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Functions in SQL

This document discusses user-defined functions (UDFs) in SQL Server. UDFs accept parameters, perform operations using those parameters, and return a result. There are two types: scalar-valued functions return a single value, while table-valued functions return a table that can be queried. UDFs offer advantages like execution within SELECT statements and acting as parameterized views, but also disadvantages like being called for each row potentially hampering performance. Limitations of UDFs include not supporting non-deterministic functions or dynamic SQL.

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Angad Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views

Functions in SQL

This document discusses user-defined functions (UDFs) in SQL Server. UDFs accept parameters, perform operations using those parameters, and return a result. There are two types: scalar-valued functions return a single value, while table-valued functions return a table that can be queried. UDFs offer advantages like execution within SELECT statements and acting as parameterized views, but also disadvantages like being called for each row potentially hampering performance. Limitations of UDFs include not supporting non-deterministic functions or dynamic SQL.

Uploaded by

Angad Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVE:

• SQL SERVER BATCH


• TEMPORARY TABLE/TABLE VARIABLE
• USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)
• STORED PROCEDURES
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

A user-defined function (UDF) in SQL Server is a


programming construct that
• accepts parameters,
• does work that typically makes use of the accepted
parameters, and
• returns a type of result.
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetSquare(Number01 INT)


RETURNS INT
CREATE

AS
RETURN Number01 * Number01;
GO
EXECUTE

SELECT dbo.fnGetSquare(5)
GO
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

Types of UDFs:
• Scalar-valued
-- accepts parameter(s) and, ultimately, returns a single, atomic
value.
• Table-valued
-- accepts parameter(s) and returns the result in the form of a
table.
This type of function is special because it returns a table that
one can query the results of and join with other tables.
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

Scalar-valued Function:

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetSquare(Number01 INT)


RETURNS INT
CREATE

AS
RETURN Number01 * Number01;
GO
EXECUTE

SELECT dbo.fnGetSquare(5)
GO
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)
Table-valued Function:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.udfProductInYear (@start_year INT, @end_year INT)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
SELECT [name],
[sellStartDate],
CREATE

[listprice]
FROM production.product
WHERE YEAR([SellStartDate]) BETWEEN @start_year AND @end_year;
GO
EXECUTE

SELECT * FROM dbo. udfProductInYear(2008, 2010)


GO
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)
Table-valued Function: (cont…)
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.udfProductInYear (@start_year INT, @end_year INT)
RETURNS @FinalTable TABLE ([Name] NVARCHAR(50), [SellStartDate] DATETIME, [ListPrice]
MONEY)
AS
INSERT INTO @FinalTable([Name], [SellStartDate], [ListPrice])
SELECT [Name],
[SellStartDate],
CREATE

[ListPrice]
FROM production.product
WHERE YEAR([SellStartDate]) BETWEEN @start_year AND @end_year;
RETURN;
GO
EXECUTE

SELECT * FROM dbo. udfProductInYear(2008, 2010)


GO
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

Advantages:
• Execution Within the SELECT Statement
• Execution from Various Parts of SQL Statements
• UDF Output Can Be Used as a Rowset
• UDFs as Parameterized Views
• Multi-Statement Functions: Alternatives to Stored Procedures
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

Disadvantages:

• UDFs are called for each row while used in SELECT statement.
Can hamper performance
USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS (UDF)

Limitations:
• No Use of Non-deterministic Built-in Functions such as GETDATE(),
RAND()
• Smaller Number of Parameters (1024 in comparison to 2100 of
Procedure)
• Cannot Execute Dynamic SQL
• Cannot Return XML
• Cannot Change SET Options
• Cannot Use Temporary Tables

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