Environmnetal Fact Sheet (#16) Cocamide Diethanolamine (CDEA)
Environmnetal Fact Sheet (#16) Cocamide Diethanolamine (CDEA)
Environmnetal Fact Sheet (#16) Cocamide Diethanolamine (CDEA)
Date: 06/06/2017
Environmnetal Fact Sheet (#16)
Cocamide Diethanolamine (CDEA)
oleochemical non‐ionic surfactant
Substance Identification
Amides, coco, N,N‐
IUPAC Name CAS Number 68603‐42‐9
bis(hydroxyethyl)
Other Names Coco Fatty Acid Diethanolamide, Cocamide diethanolamine
UVCB substance (substances Structural formula :
of Unknown or Variable
composition, Complex
reaction products or
Molecular Formula Biological materials), no
univocal molecular formula
available
Physical/Chemical Properties
Molecular Weight No data available
Physical state No data available
Appearance No data available
Odour No data available
Density No data available
Melting Points No data available
Boiling point No data available
Flash Point No data available
Vapour Pressure No data available
Water Solubility No data available
Flammability No data available
Explosive Properties No data available
Surface Tension No data available
Octanol/water
Partition coefficient No data available
(Kow)
Cocamide Diethanolamine (alkanolamide) is a non‐ionic surfactant and is an additive used as a
refatting agent or to stabilize and enhance foaming properties. This substance is manufactured by
the condensation reaction of lauric oils (coconut oil and/or palm kernel oil) with diethanolamine
(DEA). Further information about DEA production is explained in the Eco Profile fact sheet of the
precursor DEA (#15).
Product and Process
For this purpose the triglyceride of lauric oils together with diethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1 to 3
Description
is filled in a stainless steel reactor and gently heated under stirring. Any water traces are removed
under vacuum. Under slight pressure and in the presence of an alkaline catalyst (e.g. sodium
methylate) the temperature is further increased to 150 ‐ 180°C. After a certain residence time the
reaction product is cooled down to ambient temperature. In this process the glycerine formed in the
reaction remains in the final product cocamide diethanolamine.
Application It is an additive used as a refatting agent or to stabilize and enhance foaming properties.
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Life Cycle Assessment
General Introduction
These Environmental Fact Sheets are a product of the ERASM Surfactant Life Cycle & Ecofootprinting (SLE) project. The
objective of this project was to establish or update the current environmental profile of 15 surfactants and 17 precursors, taking
into consideration actual surfactant production technology and consistent high quality background data.
The Fact Sheets are based upon life cycle assessment (LCA) and have been prepared in accordance with the ISO standard [ISO
14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006]. In addition, the project follows the ILCD (2010) handbook. This Fact Sheet describes the
cradle‐to‐gate production for Cocamide diethanolamine (CDEA). CDEA is an oleochemical surfactant.
The ERASM SLE project recommends to use the data provided in a full ‘cradle‐to‐grave’ life cycle context of the surfactant in a
real application.
Further information on the ERASM SLE project and the source of these datasets can be found in [1].
The full LCI can be accessed via www.erasm.org or via http://lcdn.thinkstep.com/Node/
Goal and Scope of ERASM SLE Project [1]
The main goal was to update the existing LCI inventories [2] for the production of Cocamide diethanolamine and its main
precursors/intermediates.
Data collected represents a 12 month averages of CDEA production in the year 2011, to compensate
Temporal Coverage seasonal influence of data. Background data have reference years from 2008 to 2010. The dataset is
considered to be valid until substantial technological changes in the production chain occur.
Current data are based on three suppliers representing CDEA production in Europe.
Geographical Coverage
The geographical representativeness for Cocamide diethanolamine was considered ‘good’.
The technological representativeness for Cocamide diethanolamine was considered ‘good’.
Technological
Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of the production process of Cocamide diethanolamine.
Coverage
Representativeness for
>60% (Represented market volume (in mass) covered by primary data used in ERASM SLE project.
market volume
In ERASM SLE project the declared unit (functional unit) and reference flow is one thousand kilogram
Declared Unit (1000 kg) of surfactant active ingredient. This was the reference unit also used in [2].
Functional Unit: 1 metric tonne of Cocamide diethanolamine 100% active substance.
Included Excluded
Coconut oil production Construction of major capital equipment
(Infrastructure)
Diethanolamine production (this production is Maintenance and operation of support
further explained in the fact sheet of the equipment
Cradle‐to Gate System precursor Diethanolamine (#15))
Boundaries Energy production Human labor and employee transport
Utilities Packaging
Transportation processes for the main materials
Water use and treatment of waste water
Treatment of wastes
Assumptions and Transportation was only considered for the main materials (covers about 90% of the mass of all
Limitations inputs), other transportation was not considered.
No significant cut‐offs were used.
Cut‐off Criteria [3]
The LCI study included all material inputs that had a cumulative total (refers to unit process level) of at
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least 98% of the total mass inputs to the unit process, and included all material inputs that had a
cumulative total of at least 98% of total energy inputs to the unit process.
The study included any material that had environmental significance in its extraction, manufacture,
use or disposal, is highly toxic, dangerous for the environment, or is classified as hazardous waste.
The sum of the excluded material flows did not exceed 5% of mass, energy or environmental
relevance.
For Cocamide diethanolamine production, allocation was not applied to the foreground
Allocation system. However, allocation was applied for the background system. Allocation by
Calculation Rules mass was used for the renewable precursors PKO and CNO.
Aggregated Vertical averaging was considered (as long as the final product was the same, different
data processes with common product intermediates can be aggregated in the average).
Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment [1]
Based on the LCI data an environmental impact assessment was performed for the indicators Primary Energy Demand (PED) and
Global Warming Potential (GWP). Other impacts may be calculated from the full LCI dataset.
Table 1. Primary Energy Demand and air emissions related to Global
Warming per 1 tonne of Sodium Cocamide diethanolamine 100% active substance
Primary Energy Demand (PED): An analysis of the inventory data shows that the PED impact is dominated by coconut oil and
diethanolamine, contributing to about 97%. The remaining contribution is due to other chemicals, thermal energy and
transport.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An analysis of the inventory data showed that the GWP impact is dominated by coconut oil
and diethanolamine, contributing above 97%. The remaining contribution is due to other chemicals, thermal energy and
transport.
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References for the ERASM SLE Project
Data Owner and
ERASM (Environment & Health Risk Assessment and Management). A research partnership of the
Commissioner of the
Detergents and Surfactants Industries in Europe (www.erasm.org).
study
LCA Practitioner thinkstep AG (www.thinkstep.com)
Prof. Walter Kloepffer, LCA Consult
Reviewers Mrs. Charlotte Petiot and Dr. Yannick Leguern, BiolS by Deloitte
Dr. Yannick Schmidt (2.0 LCA consultants)
[1] Schowanek. D et al. (2017) New and Updated Life Cycle Inventories for Surfactants used in
European Detergents: Summary of the ERASM Surfactant Life Cycle and Ecofootprinting Project. Int J.
LCA, in press.
[2] CEFIC‐Franklin (1994). Resource and environmental profile analysis of petrochemical and oleo
References
chemical surfactants produced in Europe. Phase II Final Report, Franklin Associates, LTD
[3] PLASTICSEUROPE (2011). Eco‐profiles and Environmental Declarations – Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
Methodology and Product Category Rules (PCR) for Uncompounded Polymer Resins and Reactive
Polymer Precursors, version 2.0.
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Figure 1. Production process of Cocamide Diethanolamine.
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