Macros

#define  M_E   2.7182818284590452354
 

#define  M_LOG2E   1.4426950408889634074 /* log_2 e */

 

#define  M_LOG10E   0.43429448190325182765 /* log_10 e */

 

#define  M_LN2   0.69314718055994530942 /* log_e 2 */

 

#define  M_LN10   2.30258509299404568402 /* log_e 10 */

 

#define  M_PI   3.14159265358979323846 /* pi */
 

#define  M_PI_2   1.57079632679489661923 /* pi/2 */

 

#define  M_PI_4   0.78539816339744830962 /* pi/4 */

 

#define  M_1_PI   0.31830988618379067154 /* 1/pi */

 

#define  M_2_PI   0.63661977236758134308 /* 2/pi */

 

#define  M_2_SQRTPI   1.12837916709551257390 /* 2/sqrt(pi) */

 
#define  M_SQRT2   1.41421356237309504880 /* sqrt(2) */
 

#define  M_SQRT1_2   0.70710678118654752440 /* 1/sqrt(2) */

 

#define  NAN   __builtin_nan("")
 

#define  INFINITY   __builtin_inf()
 

#define  cosf   cos
 

#define  sinf   sin
 
 #define  tanf   tan
 

#define  fabsf   fabs
 

#define  fmodf   fmod
 

#define  cbrtf   cbrt
 

#define  hypotf   hypot
 

#define  squaref   square
 

#define  floorf   floor
 

#define  ceilf   ceil
 

#define  frexpf   frexp
 

#define  ldexpf   ldexp
 

#define  expf   exp
 

#define  coshf   cosh
 

#define  sinhf   sinh
 

#define  tanhf   tanh
 

#define  acosf   acos
 

#define  asinf   asin
 

#define  atanf   atan
 

#define  atan2f   atan2
 

#define  logf   log
 

#define  log10f   log10
 

#define  powf   pow
 

#define  isnanf   isnan
 

#define  isinff   isinf
 

#define  isfinitef   isfinite
 

#define  copysignf   copysign
 

#define  signbitf   signbit
 

#define  fdimf   fdim
 

#define  fmaf   fma
 

#define  fmaxf   fmax
 

#define  fminf   fmin
 

#define  truncf   trunc
 

#define  roundf   round
 

#define  lroundf   lround
 

#define  lrintf   lrint
 

Functions
double  cos (double __x)
 

double  sin (double __x)

 

double  tan (double __x)

 

double  fabs (double __x)

 

double  fmod (double __x, double __y)

 

double  modf (double __x, double *__iptr)

 

float  modff (float __x, float *__iptr)

 

double  sqrt (double __x)

 

float  sqrtf (float)
 

double  cbrt (double __x)

 

double  hypot (double __x, double __y)

 

double  square (double __x)

 

double  floor (double __x)

 

double  ceil (double __x)

 

double  frexp (double __x, int *__pexp)

 

double  ldexp (double __x, int __exp)

 

double  exp (double __x)

 

double  cosh (double __x)

 

double  sinh (double __x)

 

double  tanh (double __x)

 

double  acos (double __x)

 

double  asin (double __x)

 

double  atan (double __x)

 

double  atan2 (double __y, double __x)

 

double  log (double __x)

 

double  log10 (double __x)

 

double  pow (double __x, double __y)

 

int  isnan (double __x)

 

int  isinf (double __x)

 

static int  isfinite (double __x)

 

static double  copysign (double __x, double __y)

 

int  signbit (double __x)

 

double  fdim (double __x, double __y)

 

double  fma (double __x, double __y, double __z)

 

double  fmax (double __x, double __y)

 

double  fmin (double __x, double __y)

  

double  trunc (double __x)

 

double  round (double __x)

 

long  lround (double __x)

 

long  lrint (double __x)

 

Detailed Description
#include <math.h>

This header file declares basic mathematics constants and functions.

Notes:

 In order to access the functions declared herein, it is usually also required to

additionally link against the library libm.a. See also the related FAQ entry.
 Math functions do not raise exceptions and do not change the errno variable.
Therefore the majority of them are declared with const attribute, for better
optimization by GCC.

Macro Definition Documentation

#define acosf   acos

The alias for acos().

#define asinf   asin

The alias for asin().

#define atan2f   atan2

The alias for atan2().

#define atanf   atan
The alias for atan().

#define cbrtf   cbrt

The alias for cbrt().

#define ceilf   ceil

The alias for ceil().

#define copysignf   copysign

The alias for copysign().

#define cosf   cos

The alias for cos().

#define coshf   cosh

The alias for cosh().

#define expf   exp

The alias for exp().

#define fabsf   fabs

The alias for fabs().

#define fdimf   fdim

The alias for fdim().

#define floorf   floor

The alias for floor().

#define fmaf   fma

The alias for fma().

 #define fmaxf   fmax

The alias for fmax().

#define fminf   fmin

The alias for fmin().

#define fmodf   fmod

The alias for fmod().

#define frexpf   frexp

The alias for frexp().

#define hypotf   hypot

The alias for hypot().

#define INFINITY   __builtin_inf()

INFINITY constant.

#define isfinitef   isfinite

The alias for isfinite().

#define isinff   isinf

The alias for isinf().

#define isnanf   isnan

The alias for isnan().

#define ldexpf   ldexp

The alias for ldexp().

#define log10f   log10
The alias for log10().

#define logf   log

The alias for log().

#define lrintf   lrint

The alias for lrint().

#define lroundf   lround

The alias for lround().

#define M_1_PI   0.31830988618379067154 /* 1/pi */

The constant 1/pi.

#define M_2_PI   0.63661977236758134308 /* 2/pi */

The constant 2/pi.

#define M_2_SQRTPI   1.12837916709551257390 /* 2/sqrt(pi) */

The constant 2/sqrt(pi).

#define M_E   2.7182818284590452354

The constant e.

#define M_LN10   2.30258509299404568402 /* log_e 10 */

The natural logarithm of the 10.

#define M_LN2   0.69314718055994530942 /* log_e 2 */

The natural logarithm of the 2.

#define M_LOG10E   0.43429448190325182765 /* log_10 e */

The logarithm of the e to base 10.

 #define M_LOG2E   1.4426950408889634074 /* log_2 e */

The logarithm of the e to base 2.

#define M_PI   3.14159265358979323846 /* pi */

The constant pi.

#define M_PI_2   1.57079632679489661923 /* pi/2 */

The constant pi/2.

#define M_PI_4   0.78539816339744830962 /* pi/4 */

The constant pi/4.

#define M_SQRT1_2   0.70710678118654752440 /* 1/sqrt(2) */

The constant 1/sqrt(2).

#define M_SQRT2   1.41421356237309504880 /* sqrt(2) */

The square root of 2.

#define NAN   __builtin_nan("")

NAN constant.

#define powf   pow

The alias for pow().

#define roundf   round

The alias for round().

#define signbitf   signbit

The alias for signbit().

#define sinf   sin
The alias for sin().

#define sinhf   sinh

The alias for sinh().

#define squaref   square

The alias for square().

#define tanf   tan

The alias for tan().

#define tanhf   tanh

The alias for tanh().

#define truncf   trunc

The alias for trunc().

Function Documentation

double acos ( double  __x )

The acos() function computes the principal value of the arc cosine of __x. The returned value is in
the range [0, pi] radians. A domain error occurs for arguments not in the range [-1, +1].

double asin ( double  __x )

The asin() function computes the principal value of the arc sine of __x. The returned value is in the
range [-pi/2, pi/2] radians. A domain error occurs for arguments not in the range [-1, +1].

double atan ( double  __x )

The atan() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent of __x. The returned value is in
the range [-pi/2, pi/2] radians.

double atan2 ( double  __y,

 double  __x 
)

The atan2() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent of __y / __x, using the signs of
both arguments to determine the quadrant of the return value. The returned value is in the range [-pi,
+pi] radians.

double cbrt ( double  __x )

The cbrt() function returns the cube root of __x.

double ceil ( double  __x )

The ceil() function returns the smallest integral value greater than or equal to __x, expressed as a
floating-point number.

static double copysign ( double  __x,

double  __y 
) static

The copysign() function returns __x but with the sign of __y. They work even if __x or __y are NaN
or zero.

double cos ( double  __x )

The cos() function returns the cosine of __x, measured in radians.

double cosh ( double  __x )

The cosh() function returns the hyperbolic cosine of __x.

double exp ( double  __x )

The exp() function returns the exponential value of __x.

double fabs ( double  __x )

The fabs() function computes the absolute value of a floating-point number __x.

double fdim ( double  __x,

 double  __y 
)

The fdim() function returns max(__x - __y, 0). If __x or __y or both are NaN, NaN is returned.

double floor ( double  __x )

The floor() function returns the largest integral value less than or equal to __x, expressed as a
floating-point number.

double fma ( double  __x,

double  __y,
double  __z 
)

The fma() function performs floating-point multiply-add. This is the operation (__x * __y) + __z, but
the intermediate result is not rounded to the destination type. This can sometimes improve the
precision of a calculation.

double fmax ( double  __x,

double  __y 
)

The fmax() function returns the greater of the two values __x and __y. If an argument is NaN, the
other argument is returned. If both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.

double fmin ( double  __x,

double  __y 
)

The fmin() function returns the lesser of the two values __x and __y. If an argument is NaN, the
other argument is returned. If both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.

double fmod ( double  __x,

double  __y 
)

The function fmod() returns the floating-point remainder of __x / __y.

 double frexp ( double  __x,
int *  __pexp 
)

The frexp() function breaks a floating-point number into a normalized fraction and an integral power
of 2. It stores the integer in the int object pointed to by __pexp.

If __x is a normal float point number, the frexp() function returns the value v, such that v has a
magnitude in the interval [1/2, 1) or zero, and __x equals v times 2 raised to the power __pexp.
If __x is zero, both parts of the result are zero. If __x is not a finite number,
the frexp() returns __x as is and stores 0 by __pexp.

Note
This implementation permits a zero pointer as a directive to skip a storing the exponent.

double hypot ( double  __x,

double  __y 
)

The hypot() function returns sqrt(__x*__x + __y*__y). This is the length of the hypotenuse of a right

triangle with sides of length __x and __y, or the distance of the point (__x, __y) from the origin.
Using this function instead of the direct formula is wise, since the error is much smaller. No
underflow with small __x and __y. No overflow if result is in range.

static int isfinite ( double  __x ) static

The isfinite() function returns a nonzero value if __x is finite: not plus or minus infinity, and not NaN.

int isinf ( double  __x )

The function isinf() returns 1 if the argument __x is positive infinity, -1 if __x is negative infinity, and
0 otherwise.

Note
The GCC 4.3 can replace this function with inline code that returns the 1 value for both
infinities (gcc bug #35509).

int isnan ( double  __x )

The function isnan() returns 1 if the argument __x represents a "not-a-number" (NaN) object,

otherwise 0.
 double ldexp ( double  __x,
int  __exp 
)

The ldexp() function multiplies a floating-point number by an integral power of 2. It returns the value

of __x times 2 raised to the power __exp.

double log ( double  __x )

The log() function returns the natural logarithm of argument __x.

double log10 ( double  __x )

The log10() function returns the logarithm of argument __x to base 10.

long lrint ( double  __x )

The lrint() function rounds __x to the nearest integer, rounding the halfway cases to the even integer
direction. (That is both 1.5 and 2.5 values are rounded to 2). This function is similar to rint() function,
but it differs in type of return value and in that an overflow is possible.

Returns
The rounded long integer value. If __x is not a finite number or an overflow was, this
realization returns the LONG_MIN value (0x80000000).

long lround ( double  __x )

The lround() function rounds __x to the nearest integer, but rounds halfway cases away from zero
(instead of to the nearest even integer). This function is similar to round() function, but it differs in
type of return value and in that an overflow is possible.

Returns
The rounded long integer value. If __x is not a finite number or an overflow was, this
realization returns the LONG_MIN value (0x80000000).

double modf ( double  __x,

double *  __iptr 
)
The modf() function breaks the argument __x into integral and fractional parts, each of which has
the same sign as the argument. It stores the integral part as a double in the object pointed to
by __iptr.

The modf() function returns the signed fractional part of __x.

Note
This implementation skips writing by zero pointer. However, the GCC 4.3 can replace this
function with inline code that does not permit to use NULL address for the avoiding of
storing.

float modff ( float  __x,

float *  __iptr 
)

An alias for modf().

double pow ( double  __x,

double  __y 
)

The function pow() returns the value of __x to the exponent __y.

double round ( double  __x )

The round() function rounds __x to the nearest integer, but rounds halfway cases away from zero
(instead of to the nearest even integer). Overflow is impossible.

Returns
The rounded value. If __x is an integral or infinite, __x itself is returned. If __x is NaN,
then NaN is returned.

int signbit ( double  __x )

The signbit() function returns a nonzero value if the value of __x has its sign bit set. This is not the
same as `__x < 0.0', because IEEE 754 floating point allows zero to be signed. The comparison `-
0.0 < 0.0' is false, but `signbit (-0.0)' will return a nonzero value.

double sin ( double  __x )

The sin() function returns the sine of __x, measured in radians.

 double sinh ( double  __x )

The sinh() function returns the hyperbolic sine of __x.

double sqrt ( double  __x )

The sqrt() function returns the non-negative square root of __x.

float sqrtf ( float  )

An alias for sqrt().

double square ( double  __x )

The function square() returns __x * __x.

Note
This function does not belong to the C standard definition.

double tan ( double  __x )

The tan() function returns the tangent of __x, measured in radians.

double tanh ( double  __x )

The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of __x.

double trunc ( double  __x )

The trunc() function rounds __x to the nearest integer not larger in absolute value.