V

PhEd14
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARDS
HEALTH AND FITNESS II
(Outdoor and Adventure Activities)
LEARNING GUIDE

COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF HUMAN KINETICS

Lesson 3.2: Early History and Competition of the sport

Lesson Summary

For many people, riding a bicycle was something they did as a kid, but it’s not something they
did much of once they got into their teen years. For some, it’s because they got a car and
could drive places instead of a bike. For others, it’s because they live in an area where
bicycling isn’t an option—those out in rural areas with unpaved roads may not always be able
to bike places. But with new inventions such as the electric bike and bicycles that are safer,
more and more people are turning to bikes as a way of saving money and going green.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

• Create a timeline of the history of the sport

Motivation Question

• Why is it necessary to warm up before cycling?

Bicycling was, to begin with, presented within the 1800s, and it rapidly became very well
known. In any case, the fundamental bike plan can be followed back to 1493, when Gian
Giacomo Caprotti outlined out the thought. Another adaptation was built in France in 1791. In
any case, what numerous individuals consider the primary down-to-earth bike was created in
1817 by Karl von Drais, a German respectful servant. In 1868, the primary recorded bike race
was held. Bikers racked 1,200 meters within the Stop of Saint-Cloud in Paris. In the U.S., bikes
were inconceivably prevalent within the early 1900s. The most seasoned bike hustling club, the
St. Louis Cycling Club, was set up in 1887 and proceeds to have races and other events today.
In any case, by 1920, the hone of cycling rapidly passed on out since of the car and the
development of bigger rural areas. In Europe, cycling proceeded to go solid until the 1950s.

The goal of many inventors over the past 6 centuries was to discover a device for fast and
easy road transport. From the earliest sketches of Leonardo Da Vinci to the first wheel-based
bicycle of Baron Karl von Drais they all wanted to make one device – the bicycle. Here are some
of the most important points in the long history of bicycles:

1493 – One of the earliest bicycle sketches became determined during the 1960s recovery of
Leonardo da Vinci’s "Codex Atlanticus". Bicycle drawing became now no longer
attributed to Da Vinchi himself however is alleged to be made with the aid of using his
scholar Gian Giacomo Caprotti in 1493. His designs may be made with substances that
had been extended to be had in the one's times, however, no running prototype of the
tool became ever made. Some historians declare that journeying by bicycle became now
no longer socially suitable for the duration of that period.
1649 – German inventor Johann Hautsch created an automatic carriage that might deliver one
passenger over 500m with the usage of the complex mechanical drive. His tool
reminded extra of a motorized vehicle than a bicycle.

1680 - German inventor Stephan Farffler created a primarily recognized tricycle. This version
did now no longer function pedals, however, it became propelled with the usage of a
hand crank.

1817 – German Baron Karl von Drais created the precursor to the nowadays’s bicycle. His
invention called Laufmaschine (Draisine in England and Draisienne in France)
represented first commercially a hit human-powered, wheeled, steerable delivery
machine. Its layout carefully resembled the present-day bicycle, however with the
omission of the chain primarily based transmission to one of the wheels. The pressure
of human stroll or run completely powered his velocipede. After reaching an acceptable
pace passenger should carry his toes from the floor and maintain cruising.

1820 – Few years after Laufmaschine, English inventor Denis Johnson stepped forward model
of Baron Karl von Drais’ layout. His “Dandy Horse” had lots of large wheels, which
stepped forward the steadiness for the duration of the experience.

The 1860s – During the 1860’s-decade bicycle one of the maximum critical enhancements of
all time. Pierre Michaux patented the bicycle pedal in 1861 and he commenced the
usage of rubber tires and ball bearings for quicker and simpler use. The first recorded
bicycle race passed off on May 31, 1868.

1870 – Frenchman Eugene Meyer made a bicycle with a very huge front wheel and a smaller
again wheel. Popular version of that kind became heavily produced with the aid of using
Englishman James Starley who stepped forward the consolation of the experience
however delivered extra threat in a few situations (using downhill, extended accidents
after the fall).

1874 – H.J. Lawson made the primary bicycle with a chain.

1885 - James Starley commenced manufacturing of his protection bicycle “Rover” that's
nowadays appeared because the first version of the “present-day” bicycle. This version
became very and snug to apply and it commenced the generation called “Golden Age of
Bicycles”.

1900 – The bicycle layout has become standardized (fundamental diamond form crafted from
metal, pneumatic rubber tires, curler chain, one gear, coaster brakes) and became
unchanged for extra than 50 years. At that time, many biking golf equipment was
fashioned in America and Europe, which gave lots extra reputation to that manner of
delivery. Until the advent of mass manufacturing cars, bicycles and horses had been the
simplest manner of non-public transportation.
1980 – During the 1980s, the use of Mountain Bikes and BMX have become popular. They
brought a couple of gears and plenty of lighter creation frames crafted from aluminum
alloy or carbon fiber.

Cycling as a recreation formally started on May 31, 1868, with a 1,200-metre (1,312-yard)
race among the fountains and the doorway of Saint-Cloud Park (close to Paris). The winner
became James Moore, an 18-year-antique expatriate Englishman from Paris. On November 7,
1869, the primary town-to-town race became held among Paris and Rouen; once more Moore
became the winner, having included a hundred thirty-five km (eighty-four miles) in 10 hours 25
minutes, such as time spent strolling his bicycle up the steeper hills. While avenue racing has
become not unusual place inside some years in continental Europe, in England the deteriorated
situations of the roads made them unsuitable, and consequently, the game there targeted at the
song or time trials.
In America, the primary recorded race became hung on May 24, 1878, in Boston, years after
the beginning of expert baseball and thirteen years earlier than basketball became invented.
Almost all the early American racing became on tracks, in lengthy races from time to time using
pacers who rode in advance of contestants at a quick pace after which dropped away. By the
Eighteen Nineties, there had been approximately one hundred dirt, cement, or wood tracks
across the country, particularly in large towns. More than six hundred experts traveled in this
country-wide circuit, which ranged from Boston to San Francisco, with competitions in such
towns as St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Denver, and Los Angeles. The recreation obtained a
considerable exposure increase on June 30, 1899, whilst such a rider, Charles M. Murphy, rode
on a wood song in the back of a Long Island Rail Road educate and included a mile in 57. eight
seconds, incomes the nickname of Mile-a-Minute Murphy.
An in particular grueling shape of racing flourished with inside the United States in the
1890s: the six-day race, 142 hours (for the reason that races generally commenced at the hours
of darkness and ended, six days later, at 10 PM) of nonstop opposition with prizes up to $10,000
and a worldwide discipline of riders. This shape of racing becomes converted with the extrude
from one-guy groups to two-man groups in 1899, and six-day races retained their recognition
nicely into the 1930s. While now not held in the United States, those races preserve to draw
huge crowds in Belgium, Italy, France, and Germany.
 Following the appearance of the high-wheeled “ordinaries”, bicycle racing has
become a totally popular, but pretty dangerous activity.
These bulky cycles with tough rubber tires and a brake-in call handiest required
widespread braveness to trip and gave upward thrust to the term “breakneck pace” when you
consider that a crash frequently resulted in the rider getting pitched over the front of the wheel,
frequently with devastating results. The preference for even extra pace led to ever large wheel
diameters because the handiest manner to get the cycle to head quicker changed into growing
the scale of the riding wheel. With the front wheels accomplishing 60 inches in diameter and
beyond, a look for a more secure layout brought about the improvement of the bicycle referred
to as the “safety” which had each wheel of the same size.
Safety bicycle layout, pneumatic tires, and the precept of gearing blended to convey bicycle
racing to a brand-new degree of competition, and shortly those bicycles racing on banked
timber tracks have become the feeling of the wearing world!
The first documented biking race changed into a 1, two-hundred-meter race hung on
May 31, 1868, on the Parc of Saint-Cloud, Paris. It changed into gained through expatriate
Englishman Dr. James Moore who rode a bicycle with strong rubber tires. The first cycle race
overlaying a distance among towns changed into Paris-Rouen, additionally gained through
James Moore, who rode the 123 kilometers dividing each town into 10 hours and forty minutes.
Professional bicycle racing in velodromes turned into an immensely famous spectator
recreation in the United States with racers like Arthur Zimmerman (one of the international's
best biking dash riders and winner of the primary international championship in 1893) and
Marshall “Major” Taylor (Taylor turned into best the second one African-American athlete to
gain the extent of a global-wide championship in 1899 — after boxer George Dixon) receiving
the accolades offered to superstars, their recreation of bicycle racing nearly the countrywide
recreation of the United States.
In Europe, music racing turned into famous, however, it turned into avenue racing that
captured the creativeness of the people. Long-distance races from metropolis to metropolis
which includes the 355-mile (572 km) race from Bordeaux to Paris, or the punishing 795-mile
(1280 km) race from Paris to Brest and again to Paris had been contested earlier than the flip
of the ultimate century. Other races that all started then, which include Paris-Roubaix and Liege-
Bastogne-Liege, are nevertheless being held to this day, however, it turned into in 1903 that the
“race to give up all races” turned into devised, the epic Tour de France.
The maximum prestigious avenue race is France's three-week Tour de France, based in
1903 via way of means of newspaper editor Henri Desgrange. Riders compete in several
everyday levels at distances as much as 260 km (162 miles) around France, over the Alps and
Pyrenees, and into quantities of 5 neighboring countries. The winner is commonly stated
because of the international's pleasant cyclist. Road races which include the United States' Tour
Du Pont, Italy's Giro d'Italia, and Switzerland's Tour of Switzerland are preparatory races for the
Tour de France. Other prestigious activities are the classics, one-day marathons of
approximately 255 km (158 miles). The pinnacle traditional is Paris-Roubaix, held in northern
France. Others encompass Italy's Milan-San Remo and Belgium's Het Volk.

References:

Bicycle Timeline -The Bicycle’s Progression. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.bicyclehistory.net

The History and Overview of Cycling. (n.d.-a). EBikeKit.com. Retrieved from:

Nicolamira. (2010, January 30). History of competitive cycling | Greatest Sporting Nation.
Www.greatestsportingnation.com.Retrieved from:
http://www.greatestsportingnation.com/content/history-competitive-cycling