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A modified E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for dual band in x- and

ku-bands applications
To cite this article: Wa’il A. Godaymi Al-Tumah et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1234 012028

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

A modified E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for dual band

in x- and ku-bands applications

Wa'il A. Godaymi Al-Tumah*, Raed M. Shaaban, and Zeki A. Ahmed

Physics Department, Science College, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq

*Corresponding author: Email: wail.godaymi@uobasrah.edu.iq

Abstract. In this paper, different shapes of an E-patch microstrip antenna designed and operating
at x- and ku-bands by using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software version 13.
The finite element method used to solve electromagnetic values. The dielectric substrate material
is Arlon AD320A (tm) with dielectric constant (εr = 3.2) and thickness h=1.79 mm used in this
design. The new designs including modifying and slotting E-patch increased the gain of proposed
antennas and provided a dual band frequency in x- and ku- bands. The return loss, voltage
standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiation patterns are evaluated.

Keywords. E-Shaped Microstrip Patch, Slot Antenna, x-band, Ku Band, Dual Band Antenna,
High Frequency Structure Simulator HFSS.

1. Introduction
Microstrip antennas (MSAs) have various unique properties which make them experienced increased
popularity since the last decade. Distinctive physical features like low cost, light weight, conformability,
low profile, relatively compact, mechanically robust and other desirable features have made MSAs an
attractive source for the researchers [1,2]. However, MSAs have narrow impedance bandwidth and low
gain which represent the major weakness of these antennas. The significant study work has been
presented till now many techniques for enhancing the bandwidth, increasing the gain and designing dual-
band antennas [3-6]. Some of these techniques are employing a parasitic patches and stacked microstrip
antennas to provide large bandwidth and high gain [7-10]. Also, the experimental study has been
designed a rectangular patch antenna which electromagnetically coupled with a two dielectric substrates
[11]. In 2007, Pedra et al. increased the bandwidth up to 32% using shorting pins and capacitive feeding
for E-shaped patch antenna [12]. In particular, multi-frequency or wideband operation obtained by using
various slotted which allowed reactively loaded and modified MSA structures. Different shape and size
of microstrip antennas with different feeding technique have been developed. These various feeding
mechanisms include coaxial, aperture coupled, offset feedings and the coupling slot which represents
the most popular feeding technique [13-17]. It is observed that the capacitive feeding technique that
obtained by etching a small circular slot on the patch can reduce the probe inductance to achieve 16%
bandwidth [18]. The experimental and simulation results have been studied the coaxially fed U-slot
rectangular patch antenna on a foam substrate to increase the bandwidth up to 30% [19]. Moreover, a

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

novel equivalent circuit model has been analyzed and designed for MSA with the defected ground
structure for Ku band applications. The results indicate that a 56.67% impedance bandwidth is achieved
[20]. Previous researches have addressed different shape and size of slots incorporated into E-shaped
MSAs for wideband applications. These various slots include two parallel slots and cutting a pair of
tapered slots [21-24]. Recently, researchers have been used a new E-shaped patch antenna to improve
through-wall radio tomographic imaging [25]. It was shown that the use of half structure techniques
leads to extend the two U-slot patches to the edges and produce the E-shaped patch for wideband
behavior. Additionally, this technique with shorting wall and pin of U-slot was applied to achieve dual
band and wideband [26]. The L-shaped probe feeding techniques, H-slot patch and two parallel slots (E-
shaped) of MSAs are investigated for increasing the impedance bandwidth [27].

2. Antenna Design
We have proposed new designs of E-patch MSAs with Arlon AD320A (tm) as a dielectric substrate
material as shown in figure 1. This substrate has dielectric constant (εr = 3.2) and its dimensions are
length (Ls=29mm), width (Ws=24mm) and thickness (h=1.79mm). The novelty of the antenna lies in its
shape and the observed features. They have been made with the help of two different shapes of triangle,
in addition to use circle and triangle slots. The version 13 of HFSS software was used to model these
proposed antennas with an aim to achieve wideband and dual frequency operation in x- and Ku-bands.
This achievement can be use in the aircraft, spacecraft and satellite based communication system
applications.
In the design process, the parameters involved are dimensions of the triangles and circle slots, length
and width of the patch and location of the feed point, as predicated in table 1.
The standard dimensions of rectangular MSA are design by calculating the width (W) and length (L) for
a resonant frequency (𝑓𝑜 ) in GHz as [28]:
𝑐 2 −1
𝑊= ×( ) (1)
2𝑓𝑜 𝜀𝑟 +1
𝑐 −1/2
𝐿= (𝜀 )
2𝑓𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑓
− 2∆𝐿 (2)
The values of effective dielectric constant (εeff ) and length extension have been calculated using:
ℎ −1/2
𝜀𝑟 +1 (𝜀𝑟 −1)(1+12 )
𝑤
𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 2
+ 2
(3)
−1 𝑤 𝑤
∆𝐿 = 0.41ℎ ((𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 + 0.3)(𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 0.258) ) ∗ (( ℎ + 0.264)( ℎ + 0.8)−1 ) (4)
where 𝑐 is the velocity of light. The dimensions of the ground plane are similar to the dielectric substrate
dimensions. The proposed antenna is excited by a coaxial probe feed at position (𝑥𝑓 = 0, 𝑦𝑓 = 3.5𝑚𝑚).

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
Figure 1. Designs of proposed E-patch microstrip antennas.

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

Table 1. Dimensions of the variables as shown in figure 1.

Label Dimension
(mm)
𝑡𝑥 5.0
𝑡𝑦 3.0
𝐿𝑥 12.0
𝐿𝑦 16.0
𝑅 1.8
𝐿1 4.0
𝐿2 4.5
𝐿3 2.5
𝐿4 7.0
𝐿5 5.5
𝐿6 3.0
𝐿7 2.0

3. Results and Discussion

The proposed antennas in figure 1 are simulated by using Ansoft HFSS version 13, which based on the
finite element method as a numerical analysis. The best performance of an antenna depends on the value
of return loss (S11) and its value should be less than -10 dB. Figure 2 shows the comparison between
the simulated S11 of the proposed antennas. This parameter values are between -15.7 dB and -46.5 dB,
which make these antennas to be suitable for wireless communication application. Figure 3 shows
VSWR for the proposed antennas. It can be concluded from this figure that the values of VSWR between
(1.009 – 1.38). Therefore, the proposed antennas can be fabricated easily.

Figure 2. S11 plots of the proposed antennas.

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

Figure 3. Plots of VSWR the proposed antennas.

Table 2 illustrates the values of resonant frequency, return loss, bandwidth, directivity and gain for the
proposed antennas. The results of these parameters remain comparable also the little modified in the E-
patch may be attributed to get the best values of these parameters. The proposed antennas in figure 1a,
1b, 1c and 1e have dual band frequency. This table illustrates that the proposed antenna in figure 1b has
the maximum gain (7.48 dB) with return loss (-27.2 dB) and it has the highest value of directivity (7.53
dB) at resonant frequency 17.7 GHz. While the best value of S11 is -46.5 dB for the proposed antenna
in figure 1d.

Table 2.Parameters values of the proposed antennas as shown in figure 1.

Figure Operating frequency S11 Bandwidth Directivity Gain
(GHz) (dB) (%) (dB) (dB)
st
1 2nd 1st 2nd 1 st
2nd 1 st
2nd 1st 2nd
Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band
1𝑎 12.98 16.94 -24.5 -22.7 24 15 6.90 3.80 6.80 3.72
1b 11.40 17.70 -30.5 -27.2 16 8.5 4.41 7.53 3.80 7.48
1c 10.90 16.40 -33.8 -15.7 14 9 3.14 7.45 3.14 7.38
1d 14.90 ------ -46.5 ------ 43 ------ 6.69 ------ 6.64 ------
1e 11.30 16.00 -40.8 -18.3 31 13 3.92 6.20 3.80 6.14
1f 15.10 ------ -39.2 -39.2 41 ------ 4.55 ------ 4.49 ------

The radiation patterns of the proposed antennas in three dimensions are simulated in the far field region,
as shown in figure 4. This figure shows that the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna in figure 1b
has only one main lobe whereas the side lobes are minimized. Figure 1b represents the optimum radiation
pattern of the proposed antennas.

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
Figure 4. Radiation patterns for the proposed antennas in figure 1.

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

4. Conclusions
In this article, E-shaped MSAs were designed and simulated and their operating frequencies are in the
X- and Ku-bands. The proposed antennas provide useful frequency, dual band and good radiation
characteristics in terms of radiation patterns. The simulated results of a maximum gain and directivity
are 7.48 dB and 7.53 dB, respectively, while the best value of S11 is -46.5 dB. These parameters are
relatively good and can be improved by making an array of the proposed antennas. The simulated result
values of return loss are between -15.7 dB and -46.5 dB, while the values of VSWR are between 1.009
and 1.38.Therefore, these results make proposed antennas to be suitable for radar, satellite and wireless
communication application and can be fabricated easily.

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The 1st International Scientific Conference on Pure Science IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234 (2019) 012028 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012028

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