Government College University, Faisalabad: Department of English

Government College University, Faisalabad
Department of English
Syllabus of B.A.(Honors)English Literature (Semester System)
implemented from 2018 onwards
Total Credit Hours: 142
Policy Guidelines:
1. Focus on the critical appreciation and evaluation of the texts
2. Include 02 oral presentations, 01 group discussion, 01 mock interviews/viva voce and
1 quiz in the credited task/s (sessional)
3. Avoid Objective Type questions. Short Questions may be included in the question
papers.
4. Accept self-written assignment after plagiarism check (below 17%) through Turnitin
software
Semester: 1
Course
Sr # Course Title Credit Hours
Code
English (I)
1 ENG-301 3(3-0)
Pakistan Studies
2 PST-321 2(2-0)
History of English Literature (I)
3 ENG-305 3(3-0)
Introduction to Literary Studies ENG—
4 303 3(3-0)
Classical Poetry (I)
5 ENG-307 3(3-0)
Prose
6 ENG-309 3(3-0)
7 Social Psychology PSY-407 3(3-0)
Total 20
Semester: 2
Course
Code
English (II)
1 ENG-302 3(3-0)
Islamic Studies
2 ISL-321 2(2-0)
Classical Poetry (II)
3 ENG-304 3(3-0)
History of English Literature (II)
4 ENG-306 3(3-0)
Greek Literature
5 ENG-308 3(3-0)
Philosophy
6 ENG-310 3(3-0)
Total 17
Semester: 3
Course
Code
English (III)
1 ENG-401 3(3-0)
Computing
2 CSI- 321 3(3-0)
Introduction to Linguistics
3 ENG-403 3(3-0)
Novel (I) ENG-
4 405 3(3-0)
Elizabethan and Restoration Drama
5 ENG-407 3(3-0)
Physical Geography
6 GEO-302 3(3-0)
Total 18
Semester: 4
Course
Code
Advanced Academic Reading and Writing
1 ENG-402 3(3-0)
Media Studies
2 ENG-404 3(3-0)
Literary Criticism
3 ENG-406 3(3-0)
Romantic and Victorian Poetry
4 ENG-408 3(3-0)
Victorian Novel
5 ENG-409 3(3-0)
Shakespearean Studies
6 ENG-410 3(3-0)
Total 18
Semester: 5
Course
Code
Modern Poetry
1 ENG-501 3(3-0)
Pakistani Literature in Translation
2 ENG-503 3(3-0)
TESOL
3 ENG-505 3(3-0)
Literary Theory (I)
4 ENG-507 3(3-0)
American Literature (I)
5 ENG-509 3(3-0)
Modern Novel
6 ENG-511 3(3-0)
Total 18
Semester: 6
Course
Code
Literary Theory (II)
1 ENG-502 3(3-0)
American Literature (II)
2 ENG-504 3(3-0)
Modern Drama
3 ENG-506 3(3-0)
Russian Literature
4 ENG-508 3(3-0)
Pakistani Literature in English (I)
5 ENG-510 3(3-0)
Total 15
Semester: 7
Course
Code
Short Stories
1 ENG-601 3(3-0)
Postcolonial Studies
2 ENG-603 3(3-0)
Pakistani Literature in English (II)
3 ENG-605 3(3-0)
Literature of War and Conflict
4 ENG-607 3(3-0)
Theatre of the Absurd
5 ENG-609 3(3-0)
Total 15
Semester: 8
Course
Code
Research Methodology
1 ENG-602 3(3-0)
Women’s Writings
2 ENG-604 3(3-0)
World Literature
3 ENG-606 3(3-0)
Postcolonial Literature
4 ENG-608 3(3-0)
Critical Theory
5 ENG-610 3(3-0)
Total 15
Semester 1
01 Course Title: English-I (Grammar) 3(3-0)

Course Code: ENG-301
Introduction:
The course teaches the basics of English language to the fresh students of B.S. programme. It
enhances their command over language by enabling them to understand the techniques of making
simple sentences and complex sentences. Along with that, it also improves their speaking and
writing skills and inculcates a sense of confidence for the oral presentation, quiz and viva voce.
Objectives:
➢ To develop abilities for effective communication
➢ To make English language learning experience meaningful and interactive
➢ To enable the students to engage and collaborate with each other for vocabulary-building
Course Outline:
• Formal/Informal Introduction
• Parts of Speech (Basics of English Grammar)
• Phrases
• Clauses: Subject, Verb, Direct/Indirect Object, Object Complement, Subject
Complement
• Sentence Structure
• Kinds of Sentences
• Combining Sentences
• Use of Active/Passive Voice and Direct/Indirect Narration
• English Expressions, Manners & Greetings (Greeting etiquette, Gratitude, Command,
Agreement/Disagreement, Time-checking etc)
Recommended Readings:
Sr.No Books Author

01 High School Grammar Wren & Martin
02 Practical Grammar of English Thomson and Martinet
03 Azar, Betty Schrampher. (1996) Basic New York: Longman
English Grammar (2nd edition).
04 Azar, Betty Schrampher. (2000) New York: Longman
Understanding and Using English
Grammar (3rd edition)
05 Follow Me: Book 1 Barry Tomalin (BBC English by Radio &
Television)
06 Howe, D. H. et.al. (2004) English for Karachi: Oxford University Press
Undergraduates (3rd Impression
02 Course Title: Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)

Course Code: PST-321
Introduction:
The subject introduces the students to the history, culture and geography of Pakistan and provides
an insight into the political and social context of Pakistan from its inception to the present day.
The course foregrounds the various aspects of the political struggle that led to the creation of
Pakistan. It also examines concepts of nationhood and patriotism in the light of present-day
circumstances.
Objectives:
➢ To understand the spirit of freedom struggle in the creation of Pakistan
➢ To study the process of governance and national development in the early years of the
creation of Pakistan
➢ To examine the external and internal challenges the country faced after its independence
Course Outline:
• Regeneration of Muslim Society in the Sub-Continent and Causes of Decline of Muslim
Rule
• War of Independence 1857 and its Impacts upon the Politics of South Asia
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Aligarh Movement:
i) Educational Services
ii) Political Services
iii) Rational Interpretation of Islam
• All India Muslim League:
iv) Multiple Approaches and Causes of the Formation of Muslim League
v) Objectives of Muslim League
vi) Comparison of the Policies of All Indian National Congress and All India Muslim
League
vii) Politics of Muslim League after the Creation of Pakistan
• Luckhnow Pact 1916, High Water Mark of Hindu-Muslim Unity
• Khilafat Movement:
viii) Khilafat as an Institution
ix) Hindu-Muslim Unity
x) Role of Gandhi
xi) Emergence of Muslim Ulma in Indian Politics
xii) Causes of the Failure and Impacts of the Movement
• Iqbal’s Address at Allahabad 1930 and Political Thoughts of Ch. Rehmat Ali
• Congress Ministries
• Pakistan Resolution 1940
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah:
xiii) Jinnah’s role in Indian Politics
xiv) Quaid s a Governor General
• Initial Problems and Constitutional Development in Pakistan
• Constitutions of Pakistan (1956-1962-1973)
• Political Culture of Pakistan
• Foreign Policy of Pakistan:
xv) Major Determinants and Objectives
xvi) Overview
Sr. No Books Author
01 Pakistan the Formative Phase Khalid Bin Saeed
02 Struggle of Pakistan I.H. Qureshi
03 Pakistan Political Roots and Development, Safdar Mahmood

1947-1999
04 Political Parties in Pakistan 1947-1958 M. Rafique Afzal
05 Constitutional Development in Pakistan G. W. Choudhry
06 The Emergence of Pakistan Ch. Muhammad Ali
03 Course Title: History of English Literature- I 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course makes a roadmap of the historical inception, development and evolution of all genres
of English Literature along with the introduction of the building blocks of British history. It teaches
the students to connect literature with history, theology, culture, and civilization and interpret them
in the perspective of liberal education. Furthermore, it also broadens the vision of students, to
enlighten their minds, and to give them deep insight into literature from Medieval to 18th century.
Although, the scope of the course is quite expansive, the focus will be kept on the 14th to 18th
Century. The students will proceed from the Victorian Age to the Postmodern Age in their 2 nd
Semester.
Objectives:
➢ To develop an understanding of the economic theories, religious postures, philosophical
schools of thought and metaphysical debates that overlap each other in the literary works
of diverse nature elaborated in the history of English Literature
➢ The make the students aware of the fact that literary works are basically a referential
product of the practice that goes back to continuous interdisciplinary dialogical interaction
➢ To analyze and criticize the works of literature in their cultural and historical contexts
➢ To assess the influence of literary movements in Britain on English literature from all parts
of the world
Course Outline
• Old English Period (Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman conquest)
• Age of Chaucer
i) Salient Features of the Age of Chaucer
ii) Chaucer as Representative of his Age
iii) Chaucer’s Contribution to English Language and Literature
• Renaissance and Reformation
• University Wits
• Elizabethan Drama
• William Shakespeare
• Elizabethan Poetry
• Jacobean Drama
• Prose in Elizabethan Era
• Metaphysical School of Poetry
• Restoration Comedy
• 18th Century: Age of Prose Reason and Satire (Neo-Classical Era)
• Rise of English Novel
Core Readings:
Sr No Books Authors
01 Routledge History of English Ronald Carter

Literature
02 Critical History of English Literature David Dachies
03 A History of English Literature Legeouis Cazmian
04 History of English Literature IforIvans
05 English Literature William J. Long

Sr No Book Author
01 A History of English Literature, US, Harvard Alas Tair Fowler

University Press, 1987
02 Cambridge History of English Literature (A John Richetti

Dotcom History) UK, Cambridge University Press,
2006
03 USA Blackwell Publishing, A history of old Fulk Robert & Cain M.

English Literature Christopher
04 A Brief History of English Literature, New York, John Peck & Martin Coyle
Palgrave Publishers, 2002
05 The Present Age in British Literature. David Daiches

Bloomington, Indiana University, Press, 1958
06 The Routledge History of Literature in English Ronal Carter & John McRae
London. Routledge, 2001
07 A Short History of English Literature, Pramod K. Nayar

Foundation Books, 2009
04 Course Title: Introduction to Literary Studies 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course presents literature as a cultural and historical phenomenon. It very briefly touches
upon different theoretical approaches to literature to introduce the students to the literary and
cultural development of different literary genres. A general understanding of literary criticism and
theory as a broad field of philosophical terminologies, concepts and principles is also given to the
students to critically scrutinize different literary texts, while keeping them historically grounded.
Objectives:
➢ To study the history and practice of English as a scholarly discipline
➢ To undergo the history and development of each genre through excerpts of literary texts
➢ To do close reading of texts and analyze them with different critical frameworks
Contents:
• Defining Literature: Major Genres in Literature

• Poetry
i) Major Genres of Poetry: Narrative (i.e. epic) vs. Lyric (i.e. sonnet) poetry
ii) Lexical- thematic dimension: looking at words, simile and metaphor, conceit,
personification, symbols, image and imagery, paradox and ambiguity
iii) Rhythmic-acoustic dimension: Meter and variations in meter, rhyme and rhyme
schemes, Stanza forms, end stopped and run on lines, rhythm. Alliteration,
Consonance, Assonance, onomatopoeia
iv) Studying Poem as a whole (chapter from Mastering English Literature)
• Drama
v) Major Genres of Drama
vi) Text, Transformation and Performance
vii) Conventions of Drama
viii) Character and Plot
ix) Language of Drama
• Fiction
x) Major Forms of Fiction
xi) Narration and Point of view
xii) Characters (from Mastering English Literature & Introduction to Literary Studies)
xiii) Plot, Story and Setting (from Mastering English Literature & Introduction
to Literary Studies)
xiv) Themes (from Mastering English Literature & Introduction to Literary
Studies)
xv) Theoretical Approaches to Literature (Introduction to Literary Studies)
xvi) Interpretation of Literature (Mastering English Literature)
Core Readings
Sr. Books Author
No
01 Mastering English Literature Richard Gill
02 Introduction to Literary Studies Mario Clarer
03 Introduction to the Study of Literature W. H. Hudson
04 Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms J. A. Cuddons
05 Course Title: Classical Poetry I (3-0)

Introduction:
The course offers an exposure to the selected Classical English poets of the 14th& 15th Century. It
develops a critical understanding in the students to appreciate poetry as a literary form, analyse its
various elements, such as diction, tone, form, genre, imagery, figures of speech, symbolism,
themes etc, and identify the connotational and denotational meanings of poetic pieces.
Furthermore, it also introduces the students to the traditional forms of poetry within their specific
historical and social context.
Objectives:
➢ Develop a deeper appreciation of linguistic and cultural diversity by introducing them to
poetry of Classical Era
➢ To impart an insight into specific poetic language and classical allusions
➢ To explore the social and political situatedness of the poet and his textual
➢ To identify a variety of forms and genres of poetry such as sonnets, ballads, dramatic
monologues etc
➢ To recognize the rhythms, metrics and other musical aspects of poetry
Contents:
• Geoffrey Chaucer: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
• Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene (Book I)
• John Donne: Good Morrow, The Sun Rising, Go and Catch a Falling Star, Death be not
Proud, Batter My Heart, Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
Sr No Books Authors
01 A Commentary on the General Prologue to Muriel Bowden

the Canterbury Tales. New York: Macmillan
02 The Poet Chaucer. Oxford. Nevil Coghill
03 John Donne: Twentieth Century View Series Helen Gargner
04 On the Poetry of Pope G. Tillotson
05 The Metaphysical Poets. MacMillan (1967) M. Bowden
06 The Metaphysical Poets. MacMillan AE Dyson
07 Shakespeare, Spenser, Donne (Introduction). F. Kermode

Routledge & Kegan Paul
08 The Anatomy of Poetry. London: Routledge Marjorie Boulton

and Kegan Paul, 1977
06 Course Title: Prose 3(3-0)
Introduction:
The course is designed to make students understand the distinct features of Prose in comparison to
other genres of Literature. It also enables the students to interact with the first-class models of
essays to improve their writing skills and critically evaluate other pieces of writing. The selection
of writers has been made to improve the critical thinking of the students in Literature.
Objectives:
➢ To impart the knowledge of the distinct features of Prose
➢ To recognize and discuss selected texts from the Renaissance and compare them with the
modern renderings
➢ To approach literary texts in terms of genre, gender and the canon
➢ To engage in comparative work, draw general conclusions and use textual evidence to
argue a case
➢ To improve writing skills of students by providing them readings of well-known prose
writers
➢ To develop critical thinking in students
Contents:
• Bacon: Essays Selection (Five Essays, Of Truth, Of Death, Of Studies, Of Travel, Of

Simulation and Dissimulation)
• Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
• Russell: The Conquest of Happiness
• Charles Lamb (My Relations, Two Race of Men)
Sr No Books Authors
01 The English Eassys and Essayists. S. Hugh Walker
Chand & Co. Delhi.
02 Gulliver’s Travels (Case. Book Series). Richard Gravil
Macmillan .1974.
03 The Glory of English Prose. Tutis Digital Stephen Coleridge
Publishing Pvt. Ltd
04 Bertrand Rusell, Philosopher and John Leavis
Humanist. New World Paperbacks
07 Course Title: Social Psychology 3(3-0)

Course Code: PSY- 407
Introduction:
Social Psychology is the study of social interaction and social influence. As such, it remains one
of the most comprehensive and personally relevant areas within the field of psychology. The
topics covered are representative of the current subject matter within this discipline. Fundamental
assumptions and concepts underlying various theories about social phenomenon will be critically
assessed on the basis of experimental evidence. Furthermore, as a general education course, this
course attempts to provide opportunities to acquire certain skills which are useful not only in the
context of investigating, understanding, and influencing human behavior but which are
generalizable to other aspects of life.
Objectives:
➢ To expand the knowledge about social psychology and human behavior
➢ To raise awareness of the major problems and issues in the discipline of social psychology
and develop capacity to interpret research findings
➢ To understand the behavior of other people, particularly that of members of the diverse
array of groups and social categories to which learners do not belong
➢ To recognize the limits in generalizing psychological research to all
cultural/gender/ethnic/age groups and understand the dynamics of intergroup relationships,
conflict, and cooperation
Contents:
• Introduction to Psychology
o Definition, Nature, Application of Psychology in Pakistan
• Method of Psychology
o Observation Method
o Case History Method
o Experimental Method
o Interview
• Sensation: Definition, Characteristics
o Vision, Structure and Functions of the Eye
o Audition: Structure and Function of the Ear
• Perception: Definition, Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization, Types of Perception and
Illusion
• Learning: Definition, Types of Learning, Classical and Operant Conditioning, Methods
of Learning, Trial and Error, Learning by Insight, Observational Learning
• Socialization: Definition, Agents of Socialization, Process of Socialization
• Attitude: Nature, Formation of Attitude, Attitude Change
• Group Dynamics: Nature & Scope of Group, Interaction in Group, Culture & Social
Norms
Sr No Books Author
01 Psychology: An Introduction (11th Ed) B. Lehay
02 Social Psychology (11th Ed) David Myers
03 Understanding Psychology (9th Ed) R. Feldman
04 An Approach to Cognitive Psychology H. Khalil
05 The Social Animal Elliot Aronson
Semester 2
01 Course Title: English-II (Reading and Study Skills) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course introduces the students to the conventions of academic reading and writing to improve
their study skills. It enhances the creative and critical abilities of the students to skim for main
ideas, scan for details, develop reading speed, build academic vocabulary, make use of contextual
clues to infer meanings of unfamiliar words from context, summarize and paraphrase information
in a text and distinguish main ideas from specific details. Furthermore, it teaches them to locate
and select relevant information, take notes, paraphrase, synthesize and organize information,
demonstrate behavior and attitudes appropriate to a university environment (work collaboratively),
manage time, and comply with academic integrity rules.
Objectives:
➢ To take effective notes
➢ To read for comprehension and retention
➢ To evaluate various types of tests and select appropriate test taking techniques
➢ To develop a personalized study schedule
➢ To apply learning style to college learning
➢ To employ memory strategies and appropriate levels of thinking
Course Outline:
• Reading Comprehension
i) Identify Main Idea/Topic Sentence
ii) Analyzing paragraph writing
iii) Find Specific Information quickly
iv) Recognize and Interpret Cohesive Devices
v) Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion
vi) Pre- reading
vii) Skimming and Scanning
viii) SQ3R
ix) Notes taking techniques
x) Analyzing paragraph structure
xi) Identifying the writer’s intention such as cause/effect, reasons, comparison and
contrast, exemplification.
xii) Interpreting charts and diagrams
xiii) Making appropriate notes using strategies such as mind maps, tables, lists,
lists, graphs.
• Enhancing Vocabulary through Reading
• General Study Skills: Time Management, Finding Learning Style, Developing Reading
Keys and Systems
• Getting organized and knowing one’s Target
• Dictionary Skills
• Using the Library
• Critical Thinking
Sr No Books Authors
01 Study Skills: CUP Wallace Catherine
02 Write to be Read: reading, reflection and Smalzer

writing. CUP
03 1980 Study Skills in English. CUP M. Wallace
04 1981 English Skills McGraw Hill Book J. Langan
Co
05 1983 College Reading and Study Skills K.T. McWhorter
Little Brown & Co
06 1985 Developing Reference Skills Jordan & O’Brien
Collins
02 Course Title: Islamiat 2(2-0)

Course Code: ISL-321
Introduction:
A lifelong pursuit of learning is a characteristic ideal of Islamic piety. The primary focus of this
subject is the nurturing of religious belief in the students, but its scope broadens to incorporate
various secular disciplines, literary and scientific, as it aims at developing within the community
fully integrated personalities, grounded in the virtues of religion. This approach relates to the
theory and practice of both primary and higher education. It is evident not only in the Quran and
the literature of Prophetic Tradition (hadith), but also in countless proverbs, aphorisms, and
wisdom sayings; and in poetry and prose texts of the Middle Eastern literatures including, in
particular, the numerous medieval Arabic works devoted to pedagogical and didactic issues.
Objectives:
➢ To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
➢ To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
➢ To improve students’ skill to perform prayers and other rituals
‫‪➢ To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and religious‬‬
‫‪life‬‬
‫طلبہ کو قرآن و حدیث سے استفادہ کے قابل‬ ‫➢‬

‫طلبہ کے قلوب و اذہان میں قرآن و سنت کی روح اور علم کو راسخ کرنا‬ ‫➢‬
‫طلبہ میں اسوہ ختم المرسلین صلی ہللا علیہ و سلم کی اتباع اور حب رسول کا جذبہ پیدا کرنا‬ ‫➢‬
‫اسالم کی بنیادی تعلیمات کا فہم آسان بنانا اور طلبہ کی اسالمی بنیادوں پر تربیت کرنا‬ ‫➢‬
‫‪Contents:‬‬
‫‪Sr. No.‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫الکریم‬ ‫القرآن‬ ‫مطالعہ قرآن مجید کی ضرو رت و اہمیت‬
‫قرآن مجید کا اجمالی تعارف اور اعجاز‬
‫تعارف‬ ‫مختصر‬ ‫کا‬ ‫تفاسیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫تراجم‬
‫منتخب قرآنی آیات کا لفظی و با محا ورہ تر جمہ و تشریح‬
‫قرآن مجید کی مندرجہ ذیل آیات کا ترجمہ و تشریح کریں‬
‫(‪( )i‬سورۃ البقرۃ‪:‬آیات ‪1‬تا ‪5‬و‪ 28 4‬تا‪ ) 286‬ایمانیات۔‬
‫‪56,40,33,32,21,6‬تا‪)59‬‬ ‫‪:‬آیات‪:‬‬ ‫(سورۃاالحزاب‬ ‫(‪)ii‬‬
‫ازواج‬
‫ِ‬ ‫لت‪،‬‬ ‫رسا‬ ‫ناموس‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫لت‬ ‫رسا‬ ‫مقام‬
‫ِ‬ ‫نبوت‪،‬‬ ‫ختم‬ ‫حسنہ‪،‬‬ ‫اسوہ‬ ‫نبویہ‪:‬‬ ‫(تخصصات‬
‫النبی)ؐ۔‬
‫ئص اصحاب رسول ؐ)‬ ‫ت محمدیہ اور خصا ِ‬ ‫(‪( )iii‬الفتح ‪:‬آیت‪()29 .:‬رسال ِ‬
‫(‪( )iv‬سورۃ الصف ‪:‬آیات‪ 1:‬تا ‪( )14‬بشارت بعثت ختم المر سلین ‪،‬ہجرت‪،‬جہاد‪،‬‬
‫دین)‬ ‫غلبہ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫نصرت‬
‫(‪( )v‬سورۃ الحجرات‪ :‬آیات‪ 1 :‬تا ‪( )18‬ادب نبوی و معا شرتی احکام)‬
‫(‪( )vi‬سورۃاالنعام ‪ :‬آیات ‪ 151 :‬تا ‪)153‬۔(حقوق العباد)۔‬
‫(‪( )vi‬سورۃالفرقان‪ :‬آیات‪ 63 :‬تا ‪) 77‬۔(آداب معا شرت)۔‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫االحادیث النبویۃ‬ ‫مطالعہ حدیث کی ضرورت و اہمیت‬
‫اقسام حدیث اور وحی الہی‬
‫حدیث کی امہات الکتب کا مختصر تعارف‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫درج ذیل احا دیث نبویہ کا لغوی و با محا ورہ ترجمہ اورتشر یح‬
‫سلَّم‬‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی اّٰللہ ُ َ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْول ہ‬ ‫س ِم ْعتُ َ َر ُ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْنہُ قَا َل َ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ب َر ِ‬ ‫طا ِ‬ ‫ع َم َر بْن ْال َخ َّ‬ ‫‪1‬۔ َع ْن ُ‬
‫ٰ‬
‫َت ھِجْ َرتُہ‪ ،‬اِلی ہ‬
‫اّٰللِ‬ ‫َوی ‪ ،‬فَ َم ْن کَا ن ْ‬ ‫یقُ ْو لُ‪ :‬اِ َّن َما اال ْع َما ُل ِبا ِلنیاتِ‪َ ،‬و ِانَّ َما ِِال ْم ِریءٍ َمان ٰ‬
‫یص ْیبُ َھا ‪ ،‬ا ِوَ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َت ھِجْ َرتہ‪ ،‬اِلی دُ نیا ِ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫س ْو ِل ٖہ ٖٖ۔ َو َم ْن کَا ن ْ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َو َر ُ‬ ‫س ْو ِل ٖہ فَ ِھجْ َرتہ‪ ،‬ا ِٰلی ہ‬ ‫َو َر ُ‬
‫ِلی َما ھَا َج َر اِلَ ْی ِہ (صحیح بخاری ‪)1:‬‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ہ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫جْ‬ ‫ھ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ج‬
‫ُ‬ ‫و‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َزَ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫أۃ‬ ‫ا ْم َر‬
‫سلَّ َم قَالَ‪َ :‬خی ُْر ُک ْم‬ ‫و‬
‫ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ َ‬‫ی‬ ‫ب‬‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ض‬
‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫‪2‬۔ َ ُ َ انَ ِ َ‬
‫ْن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ث‬‫ع‬ ‫ن‬‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬
‫َم ْن تَعَلَّ َم ْالقُ ْرآنَ َو َعل َمہ‪ (،‬صحیح بخاری ‪ ،‬حدیث نمبر‪)502٧‬‬ ‫َّ‬
‫سلَّ َم‪ :‬ت ََر‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْن ُہ قَا َل ‪ :‬قَال َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫بن اَن ٍَس َر ِ‬ ‫‪3‬۔ َعن ما ِلک ِ‬
‫س ْو ِلہ (رواہ مالک فی‬ ‫سنَّ ُۃ َر ُ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َو ُ‬ ‫س ْکتُم بِ ِھ َما ِکت َا بُ ہ‬ ‫َضل ْوا َما ت َ َم َّ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْکتُ فِ ْی ُک ْم ا َ ْم َری ِْن ل ْن ت ِ‬
‫سال)‬ ‫مر‬ ‫المؤطا‬
‫سلم بُنِی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اّٰللُ َعل ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫ص لی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اّٰللُ َعن ُہ َما قا َل ‪ :‬قا َل َر ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ع َم َر َر ِ‬ ‫ِاّٰللِ ب ِْن ُ‬ ‫‪4‬۔ َع ْن َع ْبد ہ‬
‫ص ٰلوۃِ‬ ‫س ْولُہ' َو اِقَا ِم ال َّ‬ ‫ُہ'و َر ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫َّ‬ ‫ح‬‫َ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ِال‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ا‬‫َّل‬‫َّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ۃ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ھ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ش‬
‫َ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫م‬
‫ْ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫اال س َْال ُم َع ٰل‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ضانَ (صحیح مسلم ‪)113:‬‬ ‫ص ْو ِم َر َم َ‬ ‫ت َو َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َواِ ْیت َِآء الزکوۃِ َو َحجِ البَ ْی ِ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫علَ ِی‬‫اّٰللُ َ‬‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ِل ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْن ُہ قَا َل بَ ْینَ َما نَحْ نُ ِع ْند َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ب َر ِ‬ ‫طا ِ‬ ‫بن ْال َخ َّ‬ ‫ع َم َر ِ‬ ‫‪5‬۔ َعن ُ‬
‫الیری‬‫س َوا ِد الش ْع ِر َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ش ِد ْید َ‬ ‫ب َ‬ ‫ض الثیا ِ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ش ِد ْید بیا ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫عل ْینَا َر ُجلُ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫سلَّ َم ذَاتَ ْیو ٍم اِذ طل َع َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫سل َم فَا َ ْسنَدَ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫ص لی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫س اِلَی النَّبِ ِی َ‬ ‫سفَ ِر َو َما ی ْع ِرفُہ‪ِ ،‬منَّا ا َ َحد َحتہی َجلَ َ‬ ‫َعلَ ْی ِہ اَث َ ُر ال َّ‬
‫االس َْال ِم؟‬ ‫لی فَ ِخذی ِہ َوقَا لَ‪ :‬یا ُم َح َّمد ُ ا َ ْخ ِب ْر ِن ْی َع ِن ْ ِ‬ ‫ض َع َکفَّ ْی ِہ َع ٰ‬ ‫ُر ْک َبتَ ْی ِہ ا ِٰلی ُر ْک َبت َ ْی ِہ َو َو َ‬
‫اّٰللُ َوا َ َّن ُم َح َّمداً‬ ‫سلَّ َم‪ :‬ا ِالس َْال ُم ا َ ْن ت َ ْش َھدَ ا َ ْن َال ا ِٰل َہ ا َِّال ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫فَقَا َل َر ُ‬
‫ضانَ َوتَ ُح َّج‬ ‫کوۃ َ َوت َ ُ‬ ‫ی َّ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫سل َم َوت ُ ِقی َْم ال َّ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ص لی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬
‫ص ْو َم َر َم َ‬ ‫الز ٰ‬ ‫صلوۃ َ َوت َؤ تِ َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعل ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫َّر ُ‬
‫ص ِد قُہ‪، ،‬قَا لَ‪:‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ی‬‫و‬ ‫ہ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ْ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ہ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ِجْ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫تَ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ق‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬
‫ِ َِ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْتَ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ط‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫ْ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِن‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْتَ‬ ‫ْال َبی‬
‫االخ ِر َوتؤُ‬ ‫س ِل ٖہ َوال ْیو ِم ِ‬‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫اال ْی َمان؟ قَا َل ا َ ْن تؤ ِمنَ بِا ہّٰللِ َو َملئِ َکتِ ٖہ َو ُکتبِہ َو ُر ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫فَاَخبِ ْرنِ ْی َع ِن ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ان؟ قَا َل ‪:‬ا َ ْن ت َ ْعبُدَ َہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ِحْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اال‬ ‫ن‬
‫ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ن‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‪:‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ق‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ص‬‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ٖ‪،‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ِمن ِب ْالقَد ِْر َخی ِْر ٖہ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ک‪،‬قا لَ‪:‬فاخبِ ْرنِ ْی َع ِن السَّا َعۃ ِ؟ قالَ‪َ :‬ما ال َمسْؤْ ُل‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫یرا َ‬ ‫ک ت ََراہُ فَا ِْن لَّ ْم تَکن ت ََراہُ ف ِانہُ َ‬
‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َکاَنَّ َ‬
‫اراتِ َھا ؟ قَالَ‪ :‬ا َ ْن ت َ ِلدَ االَ َم ُۃ َر َّبت َ َھا َو أَ ْن‬ ‫َع ْن َھا ِبأ َ ْعلَ َم ِمنَ السَّا ئِ ِل‪ ،‬قَا لَ‪:‬فَا َ ْخ ِب ْرنِ ْی َع ِن ا َ َم َ‬
‫طلَقَ ‪ ،‬فَلَ ِبثَ‬ ‫یان‪ ،‬قَالَ‪ :‬ث ُ َّم ا ْن َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫طا َولُ ْونَ فِ ْی البُن ِ‬ ‫اء یتَ َ‬ ‫ت ََری ْال ُحفَاۃ َ ْالعُ َراۃ َ ْالعَالَ َۃ ر َعا َء ال َّ‬
‫ش ِ‬
‫سولہ‪ ،‬اَ ْعلَ ُم‪ ،‬قَا َل فَ ِا نَّہ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ی َم ِن السَّا ئِل؟ قُلتُ ا َ ہّٰللُ َو َر ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ع َم ُر أَ تَد ِْر ْ‬ ‫َم ِلیا ً ث ُ َّم قا َل ِل ْی‪ :‬یا ُ‬
‫ِجب ِْر ْی ُل ات َا ُک ْم ی َع ِل ُم ُک ْم ِد ْینَک ْم (رواہ مسلم ‪)93 :‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫سلمَّ‬ ‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْن ُہ قَالَ‪ :‬قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫‪6‬۔ َع ْن شب ُْر َم َۃ اب ِْن َم ْعبَ ٍد َر ِ‬
‫س ْب َع ِس ِنیْنَ َو اِذَا َبلَ َغ َع ْش َر ِس ِنیْنَ فَاض ِْرب ُْوا َعلَ ْی َھا‬ ‫ص ٰلوۃ ا َ َ‬
‫غ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ِذا‬ ‫ص ِب ِیَٖٖ ِبال َّ‬ ‫ُم ُر ْوا ال َّ‬
‫سبْعِ ِسنِیْنَ َواض ِْرب ُْوا‬ ‫صلوۃَ اِبْنَ َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫یٖ ال َّ‬ ‫صبِ َّ‬ ‫ی َولَ ْفظہ' َعل ُم ْوا ال َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫خر َجہ اَب ُْودَ ُاودَ َو التِ ْرم ِذ ُّ‬ ‫اَ َ‬
‫بخاری‪،‬ترمذی‪)40٧:‬‬ ‫(صحیح‬ ‫َعشرۃ‬ ‫ابْنَ‬ ‫َعلَ ْی َھا‬
‫یرد ہ‬
‫اّٰللُ‬ ‫سلَّم َم ْن ِ‬ ‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْنہُ قَالَ‪ :‬قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ع ْن ُمعَا ِوی َۃ َر ِ‬ ‫‪٧‬۔ َ‬
‫الدی ِْن (رواہ البخاری ‪)3116:‬‬ ‫ِب ٖہ َخیْرا ً یفَ ِقھ ُہ فِی ِ‬
‫سلَک‬ ‫سلَّ َم َم ْن َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َع ْنہُ قَالَ‪ :‬قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫‪8‬۔ َع ْن اَب ْی ھ َُری َْرۃ َ َر ِ‬
‫ط ِر ْیقًا اِلَی ْال َجنَّ ِۃ َو َما اجْ ت َ َم َع قَ ْو ٌم فِ ْی بَیْت ِم ْن‬ ‫اّٰللُ ِب ٖہ َ‬ ‫س َّھ َل ہ‬ ‫س فِ ْی ِہ ِع ْل َ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬
‫ً‬ ‫ط ِریْقا ً ْیلت َِم ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الرحْ َم ُۃ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫س ِک ْینَ ُۃ َو َغ ِشیَت ُھ ُم َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫س ْونَ بَ ْی َن ُھ ْم اِال نَزَ لت َعل ْی ِھم ال َّ‬‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ار ُ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َویَتَدَ َ‬ ‫َاب ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ یَت ٰۤلونَ ِکت َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ت ہ‬ ‫بُی ُْو ِ‬
‫سبُہ(رواہ‬ ‫ع ِب ٖہ نَ َ‬ ‫طا ِب ٖہ َع َملُہ' لَم یُس ِْر ْ‬ ‫اّٰللُ فِ ْی َم ْن ِع ْندَہ َو َم ْن بَ َّ‬ ‫و َحفَّتْ ُھم ْال َم ٰلئِ َک ُۃ َوذَک ََر ُھ ُم ہ‬
‫مسلم)‬
‫سلَّم َیقُ ْو ُل اَللہ ُھ َّم‬ ‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَا َل کَانَ َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫ْر‬
‫َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ُر‬
‫َ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪9‬۔ َع ْن ْ‬‫ا‬
‫ش ُع‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ک ِمنَ االَ ْربَع ِم ْن ِعل ٍم َّال یَ ْنفَ ُع َو ِم ْن د ُ َعاءٍ ال یُ ْس َم ُع َو ِم ْن قَلب َالیَ ْخ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اِنِ ْی اَع ُْوذُبِ َ‬
‫َو ِمن نَ ْف ٍس َالت َ ْشبَع ۔ (رواہ مسلم و احمد ‪،‬سنن ابن ما جہ ‪)250:‬‬
‫َ‪:‬ال ت َُز ْو َل قَدَ َما‬ ‫سلَّ َم قَال َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَیْہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ َع ِن النَّبِ ِی َ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫‪10‬۔ َع ِن اب ِْن َم ْسعُ ْو ٍد َر ِ‬
‫ُمر ٖہ فِ ْی َما اَفنَاہُ َو َع ْن‬ ‫ع ْن ع ِ‬ ‫بن ٰادَ َم یَ ْو َم ْال ِق ٰی َم ِۃ ِم ْن ِع ْن ِد َربِ ٖہ َحتہی یُ ْسئ َا ُل َع ْن َخ ْم ٍس‪َ :‬‬ ‫اْ ِ‬
‫سبَہ َو فِ ْی َمآ ا َ ْنفَقَہ َو َماذَا َع ِم َل فِ ْی َما َع ِلم۔(جامع‬ ‫شبَابِہ فِی َما أ َبْال ہُ َو َع ْن َما ِلہ ِم ْن اَیْنَ اِ ْکت َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الترمذی‪) 2416:‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫طلبُ کَس ِ‬ ‫سلَّ َم َ‬ ‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَالَ‪ :‬قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ِاّٰللِ َر ِ‬ ‫‪11‬۔ َعن ْ َع ْبد ہ‬
‫ض ِۃ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ِ َ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْال َح َال‬
‫بیہقی)‬ ‫االیمان‬ ‫(شعب‬
‫سلَّ َم قَا َل اَلتَّا ِج ُر‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ہ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬
‫َ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ی‬‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ٍ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬
‫ِ‬ ‫س‬
‫‪12‬۔ َ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ی‬ ‫ب‬‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬
‫لص ِد ْی ِقیْنَ َوالش َھدَاء (جامع تر مذی‪) 1209:‬‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫صد ُْو ُق ْاالَ ِم ْینُ َم َع النبِیِیْنَ َو ِ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ال َّ‬
‫سلَّم قَالَ‪ :‬أ تَد ُْر ْونَ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫س‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ر‬
‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ی‬
‫َ‬ ‫ض‬‫ِ‬ ‫ۃر‬
‫ِ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫۔‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫س ِمن ا َّمتِ ْی َمن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ع فقالَ‪:‬اِن ال ُمف ِل َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫س؟ قال ْوا ال ُمف ِلس فِیْنا َمن الد ِْرھَم َلہ' َوال َمت َا َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َما ال ُمف ِل ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ف ٰھذَا َوا َ َک َل َمال ٰھذَا‬ ‫شت ََم ٰھذَا َوقَذَ َ‬ ‫صیَ ٍام َوزَ ٰکاۃٍ َو یَأْتِ ْی قَدْ َ‬ ‫صالۃٍ َو ِ‬ ‫یَّأْتِ ْی َی ْو َم ْال ِق ٰی َم ِۃ ِب َ‬
‫سنَاتُہ' قَ ْب َل اَ ْن یُّقـضٰ ی‬ ‫ت َح َ‬ ‫سنَاتِ ٖہ فَا ِْن فُنِیَ ْ‬ ‫ب ٰھذَا فَیُ ْع ٰطی ٰھذَا ِم ْن َح َ‬ ‫ض َر َ‬ ‫ک دَ َم ٰھذَا َو َ‬ ‫سفَ َ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫ار۔(رواہ مسلم‪ ،‬کتاب‬ ‫طایَاھُم فَط ِر َحت َعلَ ْی ِہ ث َّم ط ِر َح فِی النَّ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َما َعلَ ْی ِہ ا ُ ِخذَ ِم ْن َخ َ‬
‫البر‪)65٧9:‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ش ْیء اَثقَ َل‬ ‫سل َم قَا َل ‪َ :‬ما َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫عل ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫یَ َ‬ ‫ی اّٰللہ ُ َع ْنہُ ا َ َّن النَّبِ َّ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫آء َر ِ‬ ‫بی الد َّْردَ ِ‬ ‫‪14‬۔ َع ْن ا َ ِ‬
‫ی‬ ‫َ َ َّ‬‫ذ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اح‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫غ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ی‬
‫َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ِن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َ َ ٍ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ق‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ل‬ ‫خ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫م‬
‫َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ق‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫م‬
‫ان ا ُ ِ َ ْ َ‬
‫و‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ؤْ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ل‬ ‫فِی ِْمیْزَ ِ‬
‫(ترمذی‪)2002:‬‬
‫سلَّ َم قَالَ‪:‬ا َ ْربَع َم ْن‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ہ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ہ‬
‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬
‫ِ َّ َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ہ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰللہ‬ ‫ی‬
‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َّاس‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫‪15‬۔ َع ِن اب ِْن َع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬
‫سا نا ذا ِک ًرا َّو بَدنا َعلی البَلء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ی َخی َْر الدُّنیا َواال ِخ َرۃِ قلبًا شَا ِک ًرا َّو ِل َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْط َ‬ ‫ْطیَ ُھ َّن فَقَدْ أُع ِ‬ ‫اُع ِ‬
‫صا ِب ًرا َّوزَ ْو َج ًۃ ال ت َ ْب ِغ ْی ِہ ُح ْوبًا ِف ْی نَ ْف ِس َھا َو َما ِل ٖہ (سنن نسا ئی‪ ،‬کنز العمال ‪43409:‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫)‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫سلَّم ‪ :‬اِجْ تَ ِنب ُْوا‬ ‫ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اّٰللہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َ‪:‬ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ہ‬
‫َ ِ ْ َ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اّٰلل‬‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫یر‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫۔‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫کُٖ بِا ہّٰللِ َوالسِحْ ُر َوقَتْ ُل النَّ ْف ِس‬ ‫اّٰللِ َو َما ھ َُّن قَالَ‪:‬اَلش ِْر ُ‬ ‫س ْو َل ہ‬ ‫س ْب َع ال ُم ْوبِقَاتِ‪،‬قَالُوا یا َر ُ‬ ‫ال َّ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫حْ‬ ‫الز‬‫َّ‬ ‫م‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫یو‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ِ َ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ْم‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ت‬
‫ِ‬ ‫الی‬ ‫ل‬
‫َ ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ک‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بو‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫الر‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰللہ‬ ‫الَّتِ ْ َ َّ َ‬
‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ی‬
‫علیہ)‬ ‫(متفق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫الغَافِالَ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ؤمنَا ِ‬ ‫ال ُم ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫صنَا ِ‬ ‫ْال ُمحْ َ‬
‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو َل ہ‬ ‫س ِم ْعتُ َر ُ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْن ُہ قَا َل َ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫س ِع ْی ٍد ْال ُخد ِْری َر ِ‬ ‫ع ْن ا َ ِب ْی َ‬ ‫‪1٧‬۔ َ‬
‫سانِ ٖہ فا ِْن ل ْم یَ ْست َِط ْع‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫سلَّم یَق ْو ُل َم ْن َّرای ِمنک ْم ُمنک ًَرا فلیُغَیِ ْرہُ بِیَد ِٖہ ف ِا ْن ل ْم یَ ْست َِطع فبِ ِل َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫)‬ ‫مسلم‪1٧٧:‬‬ ‫(رواہ‬ ‫ان‬‫َ ِ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ی‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اال‬‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ک‬
‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ہ‬‫ٖ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬
‫فَ ِبقَ ِ‬
‫ل‬
‫سلم یُ َجآ ُء‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعل ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ص لی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْول ہ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعنہُ قالَ‪:‬قا َل َر ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫سام َۃ ب ِْن زَ ْی ٍد َر ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪18‬۔ َعن ا َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫طحْ ِن ْال ِح َما ِر‬ ‫ط َحنُ فِ ْی َھا َک َ‬ ‫ار فَیَ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ی‬‫ْ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُہ'‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ق‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬
‫لق‬ ‫َ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫م‬
‫ِب َر ُج ٍل ٍٖ یَ ْ َ‬
‫و‬
‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬
‫َ تَ ُ ُ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ک‬ ‫ْس‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ک‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫َ‬ ‫الن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ی‬
‫ِ َ ْ ِ َ ْ ْ نَ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ار‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ھ‬‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َم‬ ‫ِب َر َحاہُ فَ َیجْ ت ِ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َوت َ ْنھٰ نَا َع ِن ال ُم ْنک َِر؟قَا َل ُک ْنتُ ا ُم ُر ُک ْم بِال َم ْع ُر ْوف َوالَ ا تِ ْی ِہ َواَنَ َھا ُک ْم َعنِال ُم ْنک َِر َوا تِی ْہ ِٖ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‬ ‫(بخاری‪326٧:‬‬
‫ی نَف ِس ْی بِیَد ِٖہ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫سلم ََوال ِذ ْ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعل ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ص لی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫‪19‬۔ َع ْن اَن ٍَس َر ِ‬
‫ال ِخی ْٖہ َما ی ُِحبُّ ِل َن ْفس ِٖہ۔(رواہ مسلم‪)1٧0:‬‬ ‫َالیُؤْ ِمن َع ْبد ٌ َحتہی ی ُِحبَّ ِ َ‬
‫سلَّ َم‬
‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل ِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَا َل قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ان ب ِْن بَ ِشی ٍْر َر ِ‬ ‫‪َ 20‬۔و َع ِن النُّ ْع َم ِ‬
‫عض ٌْو تَدَا َعی‬ ‫س ِد اِذَا ا ْشت َٰکی ُ‬ ‫ج‬
‫ِْ َ َ ْ َ َ ِْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫َ‬
‫ک‬ ‫م‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت ََری ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِیْنَ فِ ْ‬
‫ی‬
‫س َھ ِر َوال ُح ہمی (متفق علیہ‪ ،‬بخاری ‪)6011 :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫س ِد بِال َّ‬ ‫سآئِ ُر ْال َج َ‬ ‫لَہ' َ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫سلَّ َم اَالَ‬ ‫علَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫اّٰلل َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْن ُہما قَا َل قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫ع َم َر َر ِ‬ ‫ِاّٰلل اب ِْن ُ‬ ‫‪21‬۔ َع ْن َع ْبد ہ‬
‫ی َعلی الناس َِراعٍ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫اال َما ُم االعظم ال ِذ ْ‬ ‫ُکلُّ ُک ْم َراعٍ َّوکلک ْم َم ْسئ ْو ٌل َعن َّر ِعیتِ ٖہَٖ ف ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫الر ُج ُل َرا ٍع َع ٰٰۤلی اَ ْھ ِل بَ ْیتِ ٖہ َوھ َُو َم ْسئ ُ ْو ٌل َع ْن َّر ِعیَّتِ ٖہ َوال َم ْراَۃ ُ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َوھ ُُو َم ْسئ ُ ْول َع ْن َّر ِعیَّتِ ٖہ َو َّ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫ِی َم ْسئول ٌۃ َعن ُھ ْم و َع ْبدُ َّ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َراِ َعی ٌۃ َع ٰلی بَ ْی ِ‬
‫سیِد ِٖہ‬ ‫الر ُج ِل َراعٍ َعلی َما ِل َ‬ ‫ت زَ ْو ِج َھا َو َولد ِٖہ َوھ َ‬
‫َوَٖ ھ َُو َم ْسئ ُ ْولٌ َع ْنہُ اَالَ فَ ُکل ُک ْم َراعٍ َو ُکل ُک ْم َم ْسئ ُ ْو ٌل َع ْن َر ِعیَّتِ ٖہ (بخاری‪ ٧138:‬و‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ُّ‬
‫ترمذی‪)1٧05:‬‬
‫سل َم‪َ :‬مثَ ِل ْی‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلی ہ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫اّٰلل ِ َ‬ ‫س ْو ُل ہ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَالَ‪ ،‬قَا َل َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫‪22‬۔ َع ْن اَبِ ْی ھ َُری َْر ۃ َ َر ِ‬
‫ظا ُر‬ ‫ف ِبہالنَّ َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬
‫ط‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ۃ‬ ‫ن‬
‫َ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ُ ِ َ ِ ُ َْ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬‫َ‬ ‫حْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ص‬ ‫یاء َک َمث َ ِل قَ َ‬ ‫َو َمثَل ْاالَ ْن ِب ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ض َع ال ِل ْبنَ َۃ‪،‬‬ ‫سدَدْتُ َم ْو َ‬ ‫ک اللبِنَ ِۃ‪ ،‬فَ ُک ْنت اَنَا َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ضعٍ تِل َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫یتَعَ َّجب ُْونَ ِم ْن ُحس ِْن بَنَا ئِ ٖہ ا ِِٖال َم ْو َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫س ُل َو فِ ْی ِر َوایۃٍ‪ :‬فَاَنَا اللَّ ِبنَ ُۃ َواَنَا َخا تَ ُم النَّ ِب ِی ِینَ ۔ (رواہ‬ ‫الر ُ‬ ‫ی الُبُ ْنیانَ َو ُختِ َم ِبی ُّ‬ ‫ُختِ َم ِل َ‬
‫‪)3535:‬‬ ‫البخاری‬
‫سلَّ َم قَالَ‪ :‬ا َ ْر َح ُم ا ُ َّمتِ ْی ِبا ُ َّمتِ ْیاَب ُْو‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫ُ ِ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ع‬‫َ‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َس‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪23‬۔ َعن‬
‫ض َھ ْم زَ ْیدُ ْبنُ ثاَ‬ ‫ع ِلی َو اف َر ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ضاھ ْم َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ئ َعث َم ‪َ ،‬وأق َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫انُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫صدَ ق ُھ ْم َحیا ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ع َم ُر َو ا ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫شدُّ ھ ْم ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫بَ ْک ٍر َو ا َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ب َو ِل ُک ِل أ َّم ٍۃ أ ِمیْن َو أ ِم ْینُ ٰھذ ِٖہ ْاالُ َّمۃ ِأب ُْو ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِبتٍ‪َ ،‬و أ َ ْق َر ُء ُھ ْم أبَ ُّ‬
‫عبَ ْیدَۃ َ ْبنُ ال َج َّراحِ‬ ‫ی ْبنُ َک ْع ٍ‬
‫۔(رواہ احمد والتر مذی ‪ ،‬مشکوۃ المصا بیح ‪ ،‬باب منا قب العشرۃ)‬
‫سلَّم َعلَی‬ ‫صلَّی اّٰللہ ُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫س ْول ا ہّٰللِ َ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَالَ‪َ :‬رأ َیت َر ُ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫کرۃ َ َر ِ‬ ‫‪24‬۔َ َع ْن أَبِ ْی بَ َ‬
‫اس َم َّرۃ ً َو َعلَ ْی ِہ أ ُ ْخ ٰری َویقُ ْولُ‪:‬‬ ‫سنُ ْبنُ َع ِل ٍی ا ِٰلی َج ْن َب ْی ِہ َوھ َُو ی ْق ِب ُل َع ٰلی النَّ ِ‬ ‫ْال ِم ْن َب ِر َو ْال َح َ‬
‫ص ِل َح بِ ٖہ بَیْنَ فِئتَی ِْن َع ِظ ْی َمت َی ِْن ِمنَ‬ ‫أن ی ْ‬ ‫اّٰلل ْ‬ ‫سیِد َو لعَ َّل ہ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا َِّن ا ْبنِ ْی ٰھذا َ‬
‫ْال ُم ْس ِل ِمیْنَ (بخاری‪)2٧04:‬‬
‫سلَّ َم‬‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫س ْو ُل اللہ ِہ َ‬ ‫َ‪:‬ر ُ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َع ْنہُ قَال قَال َ‬ ‫ی ہ‬ ‫ض َ‬ ‫صی ِْن َر ِ‬ ‫‪َ 25‬۔و َعن ِع ْم َرانَ بْن ُح َ‬
‫‪َ :‬خی ُْر أ ُ َّمتِ ْی قَ ْرنِ ْی ث ُ َّم الَّ ِذیْنَ یلُ ْونَ ُھ ْم‪،‬ث ُ َّم الَّ ِذیْنَ یلُ ْونَ ُھم۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔(متفق علیہ‬
‫بخاری‪)3650:‬‬
‫ی‬ ‫سلَّ َم ف ِْ‬ ‫اّٰللُ َعلَ ْی ِہ َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی ہ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ْ‬ ‫س‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬
‫َ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫َ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‪:‬‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ہ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬
‫َ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اّٰلل‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫د‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْن‬ ‫‪26‬۔ َع ْن َجا ِب ِرب ِ‬
‫‪،‬واِن أبَاک ْم َوا ِحد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫احد َ‬ ‫اس‪:‬اِن َر َّبک ْم َو ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ِیام الت َ ْش ِریْق ِخطبَ َۃ ال َودَاعِ فقالَ‪ :‬یای َھا الن ُ‬
‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْط أ ِ‬ ‫َوس ِ‬
‫ض َل ِلعَ َر ِبی َع ٰلی َع َج ِمی َو َال ِلعَ َج ِمی َع ٰلی َع َر ِبی‪َ ،‬و َال ِِل حْ َم َر َعلی أس َْودَ َولال‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َأالال فَ ْ‬
‫اّٰللِ ٰأَتْ ٰق ُک ْم‪ ،‬أ َ َال ھ َْل َبلَّ ْغتُ ؟ قَا لُ ْوا َب ٰلی یا‬ ‫ِالَس َْودَ َع ٰلی أَحْ َم َر ا َِّال ِبالت َّ ْقوی۔ا َِّن ا َ ْک َر َم ُک ْم ِع ْندَ ہ‬
‫شا ِھد ُ ْالغَا ِئب۔( البیھقی‪ ،‬شعب‬
‫شا ِھد ُ ْالغَا ِئب َف ْلی َب ِل ُغ ال َّ‬
‫س ْو َل ا ہّٰللِ‪ ،‬قَالَ‪ :‬فَ ْلی َب ِل ُغ ال َّ‬
‫َر ُ‬
‫االیمان‪ ،‬باب فی حفظ اللسان‪ ،‬فصل فی حفظ اللسان عن الفخر با ِلباء)‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫مطالعہ سیر ت کی ضرو رت و اہمیت ۔‬
‫تعارف‬ ‫کا‬ ‫سیرت‬ ‫کتب‬ ‫اردو‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫نبی کر یم صلی ہللا علیہ وسلم کی حکمت انقالب۔ ہجرت‪ ،‬میثاق مدینہ‪ ،‬صلح سیر ت النبی صلی ہللا‬
‫حدیبیہ‪ ،‬خطبہ حجۃ الوداع علیہ وسلم‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫تزکیہ نفس اور تعمیر سیرت و شخصیت کانبو ی منہاج اور عملی نمو نے۔‬
‫صحابہ کرام ‪ ،‬امہات المومنین‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫تشکیل اجتماعیت و معاشرت اور اسو ہ حسنہ ۔‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫(الف) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے خصا ئص۔‬

‫توحید‪،‬روحا نیت‪ ،‬تصور مسؤلیت‪ ،‬انسانی عظمت و مساوات اور‬
‫عالمگیر اخوت۔‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اسالمی تہذیت وثقا فت‬ ‫(الف) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے خصا ئص۔‬
‫عدل اجتماعی‪ ،‬اخالقی اقدار ‪ ،‬انسا نی حقوق‪ ،‬روا داری‪ ،‬اعتدال و توازن‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫(ب) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے عا لمی اثرات‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫اسالم‪:‬‬ ‫اور‬ ‫فت‬ ‫ثقا‬ ‫و‬ ‫تہذیب‬ ‫مغربی‬ ‫(ج)‬

‫عالم‬ ‫امن‬ ‫اور‬ ‫اسالم‬
‫تہذیبوں کے تصادم کے نظریہ کا تنقیدی جا ئزہ‬
‫)‪02 Ethics (For Non-Muslim Students‬‬

‫‪Course Code ETH-302‬‬
‫‪Contents:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Definition and Scope of Ethics‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Relation of Ethics to Psychology, Metaphysics and Religion‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Review of major theories of the moral Standardization:‬‬
‫)‪i‬‬ ‫‪The Standard as Law‬‬
‫)‪ii‬‬ ‫‪The Standard as Happiness‬‬
‫)‪iii‬‬ ‫‪The Standard as Perfection‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Promotion of Moral Values‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Promotion of Moral Values in Society through Family‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Educational and Cultural Institutions‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Concept of Good and Evil, Freedom and Responsibility, & Theories of Punishment‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Ethical Teachings‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Ethical Teachings of World-Religions with special reference to Hinduism, Christianity,‬‬
‫‪Buddhism, Judaism and Islam‬‬
• Ethical Percepts from Quranic Sayings
• Ethical Percepts from Quranic Sayings of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) &
Islam's Attitude towards Minorities
Sr. No. Book Author

01 A Manual of Ethics J.S Mackenzio
02 Ethics for To-day HerolH.Titus!
03 Quranic Ethics B. A. Dar
04 Proceeding of Islamic Colloquium, Lahore 1957.

.
05 Islamic State
Abu-ul-AlaMadudi
03 Course Title: History of English literature-II 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course focuses on some of the major literary events from Romanticism to 20th century. The
spirit of the course should be taken as an extension of any of the previous courses suggested in the
literary history; like the one in Semester 1, but this time the historical topics are to be accessed a
bit differently. The students are to explore the history of postmodern literature from the perspective
of overlapping major literary trends and traditions of the time.
Objectives:
➢ To explore the impact of Romantic and Victorian age on Literature
➢ To examine some of the divergent offshoots of Realism like Naturalism, Symbolism,
Existentialism, Absurdism, Surrealism, and many others
➢ To study the effects of world wars
➢ To comprehend the diversity in the literature and textuality of the Postmodern era
Contents:
• Romantic Age
• Victorian Age
• Modern Age
• Postmodern Age (with an exclusive focus on literary movements)
• Realism
• Naturalism
• Modernism
• Symbolism Existentialism/ Absurdism
• Surrealism
• Postmodernism
Sr. No. Books Authors
01 A History of English Literature, US, Harvard T.A. Fowler

University Press, 1987
02 Cambridge History of English Literature (A John Richetti

Dotcom history) UK, Cambridge University,
Press, 2006
03 USA Blackwell Publishing, A History of Old Robert Fulk & M. Christopher

English Literature
04 Contemporary English literature, New York Adwin Bolles & Mark

Appleton Century Crofts. In, 1953 Longaker
05 English Literature from Norman Conquest to William Hussy Schofield

Chaucer. New York, Mac Millan Company
1931
06 The Cambridge History English and A.R. Waller & W. A. Ward

American Literature Cambridge. Cambridge
University, Press, 1907
07 A Short History of English Literature. Iffor Evans

England Penguin Books, 1976
08 Who’s Who of 20th Century. Novelists, New Tim Woods

York, Rutledge, 2001
04 Course Title: Classical Poetry (II) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course Classical Poetry-II introduces the development of poetry in the Augustan Era. The
course comprises John Milton and Alexander Pope. These representative poets highlight various
approaches, i-e epic tradition, satire and use of heroic couplet as were prevailing in that time’s
literary tradition.
Objectives:
➢ To analyze the elements of poetry and give critical appreciation
➢ To understand poetry from different cultural and historical periods
➢ To sensitise students about selected poetic genres
➢ To develop a sense of social and political textual relevance
Contents:
• John Milton: The Paradise Lost Book 1 and 9
• Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock
Sr. No. Books Author
01 The Living Milton. Routledge & Kegan F. Kermode

Paul
02 Milton. MacMillan Quennell, P. 1968 A.Rudrum

Alexander Pope. Weildfeld & Nicolson
03 On the Poetry of Pope. Oxford: Clarendon G. Tillotson

Press, 1950
04 The Anatomy of Poetry. London: M. Boulton

Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977.
05 An Introduction to Poetry. 8 th Ed. New X. Kennedy & D. Gjoia

York: Harper Collins College Publishers,
1994.
06 Alexander Pope. Routledge & Kegan Paul G. Fraser
07 Heroic Poetry. MacMillan C.M. Bowra

05 Course Title: Greek Literature 3(3-0)
Introduction:
The purpose of this course is to introduce graduate students to a selection of the major genres in
Greek literature from Homeric Epic to the ancient Greek Tragedy. The students go through major
works of the ancient Greek literature and explore many facets of ancient Greek civilization to
comprehend the literary and historical specificities of that era.
Objectives:
➢ To familiarize with the cultural, religious, and literary background of the Greek Literature
➢ To examine the literary contribution of the Greeks to the World literature through a focus
on the thematic concerns and formal features of the selected works
➢ To foreground the reception of Greek literature from Roman antiquity through Renaissance
art and beyond
Contents:
• Mythology
i) Homeric Hymns (Hymn to Aphrodite, Hymn to Apollo)
• Epic
ii) Iliad Book 1
• Tragedy
iii) Aeschylus: Agamemnon
iv) Sophocles: Oedipus Rex
Recommend Readings:
Sr. No Books Author

01 A Companion to Greek Tragedy. Gregory Justina
Blackwell.2005
02 Greek Tragedy. London: New H. D. Kitto
York: Routledge.2002
03 Greek and Roman Comedy: B. O. Shawn
Translations and Interpretations of
Four Representative Plays.
University of Texas Press.2002.
04 A Guide to Ancient Greek Drama Arllene Allan and Ian C. Storey
05 The Greek Myths Robert Graves
06 Course Title: Introduction to Philosophy 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course is being introduced in order to familiarize students with the fundamental debates and
theories of philosophy which have directly or indirectly influenced the reading and writing of
literature. The increasing trend in literary studies and criticism towards theorization and
approximation of literary texts in the backdrop of lager historical, political, social and cultural
developments has accentuated the need to investigate the interlink between philosophy and
literature.
Objectives:
➢ To give the undergraduate students a broad-based and comprehensive understanding of
philosophy
➢ To orient them with the basic terms and tenets of philosophy
➢ To introduce them with the essential features of philosophic thought, inquiry and discipline
to give a brief appraisal of major philosophers in western philosophical history
Contents:
• Idealism
• Existentialism
• Empiricism
• Rationalism
• Logical Positivism
• Post-positivism
• Pragmatism
Philosophers
1. Descartes
2. Hegel
3. Rousseau
4. Nietzsche
5. Marx
Recommended Readings
Sr. Books Author

No.
01 Elements of Philosophy, for intermediate Dr. Abdul Khaliq
Students
02 The Great Philosophers Stephen Law
03 The Story of Philosophy Wil Durant
04 A Book og Isms John Andrews, The Economist,

2010
05 Existentialism: A Guide for the Steve Earnshaw, Bloomsbury

Perplexed
Semester 3
01 Course Title: English-III (Writing Skills) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course introduces the students to the basics of academic and technical writing. It enables
them to write effectively for academic purposes. It contains clear instruction and a wide range
of activities which help them plan, structure and write essays, letters, dialogues, assignments
and reports. Furthermore, it also teaches them to write descriptive, narrative, technical and
argumentative texts with and without stimulus input.
Objectives:
➢ To identify strengths and weakness of writing structures
➢ To utilize library resources for information and research
➢ To apply critical thinking skills to analyze, interpret, and evaluate course content and
information
➢ To understand what writing assignments/letters/essays involves
➢ To understand the functions of essays and reports
➢ To demonstrate writing skills efficiently
Course Outline:
• Significance of Writing
• Writing Steps
i) Pre- writing
ii) Drafting
iii) Editing
iv) Publishing
• 7 Cs in writing
• Application Writing/ Office Letter
• Essential & Non-essential elements of a letter
• Body of letter (Direct and indirect approach of composing a message)
• Its Formats
• Punctuation Rules
• Job Application Writing/Cover letter, CV and Resume Writing
• Essay writing
• Report writing (Reading various samples & understanding its steps)
Recommend Readings:
Sr. Books Author

No
01 Reading Critical Writing Well: A Reader C.R. Cooper & B.R. Axwlord
and Guide
02 Academic Writing Stephan Bailey
03 Critical Reading and Writing: An A. Goatly
Introductory Critical, London: Taylor &
Francis
04 Writing for Advanced Learners of F. Grellet
English. CUP
05 Academic Writing Course. CUP R.R. Jordan
02 Course Title: Computing 3(3-0)

Course code: CSI-321
Introduction:
Information technology literacy has become a fundamental requirement for any major. An
understanding of the principles underlying digital devices, computer hardware, software,
telecommunications, networking and multimedia is an integral part of any IT curriculum. This
course provides a sound foundation on the basic theoretical and practical principles behind
these technologies and discusses up-to-date points surrounding them including social aspects
and how they impact everyday life.
Objectives
• To understand the fundamentals of information technology
• To learn core concepts of computing and modern systems
• To understand modern software programs and packages
• To learn upcoming IT technologies
Course Contents
• Basic Definitions & Concepts
• Hardware
• Computer Systems &Components.
• Storage Devices,
• Number Systems,
• Software: Operating Systems,
• Programming and Application Software,
• Introduction to Programming,
• Databases and Information Systems,
• Networks,
• Data Communication,
• The Internet,
• Browsers and Search Engines,
• The Internet: Email,
• Collaborative Computing and Social Networking,
• The Internet: E-Commerce, IT Security and other issues, IT Project.
01 Understanding and Using the Internet, West M. J. Bruce
Publishing Company, 610 Opperman Drive,
P. 0. Box 64526, St. Paul, MN 55164
02 Computer Applications for Business, 2nd
Edition, DDC Publishing, 275 Madison
Avenue, New York
03 Microsoft Office Professional, Paradigm N.H. Rutkosky
Publishing Company, 875 Montreal Way,St
Paul, MN 55102
04 Introduction to Computers and Technology, Robert D. Shepherd
Paradigm Publishing Inc., 875 Montreal,
Way, St. Paul, MN 55102
05 Discovering Computers 98, International S.C. Waggoner
Thomson Publishing Company, One Main
Street, Cambridge, MA 02142.
06 Microcomputers, A Practical Approach to V.W. Klemin & Ken Harsha
Software Applications,McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York, NY 10016
03 Course Title: Introduction to General Linguistics 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course includes some key concepts of Linguistics. It focuses on the study of phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, etymology of English language, specifically, and
major theories about the origin and historical development of human language in general. It
provides the students a keen insight about the major concepts in Linguistics and paves the way
for understanding the later theoretical developments in literary and language theories.
Objectives:
➢ To understand and articulate general issues concerning nature & function of language.
These include the basic mechanisms common to all languages: domains of phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
➢ To compare and contrast languages in terms of systematic differences in phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
➢ To grasp the complexity of language as a communication system shaped by cognitive,

biological, cultural, and social factors.
➢ To demonstrate understanding of the concepts, theories, and methodologies used by
linguists in qualitative and quantitative analyses of linguistic structure, and patterns of
language use
Contents:
• What is language (e.g. design features nature and functions of language)?
• What is Linguistics (e.g. Langue and Parole, Competence and Performance
Diachronic/Synchronic; Paradigmatic/Syntagmatic relations)
• Elements of Language:
i) Phonetics
ii) Phonology (major concepts)
iii) Morphology
iv) Syntax
v) Semantics
vi) Pragmatics
• Scope of Linguistics: An introduction to Major Branches of Linguistics
• Schools of Linguistics (Historicism, Structuralism, Generativism, Functionalism)
• Stylistics
• Basic concepts of Socio linguistics (varieties of language e.g. dialect, register, pidgin,
creole etc.)
01 Linguistics. Teach Yourself Books. J. Aitchison
02 English Phonetics and Phonology, A P. Roach

Practical Course, second edition, CUP.
03 An Introduction to Linguistics. L. Todd

Moonbeam Publications
04 Linguistics: An Introduction to D.A. Akmajian. AK & Harnish

Language and Communication. (Fourth
edition). Massachusetts: MIT
05 The Encyclopedia of Language. D. Crystal

Cambridge: CUP.
06 A Linguistics Workbook. M. I. T Press A.K. Farmer
07 How to Study Linguistics: A Guide to G. Finch

Understanding Linguistics. Palgrave.
08 Pragmatics, Oxford University Press G. Yule
04 Course Title: Novel -I 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course comprising classical novels aims at understanding the basic structure/art/technique
of novel along with understanding of the thematic concerns synchronized with the socio-
political milieu of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England. Furthermore, it encompasses
the development of novel writing from its embryonic form to the Victorian novel. From Henry
Fielding’s panoramic view of life dispensing social realism to Jane Austen’s novel enshrining
two inches of ivory, this course provides an insight not only in understanding the thematic
concerns but also the development of the genre of novel in the English continent.
Objectives:
➢ Apprising students with the genre of novel; its lateral entrance into literary tradition
➢ To understand the basic structure of novel with special focus on plot, characterization,
setting and language by making students familiar with E.M. Forster’s Aspects of
Novel-introducing to the art of novel.
➢ To introduce Henry Fielding, his art, social realism and socio-political reality of his
times
➢ To evaluate and interpret Joseph Andrews by making marriage between stylistic and
thematic concerns
➢ To examine the art of Jane Austen and her dealings with realities of her age especially
marriage, love, family system and socio-political currents
Course Outline:
• Aspects of the Novel by EM Forster
• Henry Fielding: Joseph Andrews
• Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice
Recommend Readings:
01 The Rise of the Novel. London: Penguin Walter Allen
02 The English Novel. London: Penguin Walter Allen
03 Modern Critical Interpretation: Jane Austen H. Bloom
04 An introduction to the English novel. Volume 1 A.Kettle

& 2. 2nd edition. Hutchinson.
05 Course Title: Elizabethan and Restoration Drama 3(3-0)
Introduction:
During the reign of Elizabeth -1 in the 16th Century, drama as a genre developed tremendously.
Renaissance spirit found its best expression in drama. University wits and Shakespeare
describe the temper of renaissance age. Exploration, exploitation, orientalism, race and
antisemitism are some major themes of Elizabethan drama. Restoration age is famous for the
development of comedy.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce the major features of Elizabethan and Restoration drama
➢ To highlight the major theoretical debates that characterize drama in both Elizabethan
and Restoration drama
➢ To examine major playwrights of both ages
Contents:
• Marlowe:Dr. Faustus
• Ben Johnson: The Alchemist
• R.B. Sheridan: The Rivals
Sr. Books Authors

No.
01 Christopher Marlowe: A Renaissance K.B. Constance
Life Ithca. Corne
02 The Cambridge companion to C. Patrick
Christopher Marlowe. Cambridge:
CUP. 2004
03 English Drama 1586-1642: The Age of G. K. Hunter
Shakespeare
06 Course Title: Physical Geography 3(3-0)
Course code: GEO--302
Introduction:
The course introduces the students to the physical structure of the earth’s surface, including
landforms, weather, climate, and biogeography. Further it emphasizes understanding of what
makes each point on Earth unique and how humans interact with physical systems in multiple
ways.
Course Objectives:
➢ To explain the causes of seasons
➢ To discuss the formation of major landforms
➢ To identify the function, temperature profile and composition of the atmosphere
➢ To explore the hydrologic cycle, and the distribution and allocation of water resources
for humans
➢ To examine patterns and consequences of human environment interaction.
Contents:
• Introduction
• Definition, Scope and Major Branches
• Realms of the Physical Environment
• Lithosphere
i) Internal Structure of Earth
ii) Rocks–origin, Formation and Types: Igneous, Sedimentary
and Metamorphic Rocks
iii) Plate Tectonics, Mountain Building forces
iv) Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic and Exogenic
Processes and their Resultant Landforms
• Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity, Folding and Faulting
• Weathering, Mass-wasting, Cycle of Erosion, Erosion and Deposition
• Landforms produced by Running Water, Ground Water, Wind and Glaciers
• Atmosphere
v) Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
vi) Atmospheric Temperature and Pessure, Global Circulation
vii) Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
viii) Air Masses and Fronts
ix) Cyclones and other Disturbances
• Hydrosphere
x) Hydrological Cycle
xi) Ocean Composition, Temperature and Salinity of Ocean Water
• Movements of the Ocean Water; Waves, Currents and Tides
• Biosphere
• Eco-systems
• Formation and Types of Soils
Sr. Books Authors
No.
01 Physical Geography, Basil Blackwell, Oxford M. A. King
02 Fundamentals of Weather and climate, Prentice F.J. Mcliveen

Hall, New Jersey.
03 Principles of Physical Geography, Hodder &Stoughton, J. F. Monkhouse

London.
04 Physical Geography, Brooks Cole F.J. Peterson & D.

Sack
05 Introduction to Physical Geography, West Publishing Co, C.R. Scott

New York
06 Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley, New York T.E. Stringer
Semester 4
01 Course Title: Advanced Academic Reading and Writing 3(3-0)

Course code: ENG-402
Introduction:
In this course, students will develop the foundational reading and writing skills to think critically
and function effectively in academic programming. While acquiring composition skills at the
sentence, paragraph, and essay level, they will write using a variety of rhetorical modes. Plagiarism
will be discussed, and research skills, along with proper citation guidelines, will be taught.
Furthermore, students will engage with, and understand, textual and graphical information in
various formats, and learn how to assess reading content in terms of accuracy, authority, and
relevance. Finally, through independent novel study, students will progress from a personal
interaction with a story, to an interaction rooted in a beginning level of literary analysis. In addition
to the development of reading and writing skills, students will improve their listening and speaking
skills through structured group work and class discussion.
Objectives:
➢ To read academic texts critically
➢ To learn and practice technical writing mediums
➢ To mould previous learning of language into creative writing of literature
➢ To strengthen the reading and writing skills of the students
Course Content
• Reading Skills
i) Idea and Information in Reading
ii) Follow written instructions
iii) Use active reading strategies with long textbook chapters (e.g., surveying,
skimming, and sectioning)
iv) Recognize purpose and/or issue, organization, overall key idea, main ideas, and
key details in expository readings
v) Identify writer’s overall point of view, tone, bias, supporting argument and
evidence in opinion readings
• To determine meanings of unfamiliar words in course materials
vi) Use an English-English dictionary, thesaurus, index, glossary, Wikipedia
vii) Use word analysis (word families and affixes)
viii) Use context clues within sentences and in surrounding sentences (vocabulary in
context)
ix) Use library resources to locate materials
• Study skills
x) Place text material into visual form
xi) Interpret visuals such as graphs and tables
xii) Prepare for objective tests (T/F, multiple choice) and essay tests using a variety
of strategies
xiii) Learn content from text/class materials concerning economic, political, cultural,
and socially relevant topics
xiv) Recognize cultural differences and show awareness of the general features of
own culture and associated world views
• Writing Skills
i) Formal Writing
ii) Write reflectively about course readings
iii) Summarize ideas and information from readings
• Formal Summary Writing
vi) Take accurate notes from an assigned article
vii) Paraphrase accurately
viii) Write one-paragraph summaries of texts of one to two pages
• Essay Writing
ix) Prewriting
o Understand assignment instructions, including audience, purpose, and
format
o Generate ideas from readings on economic, political, cultural, and socially
relevant topics
o Select and narrow topics
o Create essay outlines, which include focused thesis statements, body
paragraphs with main ideas, and support
x) Writing
o Write well-structured introductions
o Develop unified, specific support in body paragraphs, reviewing paragraph
structure as necessary
o Incorporate source material, showing understanding of plagiarism by
paraphrasing, quoting, and citing appropriately
o Create coherence within and between paragraphs
o Write well-structured concluding paragraphs
xi) Revising
o Redraft and revise on own
o With peer and limited teacher feedback, re-draft and revise
o Edit and proofread
• Accuracy
xii) Self-monitoring for accuracy
o Use word processing editing aids (spelling, grammar check, thesaurus)
o Apply knowledge of parts of speech, sentence elements, specified sentence
types, and mechanics
o Identify and correct errors
xiii) For explicit instruction and evaluation
o Review all verb tenses, especially perfect tenses
o Identify and correct infinitive/gerund/base form errors
o Correctly use articles and other determiners
o Use a variety of complex structures and sentence patterns
o Use a range of academic vocabulary
xiv) Items to work on as need arises
o All accuracy items from 100 and 200 levels
o Word choice and word form errors (e.g. parallelism in thesis statements)
Sr. Books Author

No.
01 The Norton Field Guide to Writing Richard Bullock
02 The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing Rise Axelrod and Charles

Cooper
03 The Call to Write John Rambage
02 Course Title: Media Studies 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course focuses on today’s Pakistani society and culture in relation with a specific focus on
media as the most effective tool of constructing various narratives and ideologies within the
Pakistani society. It explores media’s socio-cultural and political role in our society and its ability
to set an intellectual agenda for the masses.
Objectives:
➢ To get familiar with the ideological role of media
➢ To understand the impact of media on our social and cultural strata
➢ To be able to question various forms of communication and culture in the contemporary
globalized world
Contents:
• Semiology
• Postmodernism: Simualtion, Simualcrum, Hyperreality
• Media and Globalization
• Media as Industry
• Media Power, Ideology and Market
• Representation and Language in Media
• Fiction to Film - Theory of Adaptation
Sr No Books Authors
01 Media and Cultural Theory: Routledge Morely & C.James
02 Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Douglas Kellner

Identity and Politics in Modernism and
Postmodernism: Routledge
03 Media and Culture Studies: Key Meenakashi Durham & Douglas

Works: Blackwell Publishers. Kellner
04 A Theory of Adaptation: Routledge Linda Hutcheon
03 Course Title: Literary Criticism 3(3-0)

Introduction:
Criticism is the other side of the literary coin. It has two aspects, one theoretical, the other practical.
The response to a work of art can be all encompassing as the ‘wah!’ of appreciation given at an
Urdu mushaira, to the most elaborate discussion of messages, teaching, styles, theories and
meaning.
Objectives:
➢ To understand the historical background to literary criticism, exploring its development in
the light of some contemporary viewpoints
➢ To focus much on the poetic and dramatic forms in order to highlight some significant
trends and concepts around “poetry”, “imagination” and “tradition”
➢ To develop a critical background for literary theory and critical thinking in the future
semesters
Contents:
• Aristotle: Poetics
• Wordsworth: Preface to Lyrical Ballads
• T S Eliot: Tradition and Individual Talent, What is Classic? On Meta-physicals
• Mathew Arnold: Function of Poetry and Literature
• Raymond William: Modern Tragedy (Tragedy and The Tradition, Tragedy and Experience,
Tragedy and Contemporary Experience)
01 Making of Literature Scott James
02 Critical Approaches to Literature David Daiches
03 Critical History of Criticism Wimsatt & Brooks
04 Contemporary Critical Essays Macmillan J. Tambling & E. M. Forester

Education UK, 13-Feb-1999
05 The Norton Anthology of Theory and Vincet B. Leitch

Criticism
04 Course Title: Romantic &Victorian Poetry 3(3-0)

Course Code: ENG408
Introduction:
Romanticism attests the most fertile period of English poetry that marks a shift from the pomp and
grandeur of the previous years to more complex and emotional artistic expressions. Victorian
poetry deals greatly with the conflicting cultural discourses, radical social changes and
reconstruction of the self. Students explore the artistic and thematic aspects of the poetry of the
two periods paying special attention to the historical and political context of the events.
Objectives:
➢ To learn the poetic pattern of Romantics and Victorians (diction, setting, subject matter,
figures of speech and form etc).
➢ To highlight various political, intellectual and social influences that helped shape the
mentality of the poets being studied
➢ To encourage the students to offer their own interpretations of the poems in the context
of the age they were composed along with their relevance in the present age
Contents:
• Poetic Devices
• Blake: Songs of Innocence (Auguries of Innocence, The Lamb, The Divine Image)
Songs of Experience (The Tyger, A Poison Tree, The Sick Rose, London, A Divine
Image)
• Wordsworth: Ode on Intimation of Immortality, Tintern Abbey, Ode to Duty, I
Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, My Heart Leaps Up, The Lucy Poems.
• Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Part-I), Water Ballad
• Byron: She Walks in Beauty, So We’ll Go No More a Roving, By the Rivers of Babylon
We Sat Down and Wept
• Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Nightingale, Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy
• Shelley: Ode to the West Wind, Hellas, England in 1819, Love’s Philosophy, Stanzas
Written in Dejection near Naples
• Browning: The Last Ride Together, Summum Bonum, Fra Lippo Lippi, My Last
Duchess
• Tennyson: Ulysses
Sr. Books Author
No.
01 Romantic Poetry and Prose. New York: OUP H. Bloom & L. Trillig
02 The Romantic Imagination M.G. Bowra
03 The Romantics and Victorians. New York: The F. Camilla

MacMillan Co
04
05 Majestic Indolence English Romantic Poetry and the Willard Spiegelman

Work of Art
06 Studies of the Mind and Art of Robert Browning J. Fotheringham
07 The Cambridge Companion to British Romantic

Poetry
05 Course Title: Victorian Novel 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The nineteenth century witnessed extraordinary social and cultural change in Britain, from the rise
of industrial capitalism to the emancipation of women, from the decline of Christian belief to the
growth of Empire, from urbanization to the emergence of mass literacy. This course introduces
students to some significant Victorian novel in the wider context of social transformation and
emerging literary practices. The course aims to develop students' analytic and critical skills through
an engagement with a range of issues and extraordinary range styles.
Objectives:
➢ To understand and interpret key Victorian novels
➢ To read and interpret literary criticism and apply it within an academic argument
➢ To evaluate critical arguments about Victorian realism and incorporate them into their own
arguments
➢ To write logical and coherent arguments based on evidence, and engage in critical debate
Contents:
• Charles Dickens: David Copperfield
• Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D’Urbevilles
• Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights
Recommend Readings:
Sr. Books Author
No
01 The Rise of the Novel. London: Penguin Walter Allen
02 The English novel. London: Penguin Walter Allen
03 Modern critical interpretation: Jane Austen H. Bloom
04 An Introduction to the English Novel. Volume A.Kettle

1 & 2. 2nd edition. Hutchinson
06 Course Title: Shakespearean Studies 3(30)

Introduction:
Shakespeare is one of the most important English dramatists. Shakespeare has remained a focus
of critical attention in every age. His plays have been taught for centuries as repositories of
universal values embracing human nature in entirety. In contemporary time period, however,
Shakespeare is being studied in postcolonial perspective with special focus on orientalism and race
in his plays. This course seeks to introduce Shakespeare both in colonial and postcolonial
perspectives.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce Shakespeare in traditional perspectives
➢ To focus on the major debates that characterize Shakespeare’s dramas
➢ To introduce contemporary postcolonial and postmodern debates about Shakespeare that
challenge and displace Shakespeare’s status as Bard
Contents:
• The Tempest
• Hamlet
• Othello
Sr. Books Authors
No
01 An Introduction to Shakespearean Studies A.C. Bradley
02 Cross cultural Encounters in Shakespeare Marchette Chute
03 Shakespeare of London D’ Souza
04 Shakespeare, Race and Colonialism Ania Loomba

Semester 5
01 Course Title: Modern Poetry 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course covers the major characteristics, concerns, techniques, and practitioners of modern
poetry. One unifying approach is to trace two central currents of modern poetry: traditional and
modernistic. Selected poetry of Yeats, Eliot, Larkin, Heaney, and Hughes, with special attention
to the poetic tradition of World War One, Imagism, and the Harlem Renaissance, will be taught.
Diverse methods of literary criticism are employed, such as historical, biographical, and gender
criticism to critically evaluate their poems. The course also focuses on other defining aspects of
Modern poetry: free verse, symbolism, realism, metaphysics, allusion.
Objectives
➢ To identify the evolving characteristics of the modern poetry’s literary traditions, authors
and themes
➢ To perceive poetry as a refined commentary on the aesthetic concerns of its time
➢ To develop keen awareness of poetic language and tone
➢ To understand and apply the political, socio-cultural or historical context of modern poetry
on the contemporary era
Contents
• T S Eliot: The Wasteland, Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
• W B Yeats: Second Coming, Sailing to Byzantium,
• Philip Larkin: Mr Bleany, Church Going, MCM 1914
• Seamus Heaney: The Tollund Man, Toome Road, A Constable Calls
• Ted Hughes: Thought Fox, That Morning
Sr. No Books Authors
01 New Case Book Series T. S. Eliot
02 Harold Bloom Critical Interpretations: W. B
Yeats
03 Jane Ayers : Modernism
05 W.B, Yeats: A Reader’s Guide. London: L. Unterecker

1988
06 Seamus Heaney. Critical Interpretations H. Bloom
02 Course Title: Pakistani Literature in Translation 3(3-0)

Introduction:
Pakistani literature in translation is the soul of the soil. It represents the indigenous culture, values
and ethos. Most of the Urdu and regional literature has been translated into English language by
renowned western and Pakistani translators. Urdu and regional literatures are the genuine voice of
the indigenous people and are rich repositories of cultural, mystical and spiritual heritage.
Objectives:
➢ To create space for Pakistani literature in Translation in academia
➢ To promote Pakistani identity, nationalism and ideology
➢ To foreground Pakistani Urdu and regional literature in English translation
➢ To interpret Pakistani literature in translation in proper historical and cultural
perspective
➢ To develop an indigenous theoretical framework to conceptualize and problematize
Pakistani literature in Translation
Contents
Poetry
• Iqbal Shikwa (Stanza 01 to 07) and Jawab-e-Shikwa (Stanza 25 to 35) translated by
Khushwant Singh
• Urdu Ghazals (Selected Poems)
i) Mir: Faqirana Aai Sada Kar Chalay, Hasti Apni Habab kesi hay
ii) Ghalib: Aahko Chahy Aik Umer, Bazi Hai Tfaalhy Dunya
iii) Akbar Allahabadi: Bay Parda Kal Jo Aain, Dunya Main Hoon Dunya ka
Talabgar Nahi Hoon
iv) Faiz: Subhe-Azadi, Bol, Mujh say Pehli Si
v) Faraz: Ranjish hi Sahi, Suna hay Log
vi) Habib Jalib: Zulmatko Zia, Dastoor ko Main Nahi Manta
Urdu Short Stories in Translation

• T Saadat Hassan Manto: Toba Tek Singh, New Constitution,
• Rajinder Sing Bedi: Lajwanti
• Ismat Chugtai: Roots
• Intazar Hussain: An Unwritten Epic Intizar Hussain
• Premchand: Chess Players
01 An Epic Unwritten Umer Memon

02 Oxford Book of Urdu Stories Umar Memon
03 Taste for Words Raza Mir
04 Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa Khushwant Singh
03 Course Title: TESOL 3(3-0)

Course Code: ENG- 505
Introduction:
This course has been designed to enable the students to learn the techniques and skills that are
helpful in teaching of English as a foreign language. It includes helpful guidelines about lesson
planning, class management, teaching of English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Bilingualism, linguistic interference, use of appropriate methods, techniques and visual aids while
teaching English as a foreign and second language in order to enhance the listening, speaking,
reading and writing skills of the students are the major issues that course addresses and tries to
resolve.
Objectives:
➢ To familiarize the students with the basic concepts and techniques in teaching of English
as foreign language
➢ To demonstrate a general understanding of, and familiarity with the world of teaching
English as a Foreign Language including general terminology, the profession’s
qualifications, further training options and career opportunities
➢ To demonstrate a good grasp and a basic understanding of the communicative approach to
teaching English as a Foreign Language
➢ To write objectives and appropriate lesson plans
Contents:
• Orientation
• Culture and Acculturation
• Bilingualism
• Theories of Second Language Acquisition
• ELT methods (Grammar Translation, Direct, Audio-lingual, Eclectic)
• Class Room Management
• Lesson Planning
• Teaching Vocabulary
• Teaching Pronunciation
• Exploring Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing Skills
• Use of A.V aids
• Error Analysis and Testing
• Teaching through literature
01 Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, L.D. Freeman

Series Editor: Campbell R.N., Rutherford W.E.
second edition, Oxford University Press
02 Practical English Language Teaching, First D. Nunan

Edition, McGraw Hill Companies
03 English Phonetics and Phonology, A Practical P. Roach

Course, second edition, CUP.
04 A Course in Language Teaching Practice and UR Penny

Theory, Cambridge Teacher Training and
Development, CUP
05 The Practice of English Language Teaching, Third J. Harmer

Edition, Longman.www.longman.com
04 Course Title Literary Theory (1) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course introduces the students after they are finished with the basic ideas of literary criticism
and how literary theory is similar and different from criticism. The course is divided into two parts
owing to its complexity and significance for the students of literary studies. In the first part, they
will be given the fundamental debates about art, aesthetic and literature in Anglo-American literary
tradition and its simultaneous developments in Russia as well as other parts of Europe, including
Vienna, Prague and Germany with their major debates about the structure, form and function of
literary and poetic language.
Objectives:
➢ To expose the students to understand the mainstream liberal humanist tradition and its point
of convergence and divergence with other continental developments in the field of literary
and aesthetic arts
➢ To familiarize the students with the basic tenets of literary theory
➢ To introduce them with major theoretical developments and their theorists
➢ To enable them distinguish between literary criticism and literary theory
Contents:
• Liberal Humanism
• New and Practical Criticism
• Russian Formalism
i) Structuralism (Swiss)
ii) Structuralism (Prague)
iii) Reader Response Theories
Sr. Books Authors

No.
01 Literary Theory: The Basics Hans Bertens
02 Literary Theory Peter Barry
03 Dictionary of Literary Terms Martin Gray or Jeremy Hawthorn
04 A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Douglas Tallack
05 Literary Theory at Work David Buchbinder
06 Literary Theory and the Reading of Poetry Reman Seldan
05 Course Title: American Literature-1 (Drama) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This part of the course surveys the origins of American literary movements with reference to the
representative writers chosen. It sets some direction to the study of specific trends in the American
drama. It also highlights various phases of the American Renaissance, Romantic awareness and
Transcendentalism, the Civil War, scientific progress, dreams of American success, and several
voices of social protests.
Objectives:
➢ To stress the diversity and uniqueness of American character and experience
➢ To highlight the sarcasm of American Dream and the phase of depression
➢ To indicate the various voices induced in making America as an emerging entity
Contents:
• Arthur Miller: The Crucible
• Eugene O’ Neil: Mourning becomes Electra-I
• Tennessee Williams: A Streetcar named Desire
• August Wilson: Fences
Books Authors
Sr. No.
A Critical Introduction to twentieth century C.W.E Bigsby
01 American Drama: 1, 1900-1940; II Williams,
Miller, Albee; III Beyond Broadway, 1982-85
02 Contemporary American Playwrights. Christopher Bigsby

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
03 The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Cambridge: Manfred Pfister

Cambridge University Press.
04 New American Dramatists.1960-1990. Ruby Cohn

Hampshire: Macmillan
05 A Companion to 20th Century Drama. Oxford: David Krasner
Blackwell
06 Course Title: Modern Novel 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course focuses on the modern form of the genre with its different and varied narrative
techniques as well as its cultural, human and topical concerns.
Objectives:
➢ To examine the novel as an evolving genre in its different aspects of language, tone, point
of view, structure and narratology
➢ To view the novel form as reflective of social and literary themes & trends against the
backdrop of historicity
Contents:
• James Joyce: Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man
• Virginia Woolf: Mrs. Dalloway
• D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers
• Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness
Semester 6
Course Title: Literary Theory (II) 3(3-0)

Course Code:
Introduction:
The course is introduced to the students after they are finished with the basic ideas of literary
criticism and how literary theory is similar and different from criticism. Having discussed the
fundamental debates about art, aesthetic and literature in Anglo-American context, the course will
give insight into later development in literary theory in French post-structuralism, Psychoanalysis,
as well as the more politically vital debates in Marxism, Feminism and New Historicism.
Objectives:
➢ To enable them understand the difference between Anglo American literary theory and
other continental developments in Language and theory
➢ To introduce them with the intersection of theory, class, gender and race
➢ To allow them explore some more practical and applied angles of literary theory
Contents:
• Post structuralism
• Deconstruction
• Postmodernism
• Feminism
• Marxism
• New Historicism
• Psychoanalysis
Sr. Books Authors

No.
01 Literary Theory: The Basics Hans Bertens
02 Literary Theory Peter Barry
03 Dictionary of Literary Terms Martin Gray or Jeremy Hawthorn
04 A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Douglas Tallack
05 Literary Theory at Work David Buchbinder
06 Literary Theory and the Reading of Poetry Reman Seldan
02 Course Title: American Literature-II (Poetry & Novel) 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course focuses on connecting diverse Western movements such as Realism, Naturalism,
Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Modernism, as they influence multiple trends in American
literary heritage and nationalism. It also highlights emerging trends as they culminate in the
opening of democratic vistas along with the repercussions of industrial and scientific expansion.
Objectives:
➢ To comprehend race, gender and class equations reinterpreted as the central meaning of
America
➢ To revise the changing social and economic values in America
Course Outline:
Poetry:
• Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass—Song of Myself (Lines 1-139)
• Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken, After Apple Picking, Mending Walls, Bereft
• Emily Dickinson: Poem 260 (I am nobody! Who are you?) Poem 340 (I Felt a Funeral in
my Brain)
• Sylvia Plath: Lady Lazarus, Daddy
• Sherman Alexie: Why We Play Basket Ball, Sasquatch Poems
Novel:
• Tony Morrison: Beloved
• William Faulkner: Sound and Fury
Sr. Books Authors

No
01 Figures of Capable Imagination H. Bloom
02 American Poetry from the Puritans to the H. H. Waggoner

Present
03 Modern Critical Views: William Faulkner H. Bloom
04 American Fiction: New Reading R. Gray
05 Modern American Novel M. Bradbury
06 The American Novel and its Traditions 1958 R. Chase

07 Modern Critical views and Interpretations H. Bloom
03 Course Title: Modern Drama 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course underlines the basic tenants of Modern Drama along with the social and cultural
transformation human sensibility went through during the Modern Age. Through five most
representative dramatists and their selected works, the course attempts to cover the genre
compressively in its formal and thematic concerns.
Objectives:
➢ To enable the students to see formal innovation of the genre under the influence of
modernism;
➢ To give them fairly comprehensive grasp of European drama;
➢ To develop their understanding of how human sensibility concerning class, war,
gender, language and culture was transformed under modernism as it finds expression
in modern drama
Contents:
• Henrik Ibsen: Hedda Gabler
• G B Shaw: Pygmalion
• Bertolt Brecht: The Three Penny Opera
• Sean O’ Casey: Juno and the Paycock

01 Modern Drama and the Rhetoric of Theater W.B. Worthen
02 Henrik Ibsen Dr. Azhar Suleman
03 The Abject of Desire: The Aestheticization Monika Meueller
of the Unaesthetic in Contemporary
Literature and Culture. (Genus: Gender in
Modern Culture)
04 Course Title: Russian Literature 3(3-0)

Introduction:
Literature is not only a commentary on historical time but also provides a great supplement to its
understanding. This course helps in better understanding of the incidents/events leading to the
landmark Russian revolution of 1917 with the prism of literary creations. Russian civilization
could be taken as an antidote to Western cultural, economic, political and literary ideals which was
glaringly seen during cold war. Even now the tussle between the capitalistic West and communist
East is glaringly a hallmark of twenty first century. This course makes case for the great Russian
literary tradition led by the finest writers such as Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Chekhov
among many others and brings to limelight artistic abilities in the existing traditions of literary
canons. The inclusion of Russian Literature harmonizes the diverse literary voices and civilizations
in attempt to create a holistic and inclusive view of life.
Objectives:
➢ To make students familiar with social and political history of Pre-1917 Czarist Russia,
revolutionary days, Soviet era and the modern Russian as to get better understanding of the
works included in the course
➢ To introduce Leo Tolstoy, his life, works, art and legacy
➢ To discuss the art of short story writing and the distinctive art of Leo Tolstoy with reference
to the short stories included in the course
➢ To get familiarity with Marxism, communism, existentialism, nihilism and other streaks of
philosophy relevant to Russian literature
➢ To analyze Crime and Punishment keeping in view its thematic, philosophic, artistic and
stylistic concerns
➢ To read Chekhov’s Cherry Orchard in the light of existing dramaturgy and its own
distinctive elements with an aim to understanding the socio-political milieu
Contents:
Novel and Short Story
• Anton Chekhov: Cherry Orchard

• Dostoevsky: Crime and Punishment
• Russian Short Stories:
i) Leo Tolstoy
1. How Much Does a Man Need
2. God Sees the Truth but Waits
ii) Nikolai Gogol
3. The Overcoat
4. The Nose
Sr. Books Authors
No
01 Russian literature: A very Short Introduction C. Kelly
02 The Routledge Companion to Russian Literature N. Cornwell

03 The Cambridge History of Russian Literature C.A. Moser
04 An Outline of Russian Literature M. Baring
05 Course Title: Pakistani Literature in English-I 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course is designed to introduce students with the freedom movement in the Indian
subcontinent and creation of Pakistan, partition and the subsequent political chaos and various
post-partition narratives that helped shape today’s Pakistan. The course focuses on the literary
representations of the various historical, political and socio-cultural crises of the time.
Objectives:
➢ To explore the literary heritage of Pakistan
➢ To explore the role of Pakistani Literature in English in constructing nativity
➢ To appreciate the role of Pakistani Literature in English in constructing an alternative
literary narrative
Novel and Prose

• Ahmed Ali: Twilight in Delhi
• Zulfikar Ghose: Murder of Aziz Khan
• Bapsi Sidhwa: Cracking India
• Sara Suleri: Meatless Days (Papa and Pakistan, Excellent Things in Women)
Poetry
• Daud Kamal (Selected Daud Kamal Poems, ed Afterword. The Groove, Ali S. Zaidi)
i) Rebel
ii) Anniversary
iii) Kingfisher
• Taufiq Rafat (Arrival of Monsoon, 1985, Vanguard)
i) Kitchens
ii) A Touch of Winter
• Aalamgir Hashmi (Sun and Moon & Other Poems-1992, Indus Book, Islamabad)
iii) Eid
iv) A Topic
v) Pakistan Movement
Recommended Books
Sr. Books Authors
No.
01 Leaving Home and Hybrid Tapestries M. Shamsie
02 A History of Pakistani Literature in English. Vanguard press Tariq Rahman

(pvt) Ltd, Lahore. 1991.
03 Culture and Imperialism. Vintage London 1993 Edward Said
04 Kamal Daud’s Entry in Encyclopedia of Post-colonial Alamgir Hashmi

Literatures in English. Volume 1. Ed Benson. E. & Connolly,
L.W. London: Routledge
05 Third World Literature in the era of multinational capital in Fredrick Jameson

social text 15, Fall 1986.
06 A. Morning in the Wilderness: Reading in Pakistani Waqas Khawaja

Literature. Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore
Semester 7
01 Course Title: Short Stories3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course is designed as an introduction to the craft and culture of short fiction. Students will
be introduced to a range of short texts written in English and some significant short stories
translated into English. The students will read, discuss, write about, and present on a variety of
short stories by authors who have significantly influenced the short story form and/or whose short
stories make noteworthy contributions to the short story form in theme, craft, impact, etc. The
course aims to broaden students' understanding and appreciation of the range of writing in short
forms and of the contexts of short story production.
Objectives:
➢ To read, understand and appreciate a range of short stories and to think rigorously about
these selected contemporary texts and the contexts of their production
➢ To explore the short story as a literary form with emphasis on structure and technique
➢ To analyze the formal features, developments, historical context the literary terms,
themes, strategies, and issues as are relevant to the works being studied
Contents:
• Naguib Mahfuz: The Mummy
• E.Allen Poe: The Man of the Crowd
• Doris Lessing: African Short Story
• Flannery O’Connor: Everything that Rises Must Converge
• J.Joyce: The Dead
• Nadine Gordimer: Ultimate Safari Once upon a time
• Kafka: The Judgement
• Ben Okri: What the Tapster Saw
• Hanif Qureshi: My Son the Fanatic
• D.H.Lawrence: The Man who Loved Islands
• Alice Walker: Strong Horse Tea
• V.S. Pritchett: The Voice
• Brian Friel: The Diviner
• H.E. Bates: The Woman who Loved Imagination
• Ali Mazuri: The Fort
• Amy Tan: The Voice from the Wall
01 The Norton Anthology of American Lit. Vol. Nina Baym

D. W.W. Norton & Company
02 Macmillan Anthology of Eng Lit. Vol. 4. Brian Martin

Macmillan Pub Co
03 Aspects of the Novel. Harvest Books E.M. Forester
04 The Art of the Short Story. Longman. Dana Gioia & Gwynn
05 Twentieth Century Literary Criticism:Criticism Thoma Schoenberg

of the Short Story Writers, and Other Creative
Writers Who Lived between 1900 and 1999,
from the First. Curr (Twentieth Century
Literary Criticism). Gale Cengage
06 Cosmopolitan Criticism: Oscar Wilde's P. J. Brown

Philosophy of Art. University of Virginia Press
02 Course Title: Postcolonial Studies 3(3-0)

Introduction:
According to Ashcroft et al, two third of the globe was colonized by the west. Annia Loomba,
however, says more than 82 percent of the people living on the globe had their lives shaped by the
experience of colonization. These two figures amply justify the significance of studying
Postcolonial theories and literatures. Postcolonial studies investigate colonial cultural, political and
economic practices and narratives in order to respond, contradict and reject them and offer counter
narratives of resistance, revolt and decolonization. Edward Said’s genealogical analysis of western
civilization in Orientalism continues to serve as a model for interrogating colonial grand narratives
of colonization. Contemporary ‘postcolonial condition’ warrants a thorough study of all the
material cultural forces that have created what Fanon called ‘psycho-existential displacement’
among the once colonized people and how neocolonialism and globalization continue to run over
the culture, politics and economies of these countries.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce critical concepts, debates and theories of postcolonialism
➢ To critique colonial and postcolonial poetics and aesthetics
➢ To highlight the politics of race, class and gender in postcolonial context
➢ To focus on postcolonial condition in era of neocolonialism, diaspora and globalization
Contents:
• Key Terms
i) Colonialism, Postcolonialism, Neocolonialism, Imperialism
• Key Theorists
ii) Edward Said: Orientalism, Colonial Discourse, Resistance Opposition and
Representation, Colonial and Postcolonial Identities
iii) Homi K. Bhabha: Hybridity, Ambivalence, Mimicry, Cultural Diversity and
Cultural Difference, 3rd Space
iv) Spivak: Can the Subaltern Speak?
v) Frantz Fanon: Native Intellectual and Decolonization
• Postcolonial Feminism
• Postcolonialism and Postmodernism
• Cultural Identities and Diaspora
• Language and Decolonization
Sr. Books Author

No
01 The Empire Writes Back. London: Tiffin, Ashcroft

Routledge.
02 The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. London: Tiffin & Ashcroft

Routledge.
03 Post-Colonial Studies - The Key Concepts.

London, New York: Routledge.
04 The Location of Culture. London: Routledge Homi K. Bhabha
05 The Wretched of the Earth. (C. Farrington, Frantz Fanon

Trans.) New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
06 The Cambridge Introduction to Postcolonial C.L. Innes
Literature in English. Cambridge, New
York: Cambridge University Press
07 Colonialism/ Postcolonialism. London: A. Loomba

Routledge
08 Orientalism. London: Routledge Edward Said
03 Course Title: Pakistani Literature in English-II 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course explores Pakistani Literature in English written in response to General Zia’s military
regime and Islamization of Pakistan during the 1980s, 9/11 and the discourse of War on Terror,
the country’s situated positionality in the Western discourse and Pakistan’s representation as a
terrorist sympathizer country. The course focuses on various contemporary political and cultural
debates.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce students to local themes and issues
➢ To enable students to compare and relate Pakistani writings in English with English
writings from other parts of the world in order to enhance critical thinking
➢ To understand and appreciate the Pakistani variety of English through this study
➢ To provide the scholar with a wide basis for research in terms of Pakistani issues
and conflicts as this is a relatively new and unexplored area of English literature
Novel:
• Muhammad Hanif: A Case of Exploding Mangoes
• Mohsin Hamid: Reluctant Fundamentalist
• Kamila Shamsie: Burnt Shadows
Short Stories:
• Aamir Hussein: Sweet Rice
• Danyal Moeenuddin: In Other Rooms, Other Wonders, Our Lady of Paris
01 Rethinking Identities Aroosa Kanwal
02 Where Worlds Collide David Waterman
03 Writing Pakistan Bilal Mushtaq
04 Hybrid Tapestries Muneeza Shamsie
05 River of Ink Claire Chambers
Course Title: Literature of War and Conflict 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course covers a range of war literature from different historical eras, and geographical and
political areas; hence thereby covering the world’s major wars and conflicts. The course covers
variant viewpoints reflecting and challenging perceptions of war and its physical and ideological
manifestation.
Objectives:
➢ To sensitive students with traditional and iconoclastic concepts of heroism and courage
➢ To study the ideological basis of wars and conflicts
➢ To be familiarised with literature as a reflection of a certain discourse on/about war and
conflict
Novel:
• Earnest Hemmingway: For Whom the Bells Tolls
Poems:
• Wilfred Owen
i) Anthem for Doomed Youth
ii) Futility
iii) Strange Meeting
• Najat Abdul Samad (Poem, Translated by Ghada Altarash)
vi) When I am Overcome by Weakness
• Youssef Abu Yihea (Translated by Ghada Alatrash)
iv) I am Syrian
• Tim O’ Brien: The Things They Carried (Short Stories on the Vietnam War)
• Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl
01 The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of World Marina MacKay

War II (Cambridge Companions to Literature)
02 The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of the Vincent Sherry

First World War (Cambridge Companions to
Literature)
03 Derrida, Literature and War: Absence and the Chance Sean Gaston
of Meeting
5 Course Title: Theatre of the Absurd 3(3-0)

Course Code: ENG 609
Introduction:
Theatre of the absurd is a proliferating discipline in the study of Literature. The course is designed
to introduce the students to a significant form of modern drama in the Theatre of the Absurd, both
in terms of its techniques and language and how it is different from the traditional practice of
drama writing, with its art of characterization and other stylistic techniques.
Objectives:
The Objective of this course is
➢ To give the reader an opportunity to read the influence of Existentialism on the Theatre of
Absurd
➢ To enhance their understanding by reading the representative works of the writers
➢ To prepare them for the full-length study of the genres
Contents:
• Jean Paul Sartre: No Exit
• Samuel Beckett: Waiting for Godot
• Harold Pinter: The Caretaker
• Eugene Ionesco: Ameedee
Sr. Books Authors
No.
01 Samuel Beckett: Word master: “Waiting for Godot”: I.Hassan

Text with Critical Commentary. Oxford University
Press
02 Theatre of the Absurd, Vintage, 2001
03 No Exit (Script)
04 No Exit at the internet Broadway database
05 Book review to The Caretaker, by Harlod Pinter. New John Arden

Theatre Mag. 1.4 (July 1960): 29-30.
Semester 8
Course Title: Research Methodology 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The course provides an introduction to research methodologies in literature and education, both
qualitative and quantitative. The subject introduces students to contemporary perspectives in
educational research, and in particular focuses on developing a range of skills involved in
formulating a research proposal; including framing research questions, reviewing the literature and
choosing appropriate methodologies for different types of study. The ways in which researchers
from different research traditions use different methods of collecting research data (for example,
interview, questionnaire and observation) will be taught. As the subject is intended to prepare
students for a research thesis, some preliminary work on the development and administration of
research instruments is also included.
Objectives:
➢ To develop students’ basic concepts of research methods and methodology
➢ To equip students with contemporary research conventions and norms to make them
proficient in different kinds of ‘research writings’ like research proposals, papers,
projects, reports, dissertations & thesis
➢ To involve the students practically in research-oriented tasks
Contents:
• Philosophy of Research
• Kinds of Research
• Process of Research
• Developing Research Questions
• Preparing A Research Design
• Data Collection, Data Management and Analysis
• Documentation of Research
• Exploring Power and Ethics in Research
• Use of Technology in Research
• Mechanics of Thesis Writing
• Dealing with Plagiarism, Using Research conventions & Manuals (APA and MLA),
Responsibilities of a Researcher
• Writing Abstract, Literature Review, Methodology
• Writing Research Proposals/synopsis
• Writing Textual Analysis
• Following Structure, Writing Thesis Statement
• Developing Argument
• Interpretation and Dissertation Writing: Writing up findings
• References and Bibliography Writing
Sr. Books Authors
No.
01 The Hand Book to Literary Research (2nd Delia Da Sousa and W. R.

Ed.) Owens, publisher: Routledge
(2010)
02 Research Methods in Education (6th Ed.) Louis Cohen, publisher:

Routledge (2007)
03 Research Methods for Social Sciences. A.Bryman

Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
04 Quality Inquiry and Research W. Cresswell

Design:Choosing among five approaches.
(2nded). Thousand oaks; Sage publications
05 Essentials of Research Design and Geoffrey Marczyk; publisher:

Methodology John Wiley (2005)
06 Succeeding with your Master’s Dissertation: John Biggam; publisher:

A step-by-step handbook (2nd Ed.) McGraw-Hill
2 Course Title: Women’s Writings 3(3-0)

Introduction:
The rationale of the course is to locate sites of writings by women across time and culture with
their conscious or unself-conscious involvement or participation in the project of agency,
representation and resistance. Within the larger domain of gender studies, the course is particularly
focused on women’s writings as the potential domain of inquiry with the view to understand the
crucial and central role of writing as a means of discursive construction of identities with their
fluidity, multiplicity and contradictions.
Objectives:
➢ To explore some exciting readings of women’s writings
➢ To understand the link of women’s writing with the politics of identity and representation
➢ To discover the literature by women writers and its contribution in contemporary feminist
theories in literature and culture
Contents:
• Western Literary and Intellectual Tradition

i) Mary Woolstonecraft (Chapter 1 and 3 from The Vindication of the Rights of
Women
ii) Simon de Beauvoir (chapter 1 The Second Sex)
iii) Virginia Woolf, Last chapter from A Room of One’s Own
• Women Writings from Non-Western Tradition
iv) Nawal Sadawai & Farugh Furrakhzad
o Woman at Point Zero
o The Sin
o The Wave
o The Bird May Die
o Call to Arms
v) Aisha Jalal
o Epilogue from Self and Sovereignty,
o On the Postcolonial Moment from The Pity of Partition
01 Literary Feminisms (2002: Macmillan). Ruth Robbins
02 Neither Day nor Night, An Oxford

Anthology of Pakistani Women Writers
03 Locating the Self, Perspectives on Women Nighat Said Khan and others,
and Multiple Identities 1994, ASR Publications
04 Muslim Women Writers of the Subcontinent MunazzaYaqub, 2014, emel

(1870-1950) Publications
05 Language and Gender in Sea Changes: Kaplan Cora

Essays on Culture and Feminism, London,
Verso, 1986
06 Feminist Theory form Margin to Center, Bell Hooks

Pluto Press, 2000
03 Course Title: World Literature 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course carries works from all over the world, including African literature, Arabic literature,
American literature, Asian literature, and European literature. Its purpose is to inculcate a sense of
respect for cultural specificities and an understanding of literary and cultural diversity whereby to
transform them into tolerant and accommodating scholars.
Objectives:
➢ To understand and identify the concept of “World Literature”
➢ To explain the characteristics of various periods and genres of World Literature
➢ To make comparisons and contrasts between literatures of different cultures
➢ To identify and trace the relationship of World Literature with Comparative Literature and
Translation Studies
Contents:
Poetry:
• Spanish:
i) Pablo Neruda
o Amor America from Canto (I)
o The Hangman from (Canto V)
o You Will Struggle from (Canto XIII)
• Punjabi:
ii) Bulleh Shah
o One is Enough
o Ik Nuqtay Wich Gul Mukdi
o Ranjha Ranja Kardi,
o Lass Look to your Spinning
o Kar Kuttan Wal Dihyan Kuray
• Persian:
iii) Jalaluddin Rumi,
o A New Rule
o A Stone I Died
o All Through Eternity
o Any Soul that Drank Eternity
iv) Nazim Hikmat Yar
o I Love you,
o I Think of You
o The Miniature Woman
Fiction:
• Spanish: Gabriel Garcia Marquez: One Hundred Years of Solitude
• French: Albert Camus: The Outsider
• German Kafka: The Metamorphosis
01 How to Read World Literature David Damrosch,

Blackwell Publishing,
2009
02 What is World Literature? David Damrosch,

Princeton University
Press, 2003
03 The Stranger Albert Camus

(Translated from French
by Stuart Gilbert,
Vintage Books
04 One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez
(Translated from
Spanish by Gregory
Rabassa).
05 Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky

(Translated from
Russian by Constance
Garnett).
06 Great Sufi Wisdom Bulleh Shah.(S. Ahmad, Trans.). B. Shah

Rawalpindi
07 Nazim Hikmet Poems, Poemhunter.com - The World's
Poetry Archive, 2008
Rumi, Classic Poetry Series, Poemhunter.com - The
World's Poetry Archive, 2004
09 Translation Studies. Edition: 3rd. Susan Bassnett,

Publisher: Routledge.
2002
10 Rumi The Book of Love Coleman Barks, Harper

Collins E Books
04 Course Title: Postcolonial Literature 3(3-0)

Introduction:
Western literature promoted western culture and civilization and helped establish hegemony of the
west in the colonized world. Universality, objectivity, disinterestedness were the slogans that
paved way for the acceptance of western literature as repository of ideal human values. However,
this unquestioned authority of the western texts was destabilized by the postcolonial gaze that
found these texts complicit in the dehumanizing project of colonization.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce key western texts that negotiate with the colonial experience from different
perspectives
➢ To demonstrate how colonial texts deconstruct themselves betraying their ideological
and political biases
Contents:
• Rudyard Kipling: Kim
• E. M. Forster: A Passage to India
• Paul Scott: Jewel in the Crown
• Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart
01 The Post- Tiffin, Ashcroft & Griffits

Colonial Studies Reader NY: Routledge.
1995.
02 Beginning Postcolonialism John MacLeod
03 Postcolonialism Pramod K. Nayar
04 Key Concepts in Postcolonial Studies. NY:

Routledge, 1998
05 New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. John Branigann
NY:1998
06 Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. NY:

Columbia University Press,
1994
07 The Location of Culture. London & New Homi K. Bhabha

York: Routledge
05 Course Title: Critical Theory 3(3-0)

Introduction:
This course seeks to examine the development and transformation of Critical Theory, especially
the different approaches adopted by Frankfurt School (Horkheimer and Adorno) to subsequent
Critical Theorists (Habermas). The main area of investigation is to orient students with these
critical developments and how they are influenced and in return influence the theoretical and
political debates in the domain of art, literature and aesthetics. The core question of this course is
to consider the essential and distinguishing aspects of this mode of theorizing and how they are
related with the broader implication of critical social theory in the second half of the twentieth
century.
Objectives:
➢ To introduce students with the key texts in Critical Theory and their main arguments
➢ To give a critical discussion of the ideas as developed by Critical Theorists and their
difference from other literary and cultural theories
Contents:
• Theoretical assumptions, Critical theory and the Frankfurt School? Origins and
Early Development,
• Theodore Adorno, Walter Benjamin,Max Horkheimer
• Dialectical View of Society(Max Weber and Karl Marx)
• Power-Knowledge – Foucault
• Constructive variants of critical theory, Habermas
• Habermas’s theory of communicative action, Critique of Habermas’ theory of
communication
• Critical theory and historiography, critical theory as triple hermeneutics
• Interpretive Approach: Critical Hermeneutics
• Critical Theory Today
• Critical race theory
• Cultural theory
Sr. Books Authors

No
01 Critical Theory-The Key Concepts Dino Franco Felluga
02 Reflexive. Methodology. New Vistas for Mats Alvesson.

Qualitative Research. Third Edition KajSköldberg
03 Walter Benjamin, or, Towards a Revolutionary Terry Egleton

Criticism

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Total Credit Hours: 142

01 Course Title: English-I (Grammar) 3(3-0)

Sr.No Books Author

02 Course Title: Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)

01 Pakistan the Formative Phase Khalid Bin Saeed

02 Struggle of Pakistan I.H. Qureshi

03 Pakistan Political Roots and Development, Safdar Mahmood

04 Political Parties in Pakistan 1947-1958 M. Rafique Afzal

05 Constitutional Development in Pakistan G. W. Choudhry

06 The Emergence of Pakistan Ch. Muhammad Ali

03 Course Title: History of English Literature- I 3(3-0)

01 Routledge History of English Ronald Carter

02 Critical History of English Literature David Dachies

03 A History of English Literature Legeouis Cazmian

04 History of English Literature IforIvans

05 English Literature William J. Long

01 A History of English Literature, US, Harvard Alas Tair Fowler

02 Cambridge History of English Literature (A John Richetti

03 USA Blackwell Publishing, A history of old Fulk Robert & Cain M.

05 The Present Age in British Literature. David Daiches

07 A Short History of English Literature, Pramod K. Nayar

04 Course Title: Introduction to Literary Studies 3(3-0)

• Defining Literature: Major Genres in Literature

05 Course Title: Classical Poetry I (3-0)

01 A Commentary on the General Prologue to Muriel Bowden

02 The Poet Chaucer. Oxford. Nevil Coghill

03 John Donne: Twentieth Century View Series Helen Gargner

04 On the Poetry of Pope G. Tillotson

05 The Metaphysical Poets. MacMillan (1967) M. Bowden

06 The Metaphysical Poets. MacMillan AE Dyson

07 Shakespeare, Spenser, Donne (Introduction). F. Kermode

08 The Anatomy of Poetry. London: Routledge Marjorie Boulton

• Bacon: Essays Selection (Five Essays, Of Truth, Of Death, Of Studies, Of Travel, Of

07 Course Title: Social Psychology 3(3-0)

01 Course Title: English-II (Reading and Study Skills) 3(3-0)

01 Study Skills: CUP Wallace Catherine

02 Write to be Read: reading, reflection and Smalzer

02 Course Title: Islamiat 2(2-0)

‫طلبہ کو قرآن و حدیث سے استفادہ کے قابل‬ ‫➢‬

‫‪Sr. No.‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫(الف) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے خصا ئص۔‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫اسالم‪:‬‬ ‫اور‬ ‫فت‬ ‫ثقا‬ ‫و‬ ‫تہذیب‬ ‫مغربی‬ ‫(ج)‬

‫)‪02 Ethics (For Non-Muslim Students‬‬

Sr. No. Book Author

02 Ethics for To-day HerolH.Titus!

03 Quranic Ethics B. A. Dar

04 Proceeding of Islamic Colloquium, Lahore 1957.

03 Course Title: History of English literature-II 3(3-0)

01 A History of English Literature, US, Harvard T.A. Fowler

02 Cambridge History of English Literature (A John Richetti

03 USA Blackwell Publishing, A History of Old Robert Fulk & M. Christopher

04 Contemporary English literature, New York Adwin Bolles & Mark

05 English Literature from Norman Conquest to William Hussy Schofield

06 The Cambridge History English and A.R. Waller & W. A. Ward

07 A Short History of English Literature. Iffor Evans

08 Who’s Who of 20th Century. Novelists, New Tim Woods

04 Course Title: Classical Poetry (II) 3(3-0)