1 English – Grade 5 Quarter 4 – Module 8: Writing Paragraphs Showing Cause and Effect First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module
Writer: Corrina I. Cruz Editor: Luningning A. Ancheta Reviewer Content: Emelita T. Medina Technical: Rose Ann P. Madriaga Illustrator: Edison P. Clet Layout Artist: Elinette B. Dela Cruz Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Carolina T. Rivera, CESE OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Manuel A. Laguerta EdD Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Victor M. Javeña EdD Chief, School Governance and Operations Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City
2 English 5 Quarter 4 Self-Learning Module 8 Writing Paragraphs Showing Cause and Effect
3 Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the English Five Self-Learning Module on Writing Paragraphs
Showing Cause and Effect.
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
4 For the Learner:
Welcome to the English Five Self-Learning Module Writing Paragraphs
Showing Cause and Effect.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire module.
5 EXPECTATIONS
This is your self-instructional module in English 5. All activities
provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Writing Paragraphs Showing Cause and Effect
PRETEST
Before we proceed to our new lesson, fill in the chart below with the appropriate cause or effect. Pick the answer from the selection given.
CAUSE EFFECT I did not close the lid tightly. He escaped. 1. I jumped up and hit the lamp. The lamp crashed to the floor and 2. made a loud noise. I stopped and grabbed my hamster. 3.
4. My mom screamed.
5. I saw him wink at me.
Yesterday, after playing with my hamster on the
floor, I put him back into his cage. But I didn’t close the lid tightly and he escaped. I didn’t know he was loose until I saw something run by my feet. I jumped up dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-
quickly and hit the lamp on the table next to me. images-hamster-cage-image18213749
The lamp fell and crashed to the ground, making a loud noise. Soon, my dad was in the room upset that he was awoken from his nap. I walked over to apologize when I stopped just in time. My hamster was sitting in front of me, looking up, and smiling. I reached down to grab him, and he took off under the couch and into the kitchen. When I heard the scream, I knew my mom had seen my pet. She scooped him into a colander and popped him back into his cage. I tightly secured the top, and he was back in
6 his home. I watched him play, and thought for sure I saw him give me a little wink.
RECAP
Last time, you used complex sentences to show problem-solution
relationship of ideas:
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause.
An independent clause is a simple sentence by itself. It gives a complete
meaning. It can stand alone.
Meanwhile, a dependent clause does not give a complete thought. It
cannot stand alone. It depends on an independent clause to complete its meaning.
Example of complex sentence showing problem-solution:
Jenica was hungry so she grabbed a pack of biscuit in her bag.
Jenica was hungry – is the problem and independent clause.
so she grabbed a pack of biscuit in her bag – is the solution and the
dependent clause.
LESSON
Do you believe that circumstances happen for a reason?
Why do you think people need to stay at home during a pandemic? Why do you think people get sick? Why do you think children still need to study during quarantine?
All the answers to these questions are called reason or cause.
Cause is something that produces an event or condition.
What are the clue words for cause?
These words indicate cause/reason:
because of, as, owing to, for, since, due to, in that, cause, for the reason that, so that, unless, the main reason…
7 The result of the cause is called effect. Effect is the result from an event or condition. The effect answers the questions: What happened? What was the result?
These words indicate effect:
so, for this reason, as a result, if, consequently, effect, otherwise, therefore, and thus…
Example: Jayson is running fast because he is late in class.
cause – because he is late in class (because – clue word) result – Jayson is running fast
Today, let us learn how to write a paragraph using cause and effect relationship.
A cause and effect paragraph is a method in which the writer analyzes the reason for – and or the consequences of an action, event or decision.
Before you write a cause and effect paragraph, you must remember the following:
1. Reasons for writing a cause and effect paragraph:
- to solve a problem - to predict an outcome - to understand a situation - to entertain or - to persuade
2. Organize the ideas in your paragraph through brainstorming, a
series of causes and effects for the topic you are writing about and noting them in an easy to understand way. Follow this format when writing about causes: Topic sentence – statement of the effect and overview of the causes Supporting sentence – causes arranged in chronological or logical order. (Cause 1, Cause 2, Cause 3) Conclusion – restatement of effect, summary of causes – call for action.
8 Follow this format when writing about effects: Topic sentence – statement of the cause and overview of the effects Supporting sentence – effects arranged in chronological or logical order. (Effect 1, Effect 2, Effect 3) Conclusion – restatement of causes, summary of effects – call for action.
3. Decide on the focus of your paragraph to achieve unity in your
work. Is the focus about the cause or effect? Then creating a topic sentence that focuses on the central event, feeling or actions will be easier.
4. Improve coherence by limiting the number of causes or effects to
two or three.
5. Include transition words which focus on the purpose of the
paragraph and supporting sentences which identify the causes or effects.
These words indicate cause/reason:
because of, as, owing to, for, since, due to, in that, cause, for the reason that, so that, unless, the main reason…
These words indicate effect/result:
so, for this reason, as a result, if, consequently, effect, otherwise, therefore, thus, in consequence…
The selection below is an example of a cause and effect paragraph:
About 75 million people died from the bubonic plague during the 14th century. Half of the population of Italy fell victim to the disease. The plague caused high fever, swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face, and spitting of blood. Most people who got the disease died within five days. The disease was spread by fleas from rats. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge account for the continuous plague pandemics throughout the 14th century. (credits: Jill M. Leone 2007)
9 Answer this: 1. What caused so many people to die from the bubonic plague? A. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge account for the continuous plague epidemics. B. The dead were buried without the usual prayers. C. Italy was constantly at war. D. The victims got large bruises or sores on the face.
Answer: A. Lack of sanitation and poor medical knowledge account for the continuous plague epidemics. (The phrase account for was your clue)
2. Below are the effects of the disease to the people except ________________. A. People get high fever, swollen glands, dark bruises or sores on the face. B. They experience spitting blood. C. Within five days a victim can die. D. Fleas from rats caused the spread of the disease.
Answer: D. Fleas from rats caused the spread of the disease. (The word caused was your clue)
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1 Directions: Connect the relationship between the pictures in column A with the sentences in column B. Why do you think the picture in column A happened? Choose the letter of the correct answer in Column B.
Directions: Read each paragraph and answer the questions after.
1. Lucia was a skilled and capable driver. She had driven all the way from Pampanga in her brand-new car without any problems. Suddenly, because she hit a long patch of frozen ice, she lost control and the car ended up in a ditch. As she climbed out, she realized that the car was demolished.
What was the cause of Lucia’s accident?
A. The car was new. B. The road was icy. C. She landed in a ditch. D. She was very tired from the long drive.
2. The simple sneeze is actually a complex reaction. The impulse to sneeze
comes from the irritation of a group of nerves in back of the eyes. When the signals reach the brain, the body takes a quick breath, then muscles contract violently. Finally, the sound “achoo!” comes out.
What is the initial cause of sneeze?
A. Eyes are irritated. B. Nerves are irritated. C. The brain is signalled. D. Muscles contract violently.
11 Activity 3
Directions: Write a short paragraph showing cause and effect about the global warming.
WRAP-UP
To wrap everything up that we have talked about in this lesson, let us
answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between cause and effect?
Directions: Fill in the chart below with appropriate cause or effect being asked. Pick the answer from the selection given.
CAUSE EFFECT They are predators. 1.
2. They bite into their prey easily.
3. They eat other animals.
4. So they are able to blend in to their
environment. 5. Polar bears are patient.
Polar bears hunt other animals because they
are predators. They can be very aggressive, or mean. Polar bears have large teeth so they use them to bite into their prey easily. Polar bears have long, sharp, claws. They use their claws to scratch their prey. Their claws are also used to climb or grip the ice. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty- Polar bears eat fish, seals, walruses, birds, and small free-vector/cartoon-polar-bear-isolated- on-ice-floe-vector-21358899 sea lions. Polar bears eat other animals because they are carnivores or meat eaters. Their white fur allows them to camouflage so they are able to blend in to their environment. This helps the polar bear to sneak up on their prey. Polar bears are patient because they wait many hours for their prey to surface to the water before they catch it.
13 14 https://www.HaveFunTeaching.com Copyright 2007 by Jill M. Leone https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/ewaszolek/cause-andeffectpowerpoint SELECTIONS References Pretest 1. I saw something run by my feet 2. My dad was in the room upset that he was awoken from his nap 3. He took off under the couch and into the kitchen. 4. My mom had seen my pet. 5. I put him back in his home and watched him play. Activity 1 1. B 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. D Activity 2 1. B 2. B. Post Test 1. Polar bears hunt other animals. 2. Polar bears have large teeth. 3. They are carnivores or meat eaters. 4. Their white fur allows them to camouflage. 5. They wait many hours for their prey to surface to the water before they catch it. KEY TO CORRECTION https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Browse/Search:cause%and%20effect %20paragraphs
