.3.1

distance between pitch plane and worm axis pitch diameter 1.2.4.3; 1.3.3.2
1.2.4.2
pitch plane 1.2.4.1
distance of face width angle 1.3.2.11 ---
pitch surface of worm 1.2.4.1
double-enveloping worm gear pair 1.1.2.6
profile shift 1.3.3.4 ,
double-enveloping wormwheel 1.1.2.5
pr~file shift coefficient 1.3.3.5
E
R
enveloping worm 1.1.2.4
rack profile 1.2.1.10
F recess length 1.4.1.9
face width angle 1.3.2.7 reference addendum 1.3.4.2
facewidth 1.3.2.6 reference circle 1.3.1.7
G reference cylinder 1.2.1.2
gear ratio 1.4.1.1 reference dedendum 1.3.4.4
generant of a toroid 1.1.1.2 reference diameter 1.2.1 .3; 1.3.2.4

I reference helix 1.2.1.4

inner circle of the toroid 1.1.1.5 reference pitch 1.3.2.5

reference toroid 1.3.1.2

L
rim width 1.3.2.10
lead 1.2.2.1
root circle 1.3.1.9
lead angle of worm 1.2.1.6

9
 IS 5267:2002
1s0 1122-2:1999

root diameter 1.3.2.3 type C 1.2.3.4

root surface 1.3.1.6 type I 1.2.3.2
rOOt toroid 1.3.1.10 type K 1.2.3.5

s type N 1.2.3.3

space width 1.2.1.16 w

T wheel rim 1.3.2.9

thread 1.2.1.1 working addendum 1.3.4.3

thread thickness 1.2.1.15 working centre distance 1.4.1.6

throat circle 1.3.1,8 working dedendum 1.3.4.5

throat diameter 1.3.2.2 working depth 1,4.1.2

throat form radius 1.3.2.8 worm facewidth 1.2.1.5

throat form surface 1.3.1.5 worm gear mesh section 1.4.2.1

tooth depth 1.2.2.5; 1.3.4.1 (cylindrical) worm 1.1.2.1

toroid 1.1.1.1 (single enveloping) worm gear pair 1.1.2.3

total contact ratio 1.4.1.10 (single enveloping)

transverse module 1.3.3.6 wormwheel 1.1.2.2

transverse pitch 1.3.3.3 z

transverse profile 1.2.1.8 zone of contact 1.4.1.7
type A 1.2.3.1

10
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should ascefiain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. BP 13 (0240).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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