DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PALI

SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CLASS: XI
CHAPTER:3(PROSE)
 Biography: A. R. Williams

 A.R. Williams developed a love for reading at a very

young age and in the fourth grade, when an
assignment to write their own works of fiction was
given, it occurred to him that he too could craft tales
for others to enjoy.
 Although A.R. did not pursue this desire right away,
he continued to have a voracious appetite for
reading from the amazing comics of Spider-Man, The
X-Men, and Elf Quest, to the fantasy stories of Weiss
and Hickman in the "Dragon lance Chronicles", and
the science fiction adventures of Miles and Aral
Vorkosigan in Lois McMaster Buford's stories about
Barrayar.
 During a membership in a book club, A.R. discovered
that there were books dedicated to teaching
amateur writers more about the craft of writing. He
started putting that knowledge to the test, crafting
stories of the imagination in science fiction and
fantasy genres.
 Introduction of the Lesson

 Written by A.R. Williams, this chapter is about

the last heir of the powerful Pharaoh Dynasty,
Tutankhamen, who died when he was a
teenager after ruling for nine years. He died in a
mysterious way, this chapter throws light over
all the possible mysteries – the curse, where his
tomb lies, his life and ultimately death.
Egyptians believe that there is life after death
and that is the reason why the Pharaohs were
buried with wealth and everyday use items.
 Tutankhamen
 Tutankhamen (c. 1342 – c. 1325 BC), was an ancient
Egyptian pharaoh who was the last of his royal family
to rule during the end of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 1334
– 1325 BC) during the New Kingdom of Egyptian
history. His father was the pharaoh Akhenaton,
believed to be the mummy found in the tomb KV55.
 The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter of
Tutankhamen's nearly intact tomb, in excavations
funded by Lord Carnarvon, received worldwide press
coverage. With over 5,000 artifacts, it sparked a
renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which
Tutankhamen's mask, now in the Egyptian Museum,
remains a popular symbol. The deaths of a few involved
in the discovery of Tutankhamen's mummy have been
popularly attributed to the curse of the pharaohs. He
has, since the discovery of his intact tomb, been
referred to colloquially as "King Tut".
Tutankhamen
 Word-Meanings
 Heir – Inheritor, successor  Casket grey – It means that the grey clouds
 Laden – loaded were like a grey coloured casket which
 Speculated- form a theory without contained the stars. The stars are like jewels
evidence
which are kept in a casket.
 Tomb- an enclosure to bury the dead
 Glided – quite, continuous motion
 Forensic Reconstruction – the process of
recreating the face of an individual  Probe – to investigate, find out
 Pharaoh- a ruler in ancient Egypt  Lingering – long-lasting
 Stirred – move or cause to move slightly  Descended – moved or gathered
 Ghostly – eerie and unnatural; unreal  Cramped – very small to fit into
 Resting place- here, the grave  Rock-cut - made in a rock by cutting it
 Cemetery- a large burial ground  Gazed – to look in surprise or in admiration
 Dark-bellied – dark in colour
 Murals – a painting or other artwork
 across – moving quickly; it refers to the
movement of the dark-bellied clouds executed directly on the wall
 Veiling – to cover something  Gilded – covered with a thin sheet or
 Casket- a small ornamental box or chest for coating of gold
holding jewels, letters, or other valued  Striking- prominent
objects.  Whisper- to speak in a low voice
 Word-Meanings
 Pondering – think about something  Shroud – a length of cloth in which a dead
carefully person is wrapped
 Futile – pointless; incapable of producing  Adorned – decorated
the result of something  Garlands of willow – a wreath of flowers
 Hastily – fast; swiftly and leaves
 Ransacked – raid; go through a place to  Mummy- a body of a human being or
steal or damage something animal that has been ceremonially
 Antiquity – age, oldness preserved by removal of the internal
 Resurrection – restoration to life organs, treatment with Natron and resin,
 Afterlife- life after death, based on the and wrapping in bandages.
belief that the essential part of an  Ritual - here, the resins used in the
individual's identity continues to the next ceremony of mummification
life after the death of the physical body  Resins – a sticky flammable substance that
 Funerary Treasures – the valuable things is insoluble in water
with which the king was buried  Legitimate - reasonable Blazing – very hot
 three nested coffin- three coffins placed  Budged – moved or shifted; a slight
one in another in order of decreasing size. movement
The innermost coffin houses the body of  Chiselled away – to cut something with a
the deceased. chisel

 Word-Meanings
 Circumvented – find a way around;  Intriguing – to arouse one’s curiosity
thieves would have found a way to  Startling – unexpected or surprising
tackle the guards and remove the gold  Computed Tomography – Also called a
from the tomb CT scan, it is a three-dimensional scan
 Inlaid - a decorative pattern on a surface of a body with the help of hundreds of
 Amulet - an ornament or small piece of X-Rays in cross-section together
jewellery thought to give protection  Demise - death rattle - the gurgling
against evil, danger, or disease. sound produced in the throat of a
 Apron - a protective garment worn over person who is about to die
the front of one's clothes and tied at the  Aftermath – after-effects of an
back. unpleasant event
 Sheaths – a close-fitting cover  Wacky –amusing in a slightly odd way
 Iconic - something or someone who is a  Eerie detail – strange image of Tut’s
symbol or it represents some other thing head as visible with the help of CT scan
 Adornments – ornaments  Forensics – the application of the
 Concealed- hid scientific method to investigate a crime
 Intervening – occur in the time between
events
 Word-Meanings

 Anatomy – the branch of  Sprinted – ran at a high speed

science which deals with the  Orion — the constellation
bodily structure of humans, that the ancient Egyptians
animals or other living beings knew as the soul of Osiris, the
 Burial – burying the dead god of the afterlife —
 Shrine – holy place watching over the boy king.
 Pallbearers – a person who  Astonishing – amazing
helps to escort a coffin at a  Pixels - a pixel is a single point
funeral in a graphic image
 Swirling – to spin or twist  Spun – to turn around
 Hydraulic lift – a lift that uses a
 Vertebrae – series of small
machine to lift or move heavy bones which form a backbone
objects with a pressure
 Summary
 Discovering Tut: the Saga Continues is a chapter which gives us an in-depth insight
of Tutankhamun, the last ruler of the powerful Pharaoh Dynasty in Egypt. He was a
teenager when he died and his death was a mystery. Some speculated that he was
murdered. He ruled in Egypt and its empire for centuries. In 1922, his tomb was
discovered by Howard Carter, a British Archaeologist. After 80 years, he was taken
from his resting place for CT scan which offers to solve the mystery of his life and
death by creating a forensic reconstruction.
 Tut’s father or grandfather, Amenhotep III, was a very powerful Pharaoh who ruled
over a period of forty years. His son, Amenhotep IV, thrived him and began the
strangest period in the history of Egypt. He promoted the worship of Aten (the sun
disk). He changed his name to Akhenaten meaning servant of the Atens. He also
moved the religious capital from Thebes to the new city of Akhenaten, called
Amarna. Further, he attacked Amun, a god, smashed his images and closed his
temples. Another mysterious ruler succeeded him who died soon. Next,
Tutankhamun, also known as Tut, sat on the throne and ruled for nine years. He
worshipped god Amun in the old ways. However, he died mysteriously.
 When Tut’s mummified body was discovered, he was laid with lots of gold, wealth
and everyday items like a bronze razor, games, clothes, cases of food and wine.
Carter discovered him after searching for many years. After researching on the
treasures, he decided to investigate his three nested coffins. Some parts of the Tut’s
treasures in the tomb were already looted.
 Summary
 His tomb was rock-cut, 26 feet underground, which had wall paintings. On the
outer coffin, Tut’s face was gilded. In the first coffin, he found the garlands of olives,
lotus petals, and cornflowers. It showed that he was buried in the months of March
or April. The third and final coffin put Carter into trouble. The resins used to cement
Tut to the bottom of the solid gold coffin was hardened enough making it
impossible to move. He put the coffin in the sun for several hours in hope for the
resins to loosen up but it didn’t work. Finally, he removed the resins with the help
of chisel and hammer. Carter felt he didn’t have any other choice as to if he hadn’t
cut the mummy from limb to limb, thieves would have looted the gold. His men
first removed his head, then they cut off every joint. After removing the body parts,
they placed it on the layer of sand in a wooden box and put it at the original place.
 In 1968, the mummy was X-rayed by an anatomy professor, revealed few facts – his
breast bone and front ribs were missing.
 Later, on January 05 2009, Tut was taken for CT (Computed Tomography) scan which
takes hundreds of X-Rays and creates a three-dimensional image. The night of the
scan, the workmen carried his body from the tomb in a box. They climbed ramp and
stairs and lifted it on a hydraulic trailer that held the scanner. The scanner stopped
working which paused the procedure. After using a pair of spare fans, the scan was
finally done. After three-hours, his body was taken back to his tomb where his body
is resting in peace.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
Understanding the Text
1. Give reasons for the following.
(i) King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny.
Ans: King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny because of his
history, his treasures which he was buried with and to know the reason behind
his death.
(ii) Howard Carter’s investigation was resented.
Ans: Howard Carter’s investigation was resented because of his unscientific
methods to cut off his body from the tomb. He also focused more on Tut’s
wealth and less on to solve the mystery of Tut’s life and death.
(iii) Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
Ans: Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains
because the body was cemented to the bottom of the solid gold coffin as the
resins had hardened. No force could move the body away and keeping the
body in the sun, under 149 degrees Fahrenheit also did not help.
(iv) Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures.
Ans: Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures as the ancient Egyptian
royals were extremely wealthy. They also believed that the royalty would take
all the treasures with them in their afterlife.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
(v) The boy king changed his name from Tutankhamen to Tutankhamen.
Ans: Tutankhamen means ‘Living image of Amen’. Amen was a major god of ancient Egypt.
Amenhotep III smashed and closed his temples, later Tut restored his temples and beliefs
back in his empire. That is why he changed his name from Tutankhamen to Tutankhamen to
choose his belief in the God.
2. (i) List the deeds that led Ray Johnson to describe Akhenaton as “wacky”.
Ans: According to Ray Johnson, the Akhenaton was wacky because of the following reasons:
 He smashed and closed Amen's images.
 He worshipped Aten, sun’s disk
 He moved the religious capital from the city of Thebes to the new city of Akhenaton, called
Amarn
 He changed his name to Akhenaton
(ii) What were the results of the CT scan?
Ans: The results of the CT scan were astonishing which was 1700 digital X-rays cross-sectioning
each other to make a three-dimensional image. A grey head appeared and his vertebrae
were shown. The images of the hand, ribcage, and skull were shown which were so clear.
(iii) List the advances in technology that have improved forensic analysis.
Ans: With the advancement in technology, it has been made possible for many scientific tests to
be carried out in a more accurate way to determine the cause of a crime. X-Ray, CT scan, Post
mortem, biopsy, and autopsy are now possible.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
(iv) Explain the statement, “King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned — in death, as in life...”
Ans: Tut’s mummy was the first one to be X-rayed in 1968 and later, in 2005, the first to be scanned
through Computing Tomography (CT). CT scan revealed new three dimensional images of his body
which answered many questions.
Talking about the Text
Discuss the following in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
1. Scientific intervention is necessary to unearth buried mysteries.
Ans: For: To understand the mysteries and history of the past, it is necessary to unearth certain buried
mysteries. It can help get the answers to the questions and gives us an idea about past lives and
how they used to live. Example – the scientific intervention of Indus Civilization.
Against: There is no doubt that scientific intervention can be useful but it exploits with the valuable
assets of the buried. We can utilize the money involved in the investigation of the mummies to help
develop the resources.
2. Advanced technology gives us conclusive evidence of past events.
Ans: For: With the advanced technology, it helps us to know about the past and those who were
involved. Such as through CT scan, it was possible to get an idea about King Tut and his body. It
helped solve mysteries about death. It provides data for forensic reconstruction and satellite
images help find burial sites. Through different software, date and time of an event occurred in the
past can be calculated.
Against: After CT scan result images of Tut, still, no conclusion could be drawn. Instead of focusing
and using the time and money on past events, the government should focus on the present and
future.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)

3. Traditions, rituals and funerary practices must be respected.

Ans: For: Every religion has its own tradition, rituals and funerary practices which must be
respected. It should not be disturbed as Carter did with King Tut’s tomb.
Against: There are many speculations made for ancient history, traditions, rituals and
funerary practices which should be cleared in order to know the truth. The people living
in modern time should follow anything which can danger their lives or make the conflict
between communities.
4. Knowledge about the past is useful to complete our knowledge of the world we live in.
Ans: For: Knowledge of past events and important personalities help us understand where
our roots are from. It helps us to know how our modern world was formed gradually.
From past experiences and lessons, we learn not to commit the same mistake or we are
gradually more alert. Knowing about King Tut’s life and getting answers to the questions
helped us understand Pharaoh Dynasty and the Egypt Empire.
Against: Always digging the past doesn’t help as it only wastes the time and resources.
No one can change the past and we cannot change what already has happened. So, we
should focus on what present and future will bring for us and we must work to make our
tomorrow better. Ranting about what happened yesterday cannot help us.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
Thinking about Language
2. What do you think are the reasons for the extinction of languages?
Ans: A language can become extinct due to many reasons. If the world adapts with
technology and advancement, they make changes accordingly. Example, the Sanskrit
language cannot be seen used on a daily basis by people. However, in ancient times, it
was a language used both verbally and in writing. Also, if some level of restrictions is
imposed on a certain class of people not to use a language. It can become extinct
gradually.
3. Do you think it is important to preserve languages?
Ans: Yes, it is very important to preserve languages as it helps us to understand our culture
and traditions. It helps in cultural development and it helps us to connect with the
important past events. It gives us knowledge about literature and the history of the
language.
4. In what ways do you think we could help prevent the extinction of languages and
dialects?
Ans: We could help prevent the extinction of languages and dialects in the following ways:
1. By including the teaching of languages and dialects in school and college curriculums
2. By promoting the use of language and dialects verbally.
3. By conducting seminars and plays to pass the knowledge of the languages and dialects
to normal people.
4. By inviting people to take a few months course about learning languages and dialects.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
Working with Words
1. Given below are some interesting combinations of words. Explain why they have
been used together.
Ans: (i) ghostly dust devils – It refers to the anger of the dusty winds by frightful
movements on those people who tries to disturb the king.
(ii) desert sky – it refers to the dusky sky of the desert.
(iii) stunning artifacts – It refers to the beautiful items which were found in the
tomb.
(iv) funerary treasures – the gold items which were kept while burying the king
because Egyptians believed that there is an afterlife.
(v) scientific detachment – it refers to the indifference towards science.
(vi) dark-bellied clouds – dark clouds containing rain
(vii) casket grey – It refers to the stars were covered by dark-bellied clouds the
way jewels are kept in a casket box
(viii) eternal brilliance – it refers to the timeless luster and shine of the gold and
other valuable items of the king
(ix) ritual resins – it is a customary duty in the process of burying a dead body
(x) virtual body – three dimensional body created by CT scan.
 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(TEXT)
Ans. CT scan - It is a three-dimensional scan of a body with the help of hundreds
of X-Ray in cross-section together
MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a medical examination by the help of
strong magnetic field and radio waves to create a detailed image of the organs
of the body
Tomography – a technique used to display a cross-section of a human body
using hundreds of X-rays or ultrasound
Autopsy – a post mortem examination used to discover the cause of death of
the dead person
Dialysis – the process of purification of blood with the help of a machine which
works as a substitute for kidney
ECG – Also known as Electrocardiography, it is a process to test the signs of
heart disease by recording the electrical activity through small electrodes
attached to the chest, arms and legs
Post Mortem – an examination of a dead body to know the cause of the death
Angiography – radiography of blood or lymph vessels
Biopsy – examination of tissue removed from a living being to know the reason
for the disease
 Additional Questions
Short Answer Type
1. Who was Howard Carter? What was his discovery?
A:Howard Carter was the British archaeologist who discovered the
tomb of Egypt’s boy pharaoh Tutankhamen in 1922.
2. What were the various methods employed by Howard Carter in
1922 to separate Tut from his coffins?
A:Tut’s mummy was put in the scorching desert sun by Carter in order
to soften the resins which had fixed the body to the coffin. When
this failed, he cut the body into pieces to bring it out of the coffin.
3. What problem did Carter face when he reached the mummy of King
Tut? How did he find a way out?
A:King Tut’s mummy was stuck to the bottom of the coffin because
the resins had melted and hardened Carter decided to chisel the
hardened resin from beneath the mummy.
 Additional Questions
4. Why was King Tut’s coffin put in hot sun?
A: The resins used in the funeral rites of King Tut had dried and hardened and
the body was stuck to the coffin’s base. Carter ordered the coffin to be put
in the sun hoping to melt and loosen the resins. Even with 149 degrees
Fahrenheit, the resins did not soften.
5. Carter had to take a drastic decision regarding the mummy. What was it?
How did he justify it?
A: The hard decision that carter had to take was to chisel away the hardened
resins from under Tut’s body. This could damage the skeleton. The workers
had to remove Tut’s head and sever nearly all the joints. Carter’s
justification was that if he hadn’t cut the mummy free, thieves would have
ripped it apart to get the gold.
6. Why did king Tut’s mummy have to undergo CT scan?
A: Tut’s body was scanned to get clues about his life and death. There has
been speculation about the manner of his death. Since he was only
nineteen years old natural death was unlikely. Murder was a possibility.
 Additional Questions
7. How was king Tut’s mummy scanned by the portable CT scanner?
A:King Tut’s mummy was scanned on 5 January 2005. It was a historic
archaeological event. The mummy was brought out of the burial
chamber at 6 p.m. for about three hours and a CT scan was carried
out.
8. Why was Tut’s mummy scanned after so many years?
A: CT scan is a technological advancement used by modern
archaeologists. It takes hundreds of X-rays to create a virtual body.
CT scan was done on Tut’s body to solve the mysteries of the
manner of his death and of his age at the time of his death.
9. “King Tut’s body had been subjected to repeated scrutiny”. Why?
A: King Tut’s body and burial chamber were found intact. The
archaeologists hoped to discover many truths about King Tut and
Egypt of his time. Therefore, they investigated them repeatedly.
 Additional Questions
10. Why was Tutankhamen's body buried with gilded treasures and
precious things?
A: Because the Egyptians believed King Tut would need those things in his
life after death.
11. List some adornments on Tut’s body. Why had the adornments been
buried along with the body?
A: Stunning gold objects of great beauty like precious collars, inlaid
necklaces, bracelets, rings, amulet, all things needed by the King in his
afterlife, board games, linen undergarments, cases of food and drink.
Egyptians believed that the king would need these articles in his life
after death.
12. What were the contents of ‘the richest royal collection ever found’?
A: Stunning gold objects of great beauty like precious collars, inlaid
necklaces, bracelets, rings, amulets, all things needed by the King in his
afterlife, board games, linen undergarments, cases of food and drink.
 Additional Questions
13. What did the CT Scan of Tut’s mummy reveal?
A:The CT scan revealed a scattering of pixels as the technician spun
and tilted the scanner. It revealed a grey head, the neck vertebrae,
a hand, several views of his rib cage and a transaction of the skull.
14. What were the funerary treasures found in the pharaoh’s tomb?
A: Three nested coffins, shroud with garlands of willow and olive
leaves, wild celery, lotus petals and cornflowers show that the
burial took place in March or April. Golden artifacts and things of
every-day use were kept in the burial chamber.
15. Describe the interior of King Tut’s rock cut tomb.
A:The interior of the rock-cut tomb which was 26 feet underground
was lined with murals on the walls of the burial chamber. The
outer coffin lid was mummy-shaped and the top cover consisted of
a gilded face of King Tut.
 Additional Questions
16. Why did the boy king change his name from Tutankhaten to
Tutankhamen?
A: Tutankhamen means the living image of Amun. Tut took this name
because he wanted to restore the old ways which had been changed by his
father.
17. Why has Amenhotep IV reign been described as one of the strangest
periods in ‘the history of ancient Egypt’?
A: Amenhotep IV promoted the worship of Aten, the sun disk, and attacked
Amun, a major god, smashing his images and closing his temples. He also
shifted the religious capital from the old city of Thebes to the new city of
Akhenaton, known as Amarna.
18. What do you know about the reign of King Tut?
A: Tut ascended after Smenkhkare. Tut was very young. He called himself
Tutankhamen. He restored old ways, and ruled for 9 years. He died
suddenly.
 Additional Questions
19. Explain the statement, “King Tut… in death as in life, moving regally
ahead of his countrymen”.
A: In life, a great king. In death, also a leader, because his was the first
mummy to be scanned. In life he restored old ways, old religion.
20. What advancements have taken place in archaeology since 1922?
A: Since 1922, the focus of architecture has changed from focusing less on
the treasure to more on the fascinating details of life and the mysteries of
death. These advances also use more sophisticated tools, including
medical technology.
21. Describe how the CT scan of King Tut’s mummy was carried out on 5th
January 2005.
A: The purpose of the scan was to probe the lingering medical mysteries
about Tut’s death. The scanner would make images of Tut’s body using
thousands of X-ray pictures to create a three-dimensional virtual body. It
could answer two very important questions—How did he die? How old
was he when he died?
 Additional Questions
Long Answer Type
1. Do you think Carter was justified in removing the hardened ritual resin deposits on Tut’s mummy? Why/
Why not?
A: Carter was investigating the tomb of King Tut in 1922. Amazingly, the tomb’s contents were in fact in
spite of having been ransacked in antiquity. Carter found king Tut’s Mummy in three nested coffins, the
most important find of all. To Carter’s dismay he found he could not study the mummy as it was stuck to
the bottom of the coffin due the hardening of the funerary raisins Carter tried ‘legitimate force’ but
could not dislodge the mummy from its these in the coffin.
So he cut the mummy in several parts, removed its head and severed almost all the joints. Carter’s
action was highly condemnable as he nearly destroyed the mummy. His defense was that if not be
robbers and vandals would have done the same. Historians, however, have not forgiven Carter for this
disfigurement.
2. “The mummy is in very bad condition because of what Carter did in the 1920s,” said Zahi Hawaas, the
expert on Egyptian antiquity. How far is the statement true? Discuss.
A: The above statement is partially true. Carter easily opened two of the three nested coffins and
established the time of burial by the presence of lotus petals and dried cornflowers. In the third coffin,
the ritual resins had hardened, cementing the body to the bottom of the coffin. Placing the coffin in 149
degrees temperature was of no avail. Thus Carter cut the mummy free.
To separate Tut from the ornaments he was covered with, Carter’s men severed the head and every
major joint. They had reassembled them on a layer of sand and laid it back in a padded box, concealing
the damage. Had thieves reached there ahead of Carter, they would have circumvented the guards and
ripped apart the mummy to take away the gold. Also, archaeology in those times lacked sophisticated
tools. Thus Carter’s actions were dictated by circumstances and not willful destruction.
 Additional Questions
3. Who was King Tut? What do you know about him?
A: King Tut was the last heir of a powerful family that ruled Egypt for centuries. His funeral was the death
rattle of a dynasty. Though his death remains a mystery, his funeral, even by royal standards, was a big
event. His father or grandfather Amenhotep III was a powerful ruler, the son, King Amenhotep IV was an
eccentric personality who initiated one of the strangest periods of Egyptian history.
After his death, a mysterious ruler Smenkhkare, succeeded him, but exited without a trace. I
Tutankhamen succeeded him, while still a boy. He changed his name to Tutankhamen, the living image
of Amun. Tutankhamen restored the old ways. He reigned for nine years and died suddenly. He was
buried with fabulous wealth in gold and jewellery. His tomb was first discovered by Howard Carter, a
British archaeologist. His mummy is the first to be scanned by a portable CT Scanning machine donated
by the National Geographic Society.
4. Imagine you are Howard Carter. You were fortunate to find King Tut’s tomb intact. Describe what you
saw in the burial chamber. Describe King Hit’s coffins and their contents.
A: I have searched for many years and today my search has come to a fruitful end. I have found the tomb of
King Tut. The year 1922 has become historic in archaeology. The burial chamber is small, rock cut and 26
feet underground and has murals on the wall. King Tut’s outer coffin shows his features in a gilded and
painted face. There are three nesting coffins. In the first, I found a shroud adorned with garlands of
spring flowers. The innermost coffin contained the body of King Tut wearing gold collars, inlaid necklaces
and bracelets, rings, amulets, a ceremonial apron, sandals, sheaths for his fingers and toes of pure gold
and a painted mask of great beauty. Besides, in the burial chamber, there are articles of everyday needs
like board games, a bronze razor, linen undergarments and cases of food and wine.
 Additional Questions
5. Discuss the suitability of the title, ‘Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues’.
A: The title is appropriate for describing the attempts to discover the truth about King Tut. The tomb had
been raided in the remote past, but had remained largely intact till it was discovered in 1922 by Howard
Carter. King Tut had died young. The reason of his death remains a mystery even today. The possibility of
murder has not been ruled out. Therefore, continuous efforts go on to unravel the mystery. In 1922,
Carter had cut the mummy into pieces to remove it from its coffins. He had carefully examined the
funerary treasures buried with King Tut.
Sophisticated tools of archaeology including medical technology have been used since the 20th century
to unravel King Tut’s mystery. In 1968, the mummy was X-rayed. In 2005, the mummy was brought out
from its deep burial chamber for CT scan. The focus now is not on the treasures but on Tut’s life and his
mysterious death. In the coming years, the attempt to discover the whole truth about Tut will continue.
6. ‘Archaeology has changed substantially in the intervening (since Carter’s time) decades.’ We find that
science is helping the cause of culture. Write an article in 100 words showing that science can help in
investigating and preserving history.
A: (Choose your points-DIY)
There is great need to investigate the historical facts of our race and bring them to the notice of people.
 Scientific methods of investigation are X-ray, carbon dating, satellite imaging, etc.
 Under sea excavations in Dwarka have shown the remains of a great civilization.
 Scientific methods preserve paintings as on the walls of Ajanta.
 Museums preserve works of art against decay.
 Conclusion : Stephen. J. Gould-American paleontologist says, “Science is an integral part of culture It is
one of the glories of human intellectual tradition.
 Additional Questions

7. Egypt is a popular tourist destination of people from all parts of the world,
“…tourists around the world… pay their respect” to King Tut. India too has many
wonders that attract tourists. But our habits and behaviour drive the tourist
away. Write an article in about 100 words showing that we must make the tourist
feel happy to be in India. For that we need to curb our irritating habits first.
A: Tourism is very important for a country like India. It can be an important
contributor to our foreign exchange earnings. We have abundant natural,
historical and artistic sites; what we lack is a culture that would welcome
tourists. (pick any three of these) Tourists are irritated by :
 dirt and filth
 guides and shopkeepers who pester foreigners
 poor quality of our products
 attempt to cheat foreigners
 beggars
 lack of punctuality/efficiency
 unhealthy preparation of food
 lack of tourist facilities
 Home Assignment (MCQ’s)
1. Who was Tutankhamen? 6. Who promoted the worship of Aten (the sun disk) ?
A. A Geologist B. A Scientist A. Tutankhamen B. Amenhotep III
C. An Egyptian king D. A historian C. Amenhotep IV D. None of the above
2. When did Tut die? 7. What name did Amenhotep IV change to?
A. When he was a teenager A. Amarna B. Atul
B. When he was old C. Akhenaten D. Amenhotep III
C. When he was in middle age 8. For how many years did Tutankhamen rule Egypt?
D. When he was a child A. Nine B. Eleven
3. Who discovered Tut's tomb and when? C. Two D. Five
A. Adam Cooper in 1901
9. What was found with Tutankhamen's body?
B. Howard Carter in 1922
A. Gold B. Egyptian Gold Coin
C. Howard Carter in 1930
C. Nothing as such
D. Sam Shaw in 1890
D. gold, wealth, bronze razor, games, clothes, cases
4. When was Tut's body taken for CT scan after
being found? of food and wine
A. After 1 year B. After 80 years 10. How would you describe Tut's tomb?
C. After 50 years D. After 30 years A. gold-plated B. rock-cut
5. For how many years did Amenhotep III rule C. wall paintings with gold-plate
Egypt? D. rock-cut, 26 feet underground, which had wall
A. 5 years B. 20 years paintings
C. 10 years D. 40 years
 Home Assignment (MCQ’s)
11. What was in the first coffin? 15. What did Carter and his men do after cutting down his
A. garlands of olives, lotus petals, and cornflowers body?
B. flowers and coins A. they sent it for X-Ray
C. gold, wealth, bronze razor, games, clothes, cases B. they examined them carefully
of food and wine C. they placed it on the layer of sand in a wooden box
D. they clicked photographs
D. It was empty
16. When was the mummy examined in X-Ray by the
12. Why did the third coffin put Carter in trouble?
anatomy professor?
A. It was empty A. In 1945 B. In 1986
B. The resins used to cement Tut to the bottom of C. In 1968 D. Never
the solid gold coffin which was hardened enough 17. What facts were revealed when the mummy was X-
C. The material found inside was already looted Rayed in 1968?
D. None of the above A. his several possessions were missing
13. How did Carter remove the resins? B. his hip bone was missing
A. with the help of chisel and hammer C. his breast bone and front ribs were missing
B. with the help of chemicals D. his feet bone was missing
C. with the help of machinery 18. When was Tut's body taken for CT Scan in the 21st
D. with the help of man power century?
14. How did Carter cut the body of Tut? A. January 05 2005 B. January 10, 2007
C. June 09, 2001 D. February 12, 2009
A. First head and then every limb
19. What does CT scan stand for?
B. first leg and then head
A. Computed Telegraphy B. Computed
C. first legs, head and then limbs Tomography Scan
D. limb, hand only C. Car Topology D. Computer Technology
20. How did the workmen lift the body for the scan?
A. through the stairs B. on a hydraulic trailer
C. through sliding D. through lift
 Home Assignment (MCQ’s)
21. Why did the procedure stop in between? 26. "Tut was laid to rest, laden with .........."
A. As spare fan stopped working A. Platinum B. aluminum
B. as the light went off C. gold D. silver
C. As the lift broken 27. When did Tut die?
D. none of the above A. 22000 years ago
22. When was Tut's body taken back in his tomb after B. more than 33000 years ago
CT scan? C. 10000 years ago
A. After a day B. After 3 hours D. 16000 years ago
C. After 12 hours D. After 5 hours 28. What was Tut lavished with?
23. What is the Cemetery of Tut called? A. gold, silver, flowers B. lots of jewels
A. Valley of the KingsB. Tut's Resting Place C. "glittering goods: precious collars, inlaid necklaces
C. Resting Peace D. Valley of Flowers and bracelets, rings, amulets, a ceremonial apron,
24. How did Tut die? sandals, sheaths for his fingers and toes all of pure
A. It is a mystery B. Due to heart attack gold"
C. Due to Cancer D. During a war D. expensive clothing
25. Who said “The mummy is in very bad condition 29. How has archeology changed through the decades ?
because of what Carter did in the 1920s”? A. A. focuses more on treasure
Carter B. focuses more on physical findings
B. Zahi Hawass C. focuses on time factors more
C. an anatomy professor D. focusing less on treasure and more on the
D. A Egypt Historian fascinating details of life and mysteries of death
30. Who is Osiris?
A. god of nature B. god of afterlife
C. god of seasons D. god of universe
 INSTRUCTIONS
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