Design and Fabrication of E-SLOT Microstrip Patch Antenna For WLAN Application

ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
ISSN (Print) 2319-5940
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2015
Design and Fabrication of E-SLOT Microstrip

Patch Antenna for WLAN Application
Shailander Singh Khangarot1, Gajendra sujediya2, Tejpal Jhajharia3, Abhishek Kumar4
M. Tech Scholar (Digital Communication), ECE Department, R.I.E.T. Jaipur, India1
Assistant Professor, ECE Department, R.I.E.T. Jaipur, India2,4
Assistant Professor, ECE Department Manipal University Jaipur, India3
Abstract: This paper presents design of E slot microstrip patch Antenna for WLAN Application. The design
requirements for the antennas include a VSWR < 2:1 for 50 Ω reference impedance and return loss is less than to -10
dB. The simulation of the proposed antenna is carried out using Ansoft HFSS. The E-slot microstrip patch antenna was
then fabricated using microstrip line feed arrangement and to be measured by vector network analyser (VNA) to carry
out its S11 and VSWR result. The design targets the WLAN IEEE 802.11 n frequency band (5.47 GHz) .An antenna is
designed on a GIL GML 1032 (tm) substrate with thickness of 0.762 mm, dielectric constant (εr) 3.2 & loss tangent
(tan δ) is 0.003. Proposed antenna has a compact size 29 × 24 mm2 .Simulated design is working from 5.39 GHz to
5.49 GHz whereas fabricated antenna is working from 5.38 GHz to 5.5 GHz which covers the WLAN frequency band.
The E-slot microstrip patch antenna has minimum simulated return loss is -23.574 dB at 5.44GHz whereas after
fabrication minimum achieved return loss is -24.007 dB at 5.43 GHz. Achieved simulated Bandwidth is 100 MHz
(1.83%) and after fabrication bandwidth increased and becomes 120 MHz (2.21%). Maximum simulated gain 6.49 dBi
is achieved with the proposed geometry. The serious limitation of this microstrip antenna is narrow bandwidth which is
few percent. The simulated 2-D and 3-D Radiation Pattern provides omnidirectional pattern. In this paper measured
return loss, VSWR, bandwidth percentage is compared to simulated results for better understanding. The proposed E-
slot microstrip patch antenna is very promising for various modern communication applications such as WLAN and in
C- band applications.
Keywords: WLAN, E-Slot, HFSS, VSWR, Return Loss, Radiation Pattern, IEEE.
I. INTRODUCTION
Micro strip antennas have recently received much thickness of 0.762 mm including copper thickness on both
attention and are used as efficient radiators in many sides. Its dielectric constant is (εr) 3.2 & loss tangent is
communication systems. The microstrip patch antenna is 0.003, it has very compact size of (Ls×Ws) 29×24 mm2. E-
chosen because of its several advantages i.e. it is slot microstrip patch antenna fed by a microstrip line is
lightweight, has small volume, low profile planar shown in Fig. 1, Rectangular shape patch is sliced from
configuration, ease of fabrication and conformity. substrate. Area consumed by rectangular patch (Lp×Wp) is
Compared to conventional antennas, microstrip patch 18×18.5 mm2. An alphabet E-slot is cut up from patch.
antennas have more advantages and better prospects. Dimension of E-slot (Le×We) is 12× 9 mm2. Size of
Moreover, the microstrip patch antennas can provide dual Central & side arm of E- slot (Lc× Wc) is 2 x 7 mm2.
and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation,
frequency agility, broad band-width, feed line flexibility.
The microstrip patch is generally square, rectangular,
circular, triangular and elliptical or some other common
shape. Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by two
methods contacting and non-contacting. The four most
popular feed techniques used are the microstrip line,
coaxial probe (both contacting schemes), aperture
coupling and proximity coupling (both non-contacting
schemes) [1, 2]. For microstrip path antenna three types of
methods of analysis are transmission line model, cavity
model, and full wave model. In this proposed design
transmission line model is used [1]. Fig. 1 Geometry of proposed microstrip-fed E-slot
antenna (Front view)
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
A Microstrip patch antenna in simplest form involves a Microstrip feed line is provide to this antenna. Dimensions
radiation patch on one side of thin dielectric substrate and of feed point (Lf×Wf) is 7.25×1.83 mm2. Feed is placed in
other side it have a ground plane. The proposed antenna is the centre of the geometry. Geometry of back side of the
designed on a GIL GML 1032 (tm) substrate with proposed antenna is same as substrate as shown in figure
Copyright to IJARCCE DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2015.4633 149


4.2.Ground dimensions are taken as (W gnd×Lgnd) is 29×24 Before cutting E-slot, firstly make a L-slot and evaluate all
mm2 . the results of it. After this process one thing found that it
was not working in desired frequency range, than cut a one
The patch and the ground plane are separated by a more slot, it becomes C-slot, after evaluate all the results
dielectric sheet. A dielectric is considered by two basic of this slot. Again find that it was also not working in
parameters; the dielectric constant (ɛr) and the loss tangent desired frequency range. Finally decides to make it E-slot.
(tan δ).Relative permittivity (εr) of dielectric is 2.2<ɛr<12 Fig.5 shows the dimensions of E-slot patch antenna from
and height h of the dielectric is usually 0.003 λo< h >0.05 different positions.
λo [3,4]. We have GIL GML 1032 (tm) as a substrate
because it is economical, high performance printed circuit
substrate. Its dielectric constant low and constant.it have
low insertion loss. Consider a Rectangular patch of Width
W and Length L over grounded substrates with the
thickness h and relative permittivity (ɛr). For a rectangular
patch, the length L of the Patch is usually 0.3 λo<L< 0.5
λo, where λo is the free-space wavelength. λ depends on 18.5
frequency of operation [1, 2].
Fig.5 Dimensions of proposed E-slot patch antenna

Table I : List of design parameters of Antenna
Fig. 2 Back view of proposed E-slot microstrip patch Parameters Value
antenna substrate thickness h 0.762mm
dielectric constant εr 3.2
loss tangent tan δ 0.003
substrate size (Ls×Ws) 29×24 mm2
patch size (Lp ×Wp) 18×18.5 mm2
E- slot size (Le×We) 12×9 mm2
central arm & side arm size of E- 2×7 mm2
slot (Lc ×Wc)
feed size (Lf×Wf) 7.25×1.83
mm2
ground size(Wgnd×Lgnd) 29 24 mm2
Fig. 3. Geometry of proposed microstrip-fed monopole frequency range 4 GHz – 7
antenna (Front View) GHz
step frequency 0.01 GHz
The actual design in Ansoft HFSS [7] is shown in fig. 3.
For the simulation purposes, the ground plane and III. SIMULATED AND FABRICATED RESULTS
microstrip are considered to be made up of pec (perfect The proposed design as shown in fig.1 has been simulated
electric conductor) chosen from the material library of the by using Ansoft simulation software High Frequency
HFSS. The required material for designing the antenna can Structural Simulator (HFSS) based on Finite Element
be uploaded from the HFSS material library Method (FEM) [7].
The results are very close to proposed design. It satisfying
the theoretical result. There is a good agreement between
theoretical and simulated result. The size of the ground
plane is considered same as substrate size.
All simulated results are discussed one by one below
(A) Return loss: After simulation minimum Return loss is

obtained -23.574 dB on 5.44 GHz.
Fig.4 Actual simulated design in HFSS


5.43 1.1592
5.44 1.1419
5.45 1.2376
5.46 1.3784
5.47 1.5407
5.48 1.7177
5.49 1.9059
It shows that the lower and upper operating frequency is

5.39 GHz and 5.49 GHz where the VSWR is less than 2. It
means VSWR is in acceptable range and satisfy the
Fig. 6 Simulated plot of return loss antenna design requirement.
(C) Current Distributions: It can be observed that the
Table II : Simulated return loss majority of the E field is concentrated around the central
Frequency in GHz Simulated Return loss arm of E-SLOT. Animated view during simulation shows
(S11) in dB that current firstly start with feed then it flows on surface
5.39 -10.815 of patch and finally maximum flows at central arm.
5.4 -12.631
5.41 -15.044
5.42 -18.364
5.43 -22.645
5.44 -23.574
5.45 -19.48
5.46 -15.967
5.47 -13.44
5.48 -11.565
5.49 -10.124 Fig.8. Simulated current distribution for the proposed E-
slot patch antenna at 5.5 GHz
By studying the table 2 it is clear that proposed antenna
provides the good result from 5.39 GHz to 5.49 GHz. All
the obtained results of return loss are below -10 dB.
(B) VSWR: for a microstrip patch antenna voltage

standing wave ratio should be below 2. It provides good
results below 2
Fig.9. Simulated current distribution at ground 5.5 GHz
Fig.7. Simulated result of VSWR for proposed antenna

Table III : Simulated VSWR
Frequency in GHz Simulated VSWR
5.39 1.8087
5.4 1.6096
5.41 1.4299 Fig.10. Simulated current density distribution for the
5.42 1.2746 proposed antenna at 5.4 GHz


(F) Bandwidth
As discussed in return loss and VSWR, bandwith of the
proposed antenna is varied from 5.39 GHz to 5.49 GHz.
Narrow bandwidth is received. It is 100 MHz approx.
1.83%.
(G) Fabrication
Proposed design of E-slot microstrip patch antenna
fabricated using the photolithographic technique. In this
method unwanted metal areas of the metallic layer are
removed through chemical etching process by which
Fig.11.Simulated magnetic field distribution for the
desired design is obtained. Before this process, select a
proposed antenna at 5.5 GHz
proper substrate material for the proposed antenna design.
(D) Radiation pattern A female SMA connector (brass metal) is connected in
antenna to join feed and ground. SMA abbreviated as sub
miniature version A, which provides electrical
performance to antenna. This connector offers low
reflections and constant 50 ohm impedance.
After fabrication process, all the parameters of proposed
antenna are measured using vector network analyser
(VNA). A VNA can measure return loss, VSWR etc.
Measured results are discussed one by one below.
Fig. 12. Simulated 2-D radiation pattern at 5.4 GHz
(E) Gain
Fig.15. Front view of the fabricated prototype E-slot patch

Antenna
Fig. 13. Simulated 3-D radiation pattern of the E-slot patch

antenna at 5.3 GHz
Fig.16. Back view of the fabricated prototype E-slot patch

antenna
(H) Return loss
Fig. 14. Simulated 3-D radiation pattern of the E-slot patch

antenna at 5.4 GHz
So as a result shown by 3-D radiation pattern plot it is

clear that omnidirectional pattern is received and the
maximum resulting gain approximately 6.49 dBi is
achieved. Fig.17. Diagram showing comparison between simulated
and measured return loss


Table IV : Measured return loss IV .CONCLUSION

Frequency in GHz Measured Return Design of E-slot microstrip patch antenna for WLAN
loss (S11) in dB application has been presented. It is simulated first and
5.38 -10.395 then successfully fabricated. The microstrip antenna
5.39 -11.506 resonates at 5.39 GHz to 5.49 GHz in simulated process
5.40 -14.585 and after fabrication it works in frequency range between
5.41 -16.63 5.38 GHz to 5.5 GHz. It provides a good return loss,
5.42 -19.035 which is -23.574 dB at 5.44 GHz in simulation process
5.43 -24.007 and after fabrication -24.007 at 5.43 GHz. At 5.47 GHz
5.44 -23.345 (WLAN IEEE 802.11 n [5,6] return loss is -13.292 dB).
5.45 -20.434 The obtained lowest VSWR of the microstrip antenna after
simulation is 1.1419 at 5.44 GHz and 1.1346 at 5.43 GHz.
5.46 -17.508
It have a simulated bandwidth is 1.83% and after
5.47 -13.292
fabrication its bandwidth is increased to 2.21 %.
5.48 -14.133
Maximum simulated gain is achieved 6.49 dBi. So, this
5.49 -10.452 antenna is useful in WLAN IEEE 802.11 n (5.47 GHz)
5.5 -10.712 [5,6] and C- band application. Its compact size reduces the
It shows that minimum return loss -24.007 and -23.345 is fabrication cost. We can say that this antenna can be used
obtained at 5.43 GHz and 5.44 GHz respectively in 5 GHz WLAN application. Future Efforts will focus to
obtain whole WLAN frequency band (5 to 6 GHz). Design
(I) VSWR a reconfigurable E-slot microstrip patch antenna can be an
objective of future work so it can work on dual frequency
band. Future work may focus to achieve WLAN IEEE
802.11 b and WLAN IEEE 802.11 g (2.4 GHz) frequency
band.
REFERENCES
[1] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” ISBN 978-
81-265-2422-8, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U.K., 2013.
[2] J. D. Kraus, R. J. Marhefka, A. S.Khan, “Antennas and Wave
Propagation”, ISBN 978-0-07-067155-3, McGraw Hill, India, 2014.
[3] Deepak Rana, Varun Punia, Surender Soni and Anuradha Sonker,
“Performance Modeling On Rectangular and E Shaped Patch
Antenna” IEEE Transactions on Advanced Communication Control
and Computing Technologies, p.p. 754 – 757, May 2014.
Fig. 18. Diagram showing comparison between [4] M. T. Sebastian, “Dielectric Materials for Wireless
Communications”, ISBN 978-0-08- 045330-9, Elsevier Publishers,
simulated and measured VSWR Oxford, U.K., 2008.
[5] Bob O‟ Hara, Al Petrick, “ IEEE 802.11 Handbook A Designers
companion”, ISBN 978-0-7381-4449-8, Willey, 2011
Table V : Measured VSWR [6] William Stalling, “ Wireless Communication and Networks”, ISBN
81-7808-560-7, Pearson, Singapore, 2002
Frequency in GHz Measured VSWR [7] Ansoft High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) User‟s
Manual.
5.38 1.866
BIOGRAPHIES
5.39 1.7243
S
5.4 1.4586 Shailander singh Khangarot S/O
5.41 1.3458 Devendra singh. He completed his
5.42 1.2516 B.Tech Degree in Electronics
5.43 1.1346 and Communication Engineering
from Rajasthan institute of
5.44 1.146 Engineering & Technology, Under
5.45 1.2103 Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
5.46 1.3074 in year 2010. Presently, he is pursuing M.Tech in the
field of Digital Communication. He has published Paper
5.47 1.5526
on ultra wideband Antenna in IETE National Conference
5.48 1.4891
on Future Trends in Communication Technologies at
5.49 1.8579
Manipal University Jaipur. He had attended various
5.5 1.8222 Workshops like Matlab & Simulink, Scientific
Computational Techniques.
Maximum VSWR of acceptable range is 1.866 obtained at
5.38 GHz and lowest VSWR 1.1346 is received at 5.43
GHz.


Gajendra Sujediya S/O Laduram

Sujediya He completed his B. Tech
Degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from Sri
Balaji College of Engineering in year
2005 and Master Degree in Digital
Communication from Sri Balaji
College of Engineering in year 2013,
Presently, he is working as Assistant Professor in
Electronic and Communication Department at Rajasthan
Institute of Engineering and Technology Jaipur. His area
of interests includes Digital Communication, Mobile
Communication and Wireless Communication. He has
more than 7 years Academic/Research experience. He is a
Life-Member of Indian Society of Technical Education
(ISTE) and The Institution of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). He has guided
several projects and dissertations in B. Tech and M. Tech
courses.
Tejpal Jhajharia S/o Manaram. He completed his B.E.

Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering
from Rajasthan university, in year 2004 and Master
Degree in From Malviya national institute of Technology
Jaipur, in year 2009. Presently, he is working as Assistant
Professor in Electronic and Communication Department at
Manipal University Jaipur, He is a Life-Member of The
Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineers (IETE). He has more than 8 years
Academic/Research experience.

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ISSN (Online) 2278-1021

ISSN (Print) 2319-5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering