Home / CIE IGCSE Biology / Revision Notes / 7. Human Nutrition /
7.1 Diet
7.1 Diet
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Balanced Diet
A balanced diet consists of all of the food groups
in the correct proportions The necessary food groups are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins Minerals Dietary Fibre Water
Speci8c vitamin and mineral requirements:
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Causes & Effects of Vitamin &
Mineral DeMciencies
Effects of Malnutrition
Malnutrition is caused by not eating a balanced
diet There are different types of malnutrition depending on the cause of the imbalance They include: Starvation Coronary heart disease Constipation Obesity
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Protein Energy Malnutrition
In many countries in the world,
droughts, natural disasters, wars and a poor economy can lead to mass malnutrition in large areas of the country The two types of malnutrition most common in these situations are termed ‘protein energy malnutrition’ (PEM)and they are: Kwashiorkor – caused by a lack of protein in the diet, most common in children under 2. Often caused by poverty as high protein foods tend to be more expensive and scarcer. Children suffering from kwashiorkor are always underweight for their age but they often have a swollen abdomen as their diet may contain a lot of carbohydrate Marasmus – the most severe form of PEM, where there is a lack of both protein and energy in the diet. People suffering from this have a much lower body weight than normal and look emaciated
Dietary Needs of Different
Individuals
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1. CHARACTERISTICS & CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
3. MOVEMENT IN & OUT OF CELLS
4. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
5. ENZYMES
6. PLANT NUTRITION
7. HUMAN NUTRITION
7.1 Diet
7.2 Alimentary Canal
7.3 Mechanical Digestion
7.4 Chemical Digestion
7.5 Absorption
8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
10. DISEASES & IMMUNITY
11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
12. RESPIRATION
13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
14. COORDINATION & RESPONSE
15. DRUGS
16. REPRODUCTION
17. INHERITANCE
18. VARIATION & SELECTION
19. ORGANISMS & THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
20. BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC
ENGINEERING
21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON
ECOSYSTEMS
Author: Jenna Jenna studied at Cardiff University before training to become a science teacher at the University of Bath specialising in Biology (although she loves teaching all three sciences at GCSE level!). Teaching is her passion, and with 10 years experience teaching across a wide range of speci8cations – from GCSE and A Level Biology in the UK to IGCSE and IB Biology internationally – she knows what is required to pass those Biology exams.
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