Rectangular Tank

2.
RECTANGULAR TANKS
2.1 Moment Coefficients for Individual Wall Panels - Moment
coefficients for individual panels considered fixed along vertical edges but
having different edge conditions at top and bottom are given in Tables 1
to 3. In arriving at these moments, the slabs. have been assumed to act
as thin plates under the various edge conditions indicated below:
Table 1 Top hinged, bottom hinged
Table 2 Top free, bottom hinged
Table 3 Top free, bottom fixed
2.1.1 Conditions in Table 3 are applicable to cases in which wall slab,
counterfort and base slab are all built integrally.
2.1.2 Moment coefficients for uniform load on rectangular plates hinged
at all four sides are given in Table 4. This table may he found useful in
designing cover slabs and bottom slabs for rectangular tanks with one cell.
If the cover slab is made continuous over intermediate supports, the design
may be made in accordance with procedure for slabs supported on four
sides ( see Appendix C of IS : 456-1964* ).
2.2 Moment Coefficients for Rectangular Tasks - The coefficients
for individual panels with hxed side edges apply without modification to
continuous walls provided there is no rotation about the vertical edges. In
a square tank, therefore, moment coetlicients may be taken direct from
Tables 1 to 3. In a rectangular tank, however, an adjustment has to be
made in a manner similar to the modification of fixed end moments in a
frame analysed by the method of moment distribution. In this procedure
the common side edge of two adjacent panels is first considered artificially
restrained so that o rotation can take place about the edge.
Y-?i
Fixed edge
moments taken fro Tables 1, 2 or 3 are usually dissimilar in adjacent
panels and the differences, which correspond to unbalanced moments, tend
to rotate the edge. When the artificial restraint is removed they will induce
additional moments in the panels. The final end moments may be obtained
by adding induced moments and the fixed end moments at the edge. These
final end moments should be identical on either side of the common edge.
2.2.1 The application of moment distribution to the case of continuous
tank walls is not as simple as that of the framed structures, because in the
*Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( S&O& r&.&n ).
5
former case the moments should be distributed simultaneously all along
the entire length of the side edge so ‘that moments become equal at both
‘sides at any point of the edge. A simplified approximation would be di+
tribution of’moments at five-points, namely, the quarter-points, the midpoint
and the bottom. The end moments in the two intersecting slabs
may be made identical at these five-points and moments at interior points
adjusted accordingly.
2.2.1.1 The moment coefficients computed in the manner described are
tabulated in Tables 5 and 6 for top and bottom edge conditions as shown
for single-cell tanks with a large number of ratios of b/a and c/a, b being
the larger and c the smaller of the horizontal tank dimensions.
2.2.2 When a tank is built underground, the walls’should be investigated
for both internal and external pressure. This may be due to earth pressure
or to a combination of earth and ground water pressure. Tables 1 to 6
may be applied in the case of pressure from either side but the signs will
be opposite. In the case of external pressure, the actual load distribution
may not necessarily be triangular, as assumed in Tables 1 to 6. For example,
in case of a tank built below ground with earth covering the roof slab,
there will be a trapezoidal distribution of lateral earth pressure on the walls.
In this case it gives a fairly good approximation to substitute a triangle with
same area as the trapezoid representing the actual load distribution.
The intensity of load is the same at mid-depth in both cases, and when the
wall is supported at both top and bottom edge, the discrepancy between the
the triangle and the trapezoid will have relatively little effect at and near
the supported edges. Alternatively, to be more accurate, the coefficients
of moments and forces for rectangular and triangular distribution of
load may be added to get the final results.
2.3 Shear Coefficients -The values of shear force along the edge of a
, tank wall would be required for investigation of diagonal tension and bond
stresses. Along vertical edges, the shear in one wall will cause axial tension
in the adjacent wall and should be combined with the bending moment
for the purpose of determining the tensile reinforcement.
2.3.1 Shear coefficients for a wall panel ( of width b, height a and subjected
to hydrostatic pressure due to a liquid of density w ) considered fixed
at the two vertical edges and assumed hinged at top and bottom edges are
given in Fig. 1 and Table 7.
2.3.2 Shear coefficients for the same wall panel considered fixed at the
two vertical edges and assumed hinged at the bottom but free at top edge
are given in Fig. 2 and Table 8.
2.3.3 It would be evident from Table 7, that the difference between the
shear for b/u = 2 and infinity is so small that there is no necessity for corn-
Puting coefficients for intermediate values. When b/a is large, a vertical strip of
the slab near the mid-point of the b-dimension will behave essentially 6
IS : 3370 ( Part IV ) - 1967
as a simply supported one-way slab. The total pressure on a strip of unit
height is 0.5 wa2 ofwhich two-thirds, or 0.33 was is the reaction at the bottom
support and one-thirds, or 0.17 ma2, is the reaction at the top. It may be
seen from Table 17 that the shear at mid-point of the bottom edge is
O-329 was for b/a = 2-0, the coefficient being very close to that of
l/3 for infinity. In other words, the maximum bottom shear is practitally
constant for all values of b/a greater than 2. This is correct only
when the top edge is supported, not when it is free.
2.3.3.1 At the corner the shear at the bottom edge is negative and is
numerically greater than the shear at the mid-point. The change from
positive to negative shear occurs approximately at the outer tenth-points
of the bottom edge. These high negative values at the corners arise from the
fact that deformatrons in the planes of the supporting slabs are neglected
in the basic equations and are, therefore, of ‘only theoretical significance,

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