Including Amd No 1 : 2002

TO BS 7671 : 2001

REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

Published by: The Institution of Electrical Engineers,

Savoy Place, LONDON,
United Kingdom, WC2R 0BL

2002: The Institution of Electrical Engineers

Copies may be obtained from:

The Institution of Electrical Engineers

PO Box 96, STEVENAGE,

United Kingdom, SG1 2SD

Tel: 01438 767 328

Fax: 01438 742 792

Email: sales@iee.org.uk

http://www.iee.org.uk/Publish/Books/WireAssoc/

Printed February 1992

Reprinted May 1993, with amendments

Reprinted July 1993, with amendment (Appendix 9)

Reprinted February 1994, with amendments

Revised February 1995 to incorporate Amendment No 1 to BS 7671

Revised June 1996, new cover only

Revised June 1998 to incorporate Amendment No 2 to BS 7671

Revised Feb 2002 to incorporate BS 7671 : 2001, inc Amd No 1 : 2002

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise – without the prior written permission of the publisher.

While the author publisher and contributors believe that the information and
guidance given in this work is correct, all parties must rely upon their own
skill and judgement when making use of it. Neither the author, the publisher
nor and any contributor assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage
caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such error or omission
is the result of negligence or any other cause. Where reference is made to
legislation it is not to be considered as legal advice. Any and all such liability
is disclaimed.

ISBN 0 85296 987 2

 CONTENTS

Page
PREFACE
8
FOREWARD
9

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
11
1.1 Scope
11
1.2 Basic Information Required
13

SECTION 2. THE SERVICE POSITION

14
2.1 General Layout Of Equipment
14
2.2 Function Of Components
14

SECTION 3. PROTECTION
17
3.1 Types of Protective Device(s)
17
3.2 Overload Protection
17
3.3 Fault Current Protection
17
3.4 Protection Against Electric Shock
17
3.5 Disconnection Times
19
3.6 Residual Current Devices (RCD)
19

SECTION 4. BONDING AND EARTHING

23
4.1 Main Equipotential Bonding of Metal

Services (Figs 4a, 4b, 4c)

23
4.2 Main Earthing and Main Equipotential

Bonding Conductor cross-sectional

Areas
24
4.3 Main Equipotential Bonding – Plastic
Services
25
4.4 Earthing
25
4.5 Supplementary Equipotential Bonding

in Locations of Increased Shock Risk –

Metal Pipework
25
4.6 Supplementary Bonding in other

Locations – Metal Pipework

26
4.7 Supplementary Bonding of Plastic Pipe

Installations
26
4.8 Earth Electrode (Fig 4c)
32
4.9 Types of Earth Electrode
32
4.10 Typical Earthing Arrangements
33

SECTION 5. ISOLATION AND SWITCHING

34
5.1 Isolation
34
5.2 Functional Switching
35
5.3 Switching Off for Mechanical

Maintenance
35
5.4 Emergency Switching
35

SECTION 6. LABELLING
36
6.1 Labels to be Provided
36

SECTION 7. FINAL CIRCUITS

40
7.1 Final Circuits
40
7.2 Using the Tabulated Final Circuits
41
7.3 Installation Considerations
52
7.4 Smoke Alarms and Emergency Lighting
56

SECTION 8. SPECIAL LOCATIONS GIVING RISE

TO INCREASED RISK OF ELECTRIC

SHOCK
58
8.1 Locations containing a bath or shower
58
8.2 Shower cubicles in a Room used for

Other Purposes
60
8.3 Temporary and Garden Buildings,

Domestic Garages, Buildings of

Lightweight Construction etc

60
8.4 Earthing Requirements of Equipment

having High Protective Conductor

Current
60

SECTION 9. INSPECTION AND TESTING

62
9.1 Inspection and Testing
62
9.2 Inspection
62
9.3 Testing
65

SECTION 10. GUIDANCE NOTES ON INITIAL

TESTING OF INSTALLATIONS
66
10.1 Safety and Equipment
66
10.2 Sequence of Tests
66
10.3 Test Procedures
67

SECTION 11. OPERATION OF RESIDUAL

CURRENT DEVICES (RCDs) AND
RESIDUAL CIRCUIT BREAKERS
WITH OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
(RCBOs) 81
11.1 General Test Procedure
81
11.2 General Purpose RCDs to BS 4293
81
11.3 General Purpose RCCBs to BS EN

61008 or RCBOs to BS EN 61009

81
11.4 RCD protected socket-outlets to BS

7288
81
11.5 Additional Requirement for

Supplementary Protection
82
11.6 Integral Test Device
82

 Page
APPENDICES

1 Maximum demand and diversity

84

2 Maximum permissible measured earth

fault loop impedance

88

3 Notes on the selection of types of cable

and flexible cord for particular uses and

external influences
94

4 Notes on methods of support for

cables, conductors and wiring systems

100

5 Cable capacities of conduit / trunking

109

6 Current-carrying capacities and voltage

drop for copper conductors

115

7 Certification and reporting

127

8 Standard circuit arrangement for

household and similar installations

150

9 Resistance of copper and aluminium

conductors
157

10 Protective conductor sizing

161

INDEXES

(I) The installation

166

(ii) Bonding and earthing

168

(iii) Special locations and RCDs

170

(iv) Inspection and testing

172

(v) Alphabetical
174

 Co-operating Organisations
The Institution of Electrical Engineers acknowledges the contribution made
by the following organisations in the preparation of this guide.

Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances

S A MacConnacher BSc CEng MIEE
British Cables Association
C K Reed IEng MIIE
British Electrotechnical & Allied Manufacturers Association Ltd
R Lewington
British Electrotechnical Approvals Board
P D Stokes MA CEng MRAeS
British Standards Institution
W E Fancourt
City & Guilds of London Institute
H R Lovegrove IEng FIIE
Electrical Contractors’ Association
D Locke IEng MIIE ACIBSE
Electrical Contractors’ Association of Scotland t/a SELECT
D Millar
Electrical Installation Equipment Manufacturers’ Association Ltd
Eur Ing M H Mullins BA CEng MIEE FIIE
Electricity Association Limited
D J Start BSc CEng MIEE
ERA Technology Ltd
M W Coates BEng
Federation of the Electronics Industry
F W Pearson CEng MIIE
The GAMBICA Association Ltd
K A Morriss BSc CEng MIEE MInstMC
Health & Safety Executive
Eur Ing J A McLean FIEE FIOSH
Institution of Incorporated Engineers
P Tootill IEng MIIE
Lighting Association
K R Kearney IEng MIIE
National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting
Safety Assessment Federation Limited
J Gorman BSc (Hons) CEng MIEE
Society of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers serving Local
Government
C Tanswell CEng MIEE MCIBSE

 PREFACE

The On-Site Guide is one of a number of publications prepared by

the Institution of Electrical Engineers to simplify some aspects of
BS7671 : 2001 incorporating amendment No 1, 2002 Requirements
for Electrical Installations (IEE Wiring Regulations Sixteenth Edition)
BS7671 is a joint publication of the British Standards Institution and
the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

The scope generally follows that of BS7671. It includes material not

included in BS7671, provides background to the intentions of
BS7671, and gives other sources of information.

However, this guide does not ensure compliance with BS7671. It is

a simple guide to the requirements of BS7671, and electricians
should always consult BS7671 to satisfy themselves of compliance.

It is expected that persons carrying out work in accordance with this

guide will be competent to do so.

Electrical installations in the United Kingdom, which comply with the

IEE Wiring Regulations, BS7671, should also comply with the
Statutory Regulations such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 110-01-01
1989. It cannot be guaranteed that BS7671 complies with all
relevant Regulations and it is stressed that it is essential to establish
what statutory and other Regulations apply and to install
accordingly. For example, an installation in Licensed Premises may App 2(vi)
have requirements different from or additional to BS7671 and these
will take precedence over BS7671.

 FOREWARD

This Guide is concerned with limited application of BS7671 in

accordance with para 1.1 Scope.

Part 1

BS7671 and the On-Site Guide are not design guides. It is essential

to prepare a schedule of the work to be done prior to

commencement or alteration of an electrical installation and to

provide all necessary information and operational manuals of any

equipment supplied to the user on completion.

Any specification should set out the detailed design and provide

sufficient information to enable competent persons to carry out the

installation and to commission it. The specification must include a

description of how the system is to operate and all of the design and

operational parameters.

The specification must provide for all the commissioning procedures

that will be required and for the production of any operational

manual.

It must be noted that it is a matter of contract as to which person or

organisation is responsible for the production of the parts of the

design, specification and any other operational manual.

The persons or organisations who may be concerned in the

preparation of the specification include:

The Designer(s)

The Installer(s)

The Supplier of Electricity

The Installation Owner and/or User

The Architect

The Fire Prevention Officer

The Planning Supervisor

All Regulatory Authorities

Any Licensing Authority

The Health and Safety Executive

In producing the specification advice should be sought from the

installation owner and/or user as to the intended use. Often, such as
in a speculative building, the detailed intended use is unknown. In
those circumstances the specification and/or the operational manual
must set out the basis of use for which the installation is suitable.

Precise details of each item of equipment should be obtained from

the manufacturer and/or supplier and compliance with appropriate
standards confirmed.

The operational manual must include a description of how the

system as installed is to operate and all commissioning records.
The manual should also include manufacturers’ technical data for all
items of switchgear, luminaires, accessories, etc and any special
instructions that may be needed. The Health and Safety at Work Act
1974 Section 6 and the Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 1994 are concerned with the provision of information.
Guidance for preparation of technical manuals is given in BS4884
(Specification for technical manuals) and BS4949
(Recommendations for the presentation of technical information
about products and services in the construction industry). The size
and complexity of the installation will dictate the nature and extent of
the manual.

10

 ON-SITE GUIDE
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope

This Guide is for electricians (skilled persons). It covers the

following installations:

(a) domestic installations generally, including off-peak

supplies, and supplies to associated garages, out-
buildings and the like

(b) industrial and commercial single- and three-phase

installations where the distribution board(s) or
consumer unit is located at or near the supplier’s
cut-out.

Note: Special installations or Locations (Part 6 of BS7671) are generally Part 6

excluded from this Guide. Advice is given on installations in locations
containing a bath or shower (8.1), temporary and garden buildings etc (8.3)
and personal computer circuits in office locations (8.4).

This Guide is restricted to installations: 313-01-01

(i) at a supply frequency of 50 Hertz

(ii) at a nominal single-phase voltage of 230 V a.c.

single-phase and 230/400 V a.c. three-phase

(iii) fed through a supplier’s cut-out having a fuse or

fuses to BS1361 Type II or through fuses to BS88-2
or BS88-6

(iv) with a maximum value of the earth fault loop

impedance outside the consumer’s installation as
follows

Earth return via sheath (TN-S system): 0.8 ohm

Earth return via combined neutral and earth
conductor (TN-C-S system): 0.35 ohm
TT systems: 21 ohms excluding consumer’s earth
electrode

11

This Guide contains information which may be required in general

installation work, e.g. conduit and trunking capacities, bending radii
of cables.

This Guide introduces the use of conventional circuits, which are

discussed in Section 7.

Because of simplification this guide may not give the most

economical result.

This Guide is not a replacement for BS7671, which should always

be consulted. Defined terms according to Part 2 of BS7671 are
used in this guide.

In conformance with the definitions of BS7671, throughout this

Guide the term ‘live part’ is used to refer to a conductor or
conductive part intended to be energised in normal use, including a
neutral conductor. For convenience in use, and in accordance with
current UK manufacturing practice, the terminals of electrical Part 2
equipment shown in Figs 10.1 to 10.5 have been identified by the Figs 3 to 7
letters L, N and E.

Further information is available in the series of Guidance Notes

published by the institution.

For new domestic installations and major refurbishments account

should be taken of the recommendations in Approved Document B,
issued as guidance on the Building Regulations 1991. Part B1,
Section 1 advises that, if dwellings are not protected by an
automatic fire detection and alarm system to Part 6 of BS5839, a
suitable number of mains operated self-contained smoke alarms to
BS5446 be installed.

In Scotland the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990

apply and installations must comply with The Scottish Office
Technical Standards

12

1.2 Basic Information Required

Before starting work on an installation that requires a new

supply, the electrician should obtain the following
information from the supplier:

(i) the number of phases to be provided 312-02-01

(ii) the supplier’s requirement for cross-sectional area 313-01-01(iii)

and length of meter tails

(iii) t he maximum prospective fault current (pfc) at the 313-01-01(iii)

supply terminals

(iv) the maximum earth loop impedance (Ze) of the 313-01-01(iv)

earth fault path outside the consumer’s installation

(v) the type and rating of the supplier’s fusible cut-out 313-01-01(iv)
or protective device

(vi) the supplier’s requirement regarding the size of 547-02-01

main equipotential bonding

(vii) the earthing arrangement and type of system 312-03-01

(viii) the arrangements for the incoming cable and 313-01-01(v)

metering

For existing installations, electricians should satisfy

themselves as to the suitability of the supply including the
earthing arrangement.

13

SECTION 2. THE SERVICE POSITION

2.1 General Layout of Equipment

The general layout of the equipment at the service position

is shown in Figs 2a and 2b.

2.2 Function of Components:

(i) Distributor’s Cut-out

This will be sealed to prevent the fuse being withdrawn 313-01-01(vi)

by unauthorised persons. When the meter tails and
consumer unit are installed in accordance with the
requirements of the distributor the cut-out may be
assumed to provide fault current protection up to the
consumer’s main switch.

(ii) Supplier’s Meter

This will be sealed by the supplier to prevent interference

by unauthorised persons.

(iii) Meter Tails

These are part of the consumer’s installation. They 473-02-04(iv)

should be insulated and sheathed or insulated and 521-07-03
enclosed in conduit or trunking.

Polarity should be indicated by the colour of the insulation 514-06

and the minimum cable size should be 25 mm2. The
supplier may specify the maximum length and the
minimum cross-sectional area (see 1.2(ii)).

Where the meter tails are protected against fault current 473-02-04(iv)
by the supplier’s cut-out the method of installation,
maximum length and minimum cross-sectional area must
comply with the requirements of the supplier.

14

 Fig 2a: Layout when the supplier does not provide a main switch
Note: Earthing arrangements have been omitted for clarity. Tails between the meter
and consumer’s installation are provided by the consumer

Fig 2b: Layout when the supplier does provide a main switch

Note: Earthing arrangements have been omitted for clarity. Tails between any main

switch provided by the supplier and the consumer’s installation are provided by the

consumer

15

(iv) Supplier’s Switch

Some suppliers may provide and install a suitable switch

between the meter and the consumer unit. This permits 476-01-01
the supply to the installation to be interrupted without
withdrawing the supplier’s cut-out.

(v) Consumer’s Controlgear

A consumer unit is for use on single-phase installations. It Part 2

contains a double-pole main switch and fuses or circuit-
breakers (cbs) and perhaps residual current devices
(RCDs) or residual current breakers with integral
overcurrent protection (RCBOs) for the protection of each
final circuit. Alternatively, a separate main switch and
distribution board may be provided.

16

SECTION 3. PROTECTION

3.1 Types of Protective Device(s)

The consumer unit (or distribution board) contains devices for the protection Ch 43
of the final circuits against:

(i) overload 433

(ii) short-circuit 434
(iii) earth fault. 434

Functions (I) and (ii) are carried out usually by one device, a fuse or circuit-
breaker.

Function (iii) may be carried out by the fuse or circuit-breaker provided for 413-02-04
functions (I) and (ii), or by an RCD.

An RCBO being a combined circuit-breaker and RCD will carry out

functions (I), (ii) and (iii).

3.2 Overload Protection

Overload protection is given by the following devices:

Fuses to BS88-2.1 or BS88-6; BS1361 and BS3036;

App 3
miniature circuit-breakers to BS3871-1 Types 1, 2 and 3;

circuit-breakers to BS EN 60898 types B, C and D; and

residual current circuit-breakers with integral

overcurrent protection (RCBOs) to BS EN 61009-1.

3.3 Fault Current Protection

When a consumer unit to BS EN 60439-3 or BS 5486 : Part 13, or a 473-02-04

fuseboard having fuselinks to BS88-2.1 or BS88-6 or BS 1361 is used, then
fault current protection will be given by the overload protective device.

For other protective devices the breaking capacity must be adequate for the
prospective fault current at that point.

3.4 Protection Against Electric Shock

(i) Direct Contact 412

Electrical insulation and enclosures and barriers give protection 412-01-01

against direct contact. Non-sheathed insulated conductors must
be protected by conduit or 521-07-03

17

 trunking or be within a suitable enclosure. A 30 mA RCD may be

provided to give supplementary protection against direct contact, 412-06
but must not be relied upon for primary protection.

(ii) Indirect Contact 413

Protection against indirect contact is given by limiting to safe

values the magnitude and duration of voltages that may appear
under earth fault conditions between simultaneously accessible
exposed-conductive-parts of equipment, and between them and
extraneous-conductive-parts or earth. This may be affected by the:

(a) co-ordination of protective devices and circuit 413-02-04

impedances, or

(b) use of RCDs to limit the disconnection time, or 413-02-07

(c) use of Class II equipment or equivalent insulation. 413-03

(iii) SELV and PELV

SELV
411-02
Separated extra-low voltage (SELV) systems

(a) are supplied from isolated safety sources such as a 411-02-02

safety isolating transformer to BS 3535

(b) have no live part connected to earth or the protective 411-02-05

conductor of another system

(c) are enclosed in an insulating sheath additional to their 411-02-06

basic insulation

(d) have no exposed-conductive-parts connected to earth, to 411-02-07

exposed-conductive-parts or protective conductors of
other systems or to extraneous-conductive-parts.

PELV 471-14-01
Protective extra-low (PELV) systems must meet all the 471-14-02
requirements for SELV, except that the circuits are not electrically
separated from earth

18

 For SELV and PELV systems protection against direct contact 411-02-09
need not be provided if voltages do not exceed the following: 471-14-02

Location SELV PELV

Dry Areas 25 V a.c. or 60 V d.c. 25 V a.c. or 60 V d.c. 411-02-09

Bathrooms, swimming Protection required at all Protection required at all 601-03-02

pools, saunas voltages voltages 602-03-01
603-03-01
Other areas 12 V a.c. or 30 V d.c. 6 V a.c. or 15 V d.c. 471-01-01
471-14-02

3.5 Disconnection Times

3.5.1 Conventional Circuits

For the conventional circuits given in Section 7, the correct disconnection

time in seconds (0.4 s or 5 s) is obtained by using the protective devices
and related maximum circuit lengths in Table 7.1

3.5.2 Special Circuits

A disconnection time of not more than 0.4s is required for final circuits
supplying :

(i) portable equipment intended to be moved by hand while in use 413-02-09

(ii) hand-held metal-cased equipment requiring an earth, and supplied 413-02-09

directly or through a socket-outlet

(iii) fixed equipment outside the equipotential zone with accessible 471-08-03
exposed-conductive-parts

3.6 Residual Current Devices (RCD)

Note: Residual current device (RCD) is a device type that includes residual
current circuit-breakers (RCCBs) and residual current circuit breakers with
integral overcurrent protection (RCBOs).

3.6.1 Protection by an RCD

There are a number of instances where an installation is required to

incorporate one or more RCDs (RCCB or RCBO). These instances include:

19

(i) where the earth fault loop impedance is too high to provide the 413-02-19
required disconnection time e.g. where the supplier does not
provide an earth – TT systems

(ii) on socket-outlet circuits in TT systems 471-08-06

(iii) on all socket-outlets that may reasonably be expected to supply 471-16-01

portable equipment used outdoors

(iv) circuits supplying portable equipment for use outdoors by means 471-16-02
of a flexible cable

(v) on socket-outlets in a room, other than a bathroom or shower 601-08-02

room, containing a shower cubicle.

3.6.2 Applications of RCDs

Installations are required to be divided into circuits to avoid danger and 314-01-01
minimise inconvenience in the event of a fault and to take account of
hazards that might arise from the failure of a single circuit, e.g. a lighting 314-01-02
circuit.

30 mA RCDs installed to provide protection to socket-outlets likely to feed

portable equipment outdoors should protect only those sockets, see Fig 3b.

Where an RCD is fitted only because the earth loop impedance is too high
for shock protection to be provided by an overcurrent device, for example in
a TT system, the rated residual operating current should not be less than
100 mA.

If two RCDs are installed they should preferably control separate circuits,
see Fig 3a(I), or a time delay 100 mA or greater RCD (S type) should be
installed, see Fig 3a(ii).

The use of RCBOs, see Fig 3a(iii), will minimise inconvenience in the event
of a fault.

The enclosures of RCDs or consumer units incorporating RCDs in TT

installations should be of an all-insulated or Class II construction.
Otherwise, additional precautions recommended by the manufacturer need
to be taken to prevent faults to earth on the supply side of the RCD.

20

Fig 3a: Installing RCDs in a TT installation

21

Fig 3a cont’d: Installing RCDs in a TT installation

3.6.3 Applications of residual current circuit breakers with

overload current protection (RCBOs)
413-02-04
In TN systems it is preferable for reliable operation for indirect shock
protection to be provided by overcurrent devices, including RCBOs
operating as overcurrent devices; that is, with loop impedances complying
with Table 2D of Appendix 2. RCBOs are then providing indirect shock 471-16
protection as overcurrent devices and supplementary protection against
direct contact as residual current circuit-breakers (RCCBs).
413-02-16
When the designer intends that indirect shock protection is to be provided
by a residual current circuit-breaker (RCCB) or the residual current element
of an RCBO, loop impedances are as for an RCD, that is appropriate to the
rated residual operating current (Zs ≤ 50 V / I∆n), and not more than 200
ohms.

22

Fig 3b: Installing RCDs in a TN-S or TN-C-S installation

SECTION 4. BONDING AND EARTHING

4.1 Main Equipotential Bonding of Metal Services (Figs 4a,

4b, 4c)

Main equipotential bonding conductors are required to connect the 413-02-02

following metallic parts to the main earthing terminal, where they
are extraneous-conductive-parts:

(i) metal water service pipes

(ii) metal gas installation pipes

(iii) other metal service pipes (including oil and gas supply
pipes) and ducting

(iv) metal central heating and air conditioning systems

23

(v) exposed metallic structural parts of the building

(vi) lightning protection systems.

4.2 Main Earthing and Main Equipotential Bonding Conductor

Cross-Sectional Areas.

The minimum cross-sectional area (csa) of the main equipotential 547-02-01

bonding conductor is half that of the main earthing conductor. For
100 A TN installations, the main earthing conductor csa needs to
2 2
be 16 mm and that of the main bonding conductors 10 mm
where the size of the supply neutral conductor is not more than 35 Table 54H
2
mm . However, local public electricity distribution network
conditions may require larger conductors. For other conditions see
Table 10A of Appendix 10. For TT installations see Fig 4c.

Note that:

(i) only copper conductors should be used; copper covered 542-03-03

aluminium conductors or aluminium conductors or
structural steel can only be used if special precautions
outside the scope of this Guide are taken

(ii) bonding connections to incoming metal services should 547-02-02

be as near as possible to the point of entry of the
services to the premises, but on the consumer’s side of
any insulating section

(iii) the connection to the gas, water, oil, etc service should 547-02-02
be within 600 mm of the service meter, or at the point of
entry to the building if the service meter is external, and
must be on the consumer’s side before any branch
pipework and after any insulating section in the service.
The connection must be made to hard pipe, not to soft or
flexible meter connections

(iv) the connection must be made using clamps (to BS 951) 542-03-03
which will not be subject to corrosion at the point of
contact

(v) if incoming gas and water services are of plastic, main

bonding connections are to be made to metal installation
pipes only.

24

 4.3 Main Equipotential Bonding – Plastic Services

There is no requirement to main bond an incoming service where

both the incoming service pipe and the pipework within the
installation are both plastic. Where there is a plastic incoming
service and a metal installation within the premises, main bonding
must be carried out, the bonding being applied on the customer’s
side of any meter, main stop cock or insulating insert.

4.4 Earthing

Every exposed-conductive-part (a part which may become live 413-02-06

under earth fault conditions) shall be connected by a protective 413-02-18
conductor to the main earth terminal.

4.5 upplementary Equipotential Bonding in Locations of

S
Increased Shock Risk – Metal Pipework

Supplementary equipotential bonding is required only in locations

of increased shock risk such as some of those in Part 6 of BS7671
(471-08-01). In domestic premises, the locations identified as 471-08-01
having increased shock risks are rooms containing a bath or
shower (bathrooms) and around swimming pools.

In a bathroom or shower room, local supplementary equipotential 601-04-01

bonding is required to be provided connecting together the
terminal of protective conductors of each circuit supplying Class I
and Class II equipment in zones 1, 2 or 3, and extraneous-
conductive parts in these zones including the following:

(i) metal pipes supplying services and metallic waste pipes

(e.g. water, gas)

(ii) metal central heating pipes and air conditioning systems

(iii) accessible metal structural parts of the building (metal

door architraves, metal handrails, window frames and
similar parts are not considered to be extraneous-
conductive-parts unless they are connected to metallic
structural parts of the building)

(iv) metal baths and metal shower basins.

Circuit protective conductors may be used as supplementary

bonding conductors.

25

The supplementary equipotential bonding may be provided in

close proximity to the location.

See Section 8.1 for locations containing a bath or shower.

A typical installation is shown in Figure 4d. 601-04-01

4.6 Supplementary Bonding in other Locations – Metal 471-08-01

Pipework

There is no specific requirement in BS 7671 to supplementary

bond the following:

Kitchen pipes, sinks or draining boards

Metal furniture in kitchens

Metal pipes and wash hand basins in domestic locations

other than bathrooms.

Note: Metal waste pipes in contact with earth should be main bonded back
to the main earthing terminal.

4.7 Supplementary Bonding of Plastic Pipe Installations

Supplementary bonding is not required to metal parts supplied by

plastic pipes, such as metal hot and cold water taps supplied from
plastic pipes. A metal bath not connected to extraneous­
conductive-parts (such as structural steelwork) with plastic hot and
cold water pipes and plastic waste pipes does not require
supplementary bonding. Supplementary bonding in a bathroom or
shower room will still be required between the protective
conductors of circuits supplying Class I and Class II equipment in
the zones e.g. heaters, showers and accessible luminaires, see
Figure 4e.

26

27

28

29

30

31

4.8 Earth Electrode (Fig 4c)

This is connected to the main earthing terminal by the earthing 542-01-04

conductor and provides part of the earth fault loop for a TT
installation.

It is recommended that the earth fault loop impedance for TT 542-02-02

installations does not exceed 200 ohms.

Metal gas or water or other metal service pipes are not to be used 542-02-04
as the earth electrode, although they must be bonded as
paragraph 4.1.

4.9 Types of Earth Electrode

The following types of earth electrode are recognised:

(i) earth rods or pipes 542-02-01

(ii) earth tapes or wires 542-02-01

(iii) earth plates 542-02-01

(iv) underground structural metalwork embedded in 542-02-01

foundations

(v) welded metal reinforcement of concrete embedded in the 542-02-01

earth (excluding pre-stressed concrete)

(vi) lead sheaths and metal coverings of cables, which must 542-02-05
meet the following conditions:

(a) the sheath or covering shall be in effective 542-02-05(ii)

contact with earth,

(b) the consent of the owner of the cable shall be 542-02-05(iii)

obtained, and

(c) arrangements shall be made for the owner of 542-02-05(iv)

the cable to warn the owner of the electrical
installation of any proposed change to the cable
or its method of installation, which might affect
its suitability as an earth electrode.

32

4.10 Typical Earthing Arrangements

for Various Types of Earthing System (Figs 4a, 4b, 4c)

Figs 4a, 4b and 4c show the single-phase arrangements, but

three-phase arrangements are similar.

The protective conductor sizes shown in these Figures refer to Table 54G
copper conductors and are related to 25 mm2 supply tails from the Table 54H
meter. 547-02-01

For TT systems protected by an RCD with an earth electrode 542-03-01

resistance 1 ohm or greater, the earthing conductor size need not 543-01-03
2
exceed 2.5 mm if protected against corrosion by a sheath and if
also protected against mechanical damage; otherwise, see Table
10C of Appendix 10.

The earthing bar is sometimes used as the main earthing terminal;

however, means must be provided in an accessible position for
disconnecting the earthing conductor to facilitate testing of the 542-04-02
earthing.

Note: For TN-S and TN-C-S installations, advice about the availability of an
earthing facility and the precise arrangements for connection should be
obtained from the electricity supplier.

33

SECTION 5. ISOLATION AND SWITCHING

5.1 Isolation

A means of isolation must be provided to enable electrically skilled 460-01-01

persons to carry out work on, or near, parts which would otherwise
normally be energised. Isolating devices must comply with the
isolation requirements of BS 1363-4, BS 3676, BS EN 60669-2-4, 511
BS EN 60898, BS EN 60947-2, BS EN 60947-3, BS EN 61008-1 537-02-02
or BS EN 61009-1. The position of the contacts must be either 537-02-04
externally visible or be clearly, positively and reliably indicated. If it 476-02-02
is installed remotely from the equipment to be isolated, the device
must be capable of being secured in the OPEN position.

Means of isolation should be provided as follows:

(i) at the origin of the installation, a main linked switch or 460-01-02

circuit-breaker should be provided as a means of
isolation and of interrupting the supply on load. For
single-phase households and similar supplies that may 476-01-03
be operated by unskilled persons, a double-pole device
must be used for both TT and TN systems. For three­
phase supplies an isolator must interrupt the phase and 460-01-04
neutral conductors in a TT system; in a TN-C-S system
only phase conductors need be interrupted. Provision
shall be made for disconnecting the neutral conductor. 460-01-06
Where this is a joint it shall be such that it is accessible,
can only be disconnected by means of a tool, is
mechanically strong and will reliably maintain electrical
continuity.

(ii) other than at the origin of the installation every circuit, or 476-01-02
group of circuits, which may have to be isolated without
interrupting the supply to the other circuits should be
provided with it’s own isolating device, which must switch 537-02-01
all live conductors in a TT system and all phase
conductors in a TN system.

Every motor circuit should be provided with a readily accessible 131-14-02

device to switch off the motor and all associated equipment
including any automatic circuit-breaker.

34

5.2 Functional Switching 537

A means of switching for interrupting the supply on load is required 476-01-02

for every circuit and final circuit.

One common switch may be used to interrupt the supply to a 476-01-01

group of circuits. Additionally, a separate switch must be provided
for every circuit which, for safety reasons, has to be switched 476-01-02
independently.

5.3 Switching Off for Mechanical Maintenance 462

A means of switching off for mechanical maintenance is required 462-01-01

where mechanical maintenance may involve a risk of burns or of
injury from mechanical movement, and may be required for lamp
replacement.

Each device for switching off for mechanical maintenance must:

(i) be capable of switching full load current 537-03-04

(ii) be suitably located in a readily accessible position 462-01-02

(iii) be identified with a permanent label unless it’s purpose is 462-01-02

obvious

(iv) have either an externally visible contact gap or a clearly 537-03-02

and reliably indicated OFF position. An indicating light
should not be relied upon

(v) be selected and installed to prevent unintentional 537-03-03

reclosure, such as might be caused by mechanical shock
or vibration.

5.4 Emergency Switching 463

An emergency switch is to be provided for every part of an 476-01-01

installation, which may have to disconnect rapidly from the supply 476-03-04
to prevent or remove danger. Where there is a risk of electric
shock the emergency switch is to disconnect all live conductors, 463-01-01
except in three-phase TN-S and TN-C-S systems where the 460-01-04
neutral need not be switched.

A means of emergency stopping is also to be provided where 463-01-05

mechanical movement of electrically actuated equipment may give 476-03-02
rise to danger.

35

 A plug and socket-outlet or similar device shall not be selected as 537-04-02

a device for emergency switching.

An emergency switch must be:

(i) readily accessible from the place where the danger may 537-04-04
occur

(ii) marked, preferably with a red handle or pushbutton 537-04-04

(iii) capable of cutting off the full load current 537-04-01

(iv) of the latching type or capable of being restrained in the 537-04-05

‘OFF’ or ‘STOP’ position

(v) double-pole for single-phase systems 463-01-01

(vi) if operated via a relay or contactor, of a design which has 537-04-03

fail-safe characteristics.

A fireman’s switch must be provided to disconnect the supply to a 476-03-05

high voltage installation, e.g. a neon sign, but such installations
are outside the scope of this Guide (see Regulations 476-03-05 to
07 and 537-04-06 of BS 7671). 537-04-06

SECTION 6. LABELLING

6.1 Labels to be provided

The following durable labels are to be securely fixed on or

adjacent to equipment installed in final circuits.

(i) Unexpected presence of nominal voltage (U or Uo) 514-10-01

exceeding 230 V

Where the nominal voltage (U or Uo) exceeds 230 V, e.g.

400 V phase-to-phase, and it would not normally be
expected to be so high, a warning label stating the
maximum voltage present shall be provided where it can
be seen before gaining access to live parts.

36

(ii) Nominal voltage exceeding 230 volts (U or Uo) between 514-10-01

simultaneously accessible equipment

For simultaneously accessible equipment with terminals

or other fixed live parts having a nominal voltage (U or
Uo) exceeding 230 volts between them, e.g. 400 V
phase-to-phase, a warning label shall be provided where
it can be seen before gaining access to live parts.

(iii) Presence of different nominal voltages in the same 514-10-01

equipment

Where equipment contains different nominal voltages,

e.g. both low and extra-low, a warning label stating the
voltages present shall be provided so that it can be seen
before gaining access to simultaneously accessible live
parts.

(iv) Connection of earthing and bonding conductors 514-13

A label to BS 951 durably marked with the words as 514-13-01

follows

SAFETY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION – DO NOT REMOVE

shall be permanently fixed in a visible position at or near

the point of connection of

(1) every earthing conductor to an earth electrode

or other means of earthing, and

(2) every bonding conductor to extraneous­

conductive-parts, and

(3) at the main earth terminal, where it is not part of

the main switchgear.

(v) Purpose of switchgear and controlgear 514-01-01

Unless there is no possibility of confusion, a label

indicating the purpose of each item of switchgear and
controlgear shall be fixed on or adjacent to the gear. It
may be necessary to label the item controlled, as well as
its controlgear.

37

(vi) Identification of protective devices 514-08-01

A protective device, e.g. fuse or circuit-breaker, shall be

arranged and labelled so that the circuit protected may be
easily recognised.

(vii) Identification of isolators 461-01-05

537-02-09
All isolating devices shall be clearly and durably marked
to indicate the circuit or circuits which they isolate.

(viii) Isolation requiring more than one device 514-11-01

A durable warning notice must be permanently fixed in a

clearly visible position to identify the appropriate isolating
devices, where equipment or an enclosure contains live
parts which cannot be isolated by a single device.

(ix) Periodic inspection and testing 514-12-01

A notice of durable material indelibly marked with the

words as follows, and no smaller than the example
shown in BS 7671,

IMPORTANT

This installation should be periodically inspected and

tested and a report on its condition obtained, as
prescribed in BS 7671 Requirements for Electrical
Installations published by the Institution of Electrical
Engineers.

Date of last inspection……………..…..

Recommended date of next inspection…………………..

shall be fixed in a prominent position at the origin of every

installation. The electrician carrying out the initial
verification must complete the notice, and it must be
updated after each periodic inspection.

38

(x) Diagrams 514-09

A diagram, chart or schedule shall be provided showing:

(a) the number of points, size and type of cables for

each circuit

(b) t he method of providing protection against

indirect contact

(c) any circuit vulnerable to an insulation test.

The schedules of test results (Form F4) of Appendix 7 meets the

above requirements for a schedule.

(xi) Residual current devices 514-12-02

Where an installation incorporates an RCD a notice with

the words as follows, and no smaller than the example
shown in BS 7671,

This installation, or part of it, is protected by a device

which automatically switches off the supply if an earth
fault develops. Test quarterly by pressing the button
marked ‘T’ or ‘Test’. The device should switch off the
supply and should then be switched on to restore the
supply. If the device does not switch off the supply when
the button is pressed, seek expert advice.

shall be fixed in a prominent position at or near the origin

of the installation.

39

SECTION 7. FINAL CIRCUITS

7.1 Final Circuits 413-02-08

413-02-12
Table 7.1 has been designed to enable a radial or ring final circuit 525-01-02
to be installed without calculation where the supply is at 230 V 543-01-03
single-phase or 400 V three-phase. For other voltages, the App 4
maximum circuit length given in the table must be corrected by the Table 4D2A
application of the formula Table 4D2B

Lt xU o
Lp =
230
where:

Lp is the permitted length for voltage Uo

Lt is the tabulated length for 230 V
Uo is the supply voltage

The conditions assumed are that:

(i) the installation is supplied

(a) by a TN-C-S system with a maximum external

earth fault loop impedance, Ze, of 0.35 ohm, or

(b) by a TN-S system with a maximum Ze of 0.8

ohm, or

(c) a TT system with RCDs installed as described in

Section 3.6.

(ii) the final circuit is connected to a distribution board or

consumer unit at the origin of the installation

(iii) the method of installation complies with Reference App 4

Methods 1, 3 or 6 of Appendix 4 of BS 7671:

(a) Reference Method 1(M1)

Sheathed cables, armoured or unarmoured
clipped direct or embedded in plaster

(b) Reference Method 3 (M3)

Cables run in conduit or trunking
Single-core or insulated and sheathed

40
 (c) Reference Method 6 (M6)

Multicore thermoplastic (pvc) insulated and sheathed flat Table 4D5A

twin cable with protective conductor in conduit in an
insulating wall and also direct in a thermally insulating
wall, or single-core thermoplastic (pvc) insulated cables
enclosed in conduit in a thermally insulating wall (Method
15).

(iv) the ambient temperature throughout the length of the Table 4C1
circuit does not exceed 30°C

(v) the characteristics of protective devices are in App3

accordance with Appendix 3 of BS 7671, with a fault
current tripping time for circuits-breakers of 0.1s or less

(vi) the cable conductors are of copper.

7.2 Using the Tabulated Final Circuits

7.2.1 Grouping of cables

(i) In domestic premises, except for heating cables, the Table 4B1
conventional circuit design permits any number of single­
layer circuits when the spacing between adjacent
surfaces of the cables exceeds one cable diameter and,
for other than semi-enclosed fuses, (BS 3036) up to 5
touching, single-layer circuits, when clipped to a non­
metallic surface (Installation Method 1)

(ii) up to four, 5A or 6A circuits of enclosed or bunched Table 4B1

cables (Methods 3 and 6) are allowed for circuits
protected by semi-enclosed fuses to BS 3036 and up to 6
circuits when protected by BS 88 or BS 1361 fuses or by
circuit-breakers to BS 3871-1 or BS EN 650898 or
RCBOs to BS EN 61009

(iii) for other groupings and/or high ambient temperatures

and/or enclosure in thermal insulation cable sizes will
need to be increased per Appendix 6 of this Guide.

41

42

43

44

45

46

Notes to Table 7.1

(i) Installation reference method

M6 indicates methods of cable installation M1, M3 and
M6 may be used
M3 indicates methods of cable installation M1 and M3
may be used
M1 indicates method of cable installation M1 only may be
used

All the circuits are limited by voltage drop other than those marked
below:

(ii) Length is limited by earth fault loop impedance

(iii) Alternative method of Regulation 314-02-12 applied, R2/4 413-02-12

to be less than 0.29 ohm

(iv) Alternative method of Regulation 314-02-12 applied, R2/4 413-02-12

to be less than 0.34 ohm

(v) Application of RCBOs, see 3.6.3

N1 NOT PERMISSIBLE as 0.4s disconnection required for socket­

outlet circuits

N2 NOT PERMISSIBLE as earth fault loop impedance too high

N3 NOT PERMISSIBLE cable overloaded

If the alternative method ((iii) or (iv)) is used, R2 must be recorded

on the installation schedule.

Reference to BS 88 fuses is to BS 88-2.1 or BS 88-6

BS 88 fuses are not available in Consumer Units.

47

7.2.2 Thermosetting Cables (e.g to BS5467 / BS7211) Table 4A2

Cable sizes must not be reduced when cables with thermosetting

insulation are used, as the cable operating temperature may
exceed the maximum tolerated by the accessory to which it is
connected.

7.2.3 Checklist

Before installing a conventional final circuit the following questions

must be answered:

(i) what is the load current and can the distribution board
and supply arrangements accommodate it? (see
Appendix 1 for guidance on assessing load currents)

(ii) which kind of protective device is to be used?

(iii) what cable type and installation method are to be used?

(iv) what rating of the protective device is equal to or next

higher than the load current of the circuit?

(v) which type of earthing arrangement is employed?

(vi) is the maximum required disconnection time 0.4s or 5s?

Maximum 0.4s disconnection time is required for circuits 413-02-09
feeding socket-outlets and circuits feeding fixed 471-08-03
equipment outside the equipotential zone.

(vii) what are the isolation and switching requirements? (See

Section 5)

(viii) what labels are required? (See Section 6)

(ix) is the earth loop impedance value below the values given
in 7.1(I) or 7.2.4(ii)?

(x) Is an RCD or RCBO required? All socket-outlets on a TT 471-08-06

system must be protected by an RCD or RCBO. Socket­
outlets in all systems, that may reasonably be expected 471-16-01
to supply equipment outdoors, need to be protected by
an RCD or RCBO with a rated residual operating current
of 30 mA (all RCDs or RCBOs to comply with BS 4293,
BS 7288, BS EN 61008 or BS EN 61009).
601-09-02
Certain equipment in bathrooms requires RCD protection. 601-09-03

48

7.2.4 TT Systems

For TT systems the figures for TN-C-S systems, with 5s

disconnection time may be used provided that:

(i) the circuit is controlled by an RCD to BS 4293, BS EN

61008 or BS EN 61009 with a rated residual operating
current not exceeding 200 mA, and

(ii) the total earth fault loop impedance is verified as being

less than 200 ohms, and

(iii) a device giving both overload and short-circuit protection

is installed in the circuit. This may be an RCBO.

7.2.5 Choice of Protective Device

The selection of protective device depends upon:

(i) prospective fault current

(ii) circuit load characteristics
(iii) cable current-carrying capacity
(iv) disconnection time limit.

Whilst these factors have generally been allowed for in the

conventional final circuits in Table 7.1, the following guidance is
given:

(i) prospective fault current

If a protective device is to operate safely its rated short­ 434-03-01

circuit capacity must exceed the prospective fault current
at the point it is installed.

At the origin of the installation the supplier needs to be 313-01-01

consulted as to the prospective fault current. Except for
London and some other major city centres, the maximum
fault current for 230 V single-phase supplies up to 100 A
will not exceed 16 kA.

Consumer units including protective devices complying

as a whole assembly with BS 5486-13 or BS EN 60439-3
are suitable for locations with fault currents up to 16kA
when supplied through a Type II fuse to BS 1361 : 1971
(1992) rated at no more than 100 A.

49

TABLE 7.2A

Rated Short-Circuit-Capacities
Rated short­
Device
Device Type circuit capacity
designation
kA
Semi-enclosed fuse to BS 3036 S1A 1
With category of duty S2A 2
S4A 4

Cartridge fuse to BS 1361 Type I 16.5

Type II 33.0

General purpose fuse to BS 88-2.1 50 at 425 V

General purpose fuse to BS 88-6 16.5 at 240 V

80 at 415 V

Circuit-breakers to BS 3871 M1 1
(replaced by BS EN 60898) M1.5 1.5
M3 3
M4.5 4.5
M6 6
M9 9

Circuit-breakers to BS EN 60898* and Icn Ics

RCBOs to BS EN 61009 1.5 (1.5)
3.0 (3.0)
6 (6.0)
10 (7.5)
15 (7.5)
20 (10.0)
25 (12.5)
• Two rated short-circuit ratings are defined in BS EN 60898 and BS EN 61009

(a) Icn the short-circuit capacity (marked on the device)

(b) Ics the service short-circuit capacity

The difference between the two is the condition of the circuit-breaker after
manufacturer’s testing. Icn is the maximum fault current the breaker can interrupt
safely, although the breaker may no longer be usable. Ics is the maximum fault
current the breaker can interrupt safely without loss of performance. The Icn value is
normally marked on the device in a rectangle e.g. 6000 and for the majority of
applications the prospective fault current at the terminals of the circuit-breaker should
not exceed this value. For domestic installations the prospective fault current is
unlikely to exceed 6kA up to which value Icn and Ics values are the same. The short­
circuit capacity of devices to BS EN 60947-2 is as specified by the manufacturer.

50

(i) circuit load characteristics

(a) semi-enclosed fuses – fuses should preferably be of the 533-01-04

cartridge type. Semi-enclosed fuses are still commonly
used in domestic and similar premises only

(b) cartridge fuses to BS 1361 – these are for use in

domestic and similar premises

(c) cartridge fuses to BS 88 – three types are specified:

gG fuse links with a full-range breaking capacity for

general application

gM fuse links with a full-range breaking capacity for

the protection of motor circuits

aM fuse links with partial range breaking capacity

for the protection of motor circuits.

(d) circuit-breakers to BS 3871-1 or BS EN 60898 and

RCBOs to BS EN 61009 – guidance on the selection is
given in Table 7.2B below.

TABLE 7.2B
Cb Instantaneous
Application
type trip current

1 2.7 to 4 In Domestic and commercial installations

B 3 to 5 In having little or no switching surge

2 4.0 to 7.0 In General use in commercial/industrial

C 5 to 10 In Installations where the use of fluorescent

3 7 to 10 In lighting, small motors etc can produce
switching surges that would operate a
Type 1 or B circuit-breaker. Type C or 3
may be necessary in highly inductive
circuits such as banks of fluorescent
lighting

4 10 to 50 In Suitable for transformers, X-ray machines,

D 10 to 20 In industrial welding equipment etc where
high inrush currents may occur

Where In is the nominal rating of the device.

51

(ii) cable current carrying capacities

For guidance on the co-ordination of device and cable App 3

ratings see Appendix 6 App 4

(iii) disconnection times 413-02-09

413-02-13
The protective device must operate within 0.4 or 5
seconds as appropriate for the circuit. Appendix 2
provides maximum permissible measured earth fault loop
impedances for fuses, circuit-breakers and RCBOs.

7.3 Installation Considerations

7.3.1 Floors and ceilings

When a cable is installed under a floor or above a ceiling it shall 522-06-05

be run in such a position that it is not liable to damage by contact
with the floor or ceiling or their fixings. Unarmoured cables passing
through a joist shall be at least 50mm from the top or bottom as
appropriate or enclosed in earthed steel conduit. Alternatively, the
cables can be provided with mechanical protection sufficient to
prevent penetration of the cable by nails, screws and the like.
(Note, the requirement to prevent penetration is difficult to meet).

Fig 7.3.1: Cables through joists

Notes:

1 Maximum diameter of hole should be 0.25 x joist depth

2 Holes on centre line in a zone between 0.25 and 0.4 x span

3 Maximum depth of notch should be 0.125 x joist depth

4 Notches on top in a zone between 0.1 and 0.25 x span

5 Holes in the same joist should be at least 3 diameters apart

52

 7.3.2 Walls

Where a cable is concealed in a wall or partition at a depth of less 522-06-06

than 50 mm from any surface it must be enclosed in earthed metal
conduit (trunking or ducting) or installed either horizontally within
150 mm of the top of the wall or partition or vertically within 150
mm of the angle formed by two walls, or run horizontally or
vertically to an accessory or consumer unit (see Fig 7.3.2).

Fig 7.3.2: Permitted cable routes

7.3.3 Telecommunication Circuits 528-01-02

528-01-04
An adequate separation between telecommunication wiring (B and
I) and electric power and lighting (Band II) circuits must be
maintained. This is to prevent mains voltage appearing in
telecommunication circuits with consequent danger to personnel.
BS 6701 : 1994 recommends that the minimum separation
distances given in Tables 7.3A and 7.3B should be maintained:

TABLE 7.3A External Cables

Minimum separation distances between external low voltage

electricity supply cables operating in excess of 50 V a.c. or 120 V d.c.
to earth, but not exceeding 600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. to earth (Band II),
and Telecommunications cables (Band I).

Normal Exceptions to normal separation

Voltage to earth separation distances, plus conditions to
distances exception
Exceeding 50 V a.c. or
Below this figure a non-
120 V d.c., but not
50 mm conducting divider should be
exceeding 600 V a.c.
inserted between the cables
or 900 V d.c.

53

 TABLE 7.3B Internal Cables

Minimum separation distances between internal low voltage

electricity supply cables operating in excess of 50 V a.c. or 120 V d.c.
to earth, but not exceeding 600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. to earth (Band II)
and Telecommunications cables (Band I).

Normal Exceptions to normal separation

Voltage to earth separation distances, plus conditions to
distances exception
Exceeding 50 V a.c. or
120 V d.c., but not 50 mm separation need not be
50 mm
exceeding 600 V a.c. maintained, provided that:
or 900 V d.c.
(i) the LV cables are enclosed in
separate conduit which if
metallic is earthed in accordance
with BS 7671 OR
(ii) the LV cables are enclosed in
separate trunking which if
metallic is earthed in accordance
with BS 7671 OR
(iii) the LV cable is of the mineral
insulated type or is of earthed
armoured construction

Notes:

1. Where the LV cables share the same tray then the normal
separation should be met.

2. Where LV and telecommunications cables are obliged to cross

additional insulation should be provided at the crossing point;
this is not necessary if either cable is armoured.

7.3.4 Proximity to Other Systems 528-02

Electrical and all other services must be protected from any

harmful mutual effects foreseen as likely under conditions of
normal service. For example, cables should not be in contact with 528-02-02
or run alongside hot pipes.

The installation must comply with BS 7671, Chapter 52 and

Chapter 54, regarding separation and bonding.

A particular form of harmful effect may occur when an electrical

installation shares the space occupied by a hearing aid induction
loop.

54

Under these circumstances, if phase(s) and neutral or switch

feeds and switch wires are not close together, there may be
interference with the induction loop.

This can occur when a conventional two-way circuit is installed.

This effect can be reduced by connecting as shown in Fig 7.3.4.

Fig 7.3.4: Circuit for reducing interference with induction loop

7.3.5 Height of switches, sockets etc

Accessories for general use, such as light switches and socket-

outlets, are required by the Building Regulations to be located so
that they can be used by people whose reach is limited. A way of
satisfying this requirement is to install switches for lights and
similar equipment and socket-outlets at a height of between 450 553-01-06
mm and 1200 mm from finished floor level. See Figure 8A in
Appendix 8.

55

7.4 Smoke Alarms and Emergency Lighting

7.4.1 Smoke alarms in single dwellings

The Building Regulations 1991 and the Building Standards

(Scotland) Regulations 1990 require all new and refurbished
dwellings to be fitted with mains operated smoke alarms. The
requirements for single family dwellings of not more than two
storeys are that self-contained smoke alarms should be installed
as follows:

1) at least one on each floor

2) within 7m of kitchens and living rooms or other areas

where fires may start e.g. integral garages

3) within 3m of all bedroom doors.

The smoke alarm must be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions, generally on ceilings and at least
300mm from and wall or ceiling luminaire.

The alarms are required to :-

- be interconnected so that detection of smoke by one unit

operates the alarm in all units

- be permanently wired to a separate way in the distribution

board (consumer unit), or supplied from a local, regularly
used lighting circuit

- have battery backup

Except for TT supplies, the circuit supplying a smoke alarm should

not be protected by an RCD. For TT supplies the smoke alarm
must be supplied from the fixed equipment section, that is not
through a 30 mA RCD, see Figure 3a.

The cable for the power supply to each self-contained unit and for

the interconnections need have no fire retardant properties, and

needs no special segregation. Otherwise, fire alarm system cables 528-01-04

generally are required to be segregated as per BS 5839-1 and

BS5839-6, see Table 7.4

56

 TABLE 7.4 Segregation requirements of fire alarm and emergency

lighting standards

Fire alarms Emergency lighting

BS 5839 BS 5266

A - physical segregation
A - installation in conduit, ducting, trunking or a channel
by a minimum distance of
reserved for fire alarms, or
300 mm, or
B - a mechanically strong, rigid and continuous partition B - use of mineral cables,
of non-combustible material, or or
C - mounting at a distance of at least 300 mm from C - cables to BS 6387 Cat
conductors of other systems, or B
D - wiring in cables complying with BS 7629, or

E - wiring in mineral insulated copper sheathed cable

with an insulating sheath or barrier. The exposed-to-
Table 4J1A
touch rating of the IEE Wiring Regulations should not be
exceeded

7.4.2 Emergency lighting

The wiring to self-contained emergency lighting luminaires is not

considered part of the emergency lighting installation and needs

no special segregation. Otherwise, emergency lighting and fire 528-01-04

alarm circuits must be separated from other cables and from each

other, in compliance with BS 5266, see Table 7.4.

57

SECTION 8. SPECIAL LOCATIONS GIVING RISE TO INCREASED

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

8.1 Locations Containing a Bath or Shower

8.1.1 Because of the presence of water these locations are

onerous for equipment and there is an increased danger
of electric shock because of immersion of the body in
water.

The additional requirements can be summarised as follows:

(i) No socket-outlets are allowed other than SELV and 601-08-01

shaver supply units – see Table 8.1.

(ii) Supplementary bonding of the terminals of the protective 601-04-01

conductors of circuits to Class I and Class II equipment in 601-04-02
the zones (see Figure 4d) to exposed-conductive-parts in
the zones is required, including:
- metal pipes both water and central heating
- metal baths and shower basins
- accessible metal structural parts of the building.
The supplementary bonding must be carried out in or in
close proximity to the zones. See Figures 4d and 4e.

(iii) Protection against ingress of moisture is specified for 601-06-01

equipment installed in the zones – see Figure 4d and
Table 8.1. The requirements apply to appliances,
switchgear and wiring accessories.

(iv) There are restrictions as to where appliances, switchgear 601-08

and wiring accessories may be installed – see Table 8.1. 601-09

8.1.2 Underfloor heating installations in these areas should 601-09-04

have an overall earthed metallic grid or the heating cable
should have an earth metallic sheath, which must be
supplementary bonded.

58

59

8.2 Shower Cubicles in a Room used for Other Purposes 601-08-02

Where a shower cubicle is installed in a room other than a

bathroom or shower room the requirements for bathrooms and
shower rooms are generally to be complied with, except that
socket-outlets are allowed outside zones 0, 1, 2 and 3 provided
they are protected by a 30 mA RCD, and no supplementary
bonding is required in zone 3. 601-04-02

8.3 Temporary and Garden Buildings, Domestic Garages, 300-01

Buildings of Lightweight Construction etc

The use of a temporary building does not permit a lower standard

of electrical installation. The standards of installation and

maintenance need to be higher to cope with the more onerous

conditions. Particular attention must be pain to:

(i) suitability of the equipment for the environment

(ii) earthing and bonding

(iii) connection to the supply

(iv) use of accessories of the appropriate Degree of

Protection (IP code) to suit the particular external

influences.

8.4 Earthing requirements of Equipment having High 607

Protective Conductor Current

Equipment

Equipment having a protective conductor current exceeding 3.5mA 607-02-02

shall be either permanently connected to the fixed wiring or
connected by means of an industrial plug and socket to BS EN
60309-2.

Equipment having a protective conductor current exceeding 10mA 607-02-03

shall be connected preferably by a permanent connection, or an
industrial plug and socket to BS EN 60309-2 with a protective
2
conductor csa of at least 2.5 mm for plugs up to 16 A and at least
4 mm2 for plugs rated above 16 A.

Circuits

The wiring of every final circuit and distribution circuit having a 607-02-04
protective conductor current likely to exceed 10 mA shall have
high integrity protective conductor connections comprising either:
(i) a single copper protective conductor complying with
2
Section 543 and of csa not less than 10 mm , or

60

(ii) a single copper protective conductor complying with

Section 543 and of csa not less than 4 mm2 enclosed in
conduit, or
(iii) duplicate protective conductors, each complying with
Section 543

Socket outlet final circuits

For socket-outlet final circuits requiring a high integrity protective 607-03-01

conductor connection, the following arrangements are acceptable:
(i) a ring circuit with a ring protective conductor (Fig 8.4a), or
(ii) a radial circuit with a single protective conductor (Fig
8.4b) connected as a ring or an additional protective
conductor provided by conduit, trunking or ducting

When the two protective conductors are provided the ends must
be terminated independently of each other at all connection points
e.g. distribution board and socket-outlet. Accessories are required
to have two separate earth terminals.

Fig 8.4a: Ring final circuit supplying socket-outlets

(total protective conductor current exceeding 10 mA)

Fig 8.4b: Radial circuit supplying socket-outlets with

duplicate protective conductor
(total protective conductor current exceeding 10 mA)

61

SECTION 9. INSPECTION AND TESTING Part 7

9.1 Inspection and Testing

Every installation must be inspected and tested during erection 711-01-01

and on completion before being put into service.

Precautions shall be taken to avoid danger to persons and to 711-01-01

avoid damage to property and installed equipment during
inspection and testing.

If the inspection and tests are satisfactory, a signed Electrical 741

Installation Certificate together with a Schedule of Inspections and
a Schedule of Test Results (as in Appendix 7) are to be given to
the person ordering the work.

9.2 Inspection

9.2.1 Procedure and Purpose

Inspection shall precede testing and shall normally be done with 712-01-01
that part of the installation under inspection disconnected from the
supply.

The purpose of the inspection is to verify that equipment is: 712-01-02

(i) correctly selected and erected in accordance with

BS7671 (and if appropriate its own standard)
(ii) not visibly damaged or defective so as to impair safety.

9.2.2 Inspection Checklist 712-01-03

The inspection shall include at least the checking of relevant items

from the following checklist:

(i) connections of conductors

(ii) identification of conductors

(iii) routing of cables in safe zones or protected against

mechanical damage

(iv) selection of conductors for current-carrying capacity and

voltage drop, in accordance with the design

(v) connection of single-pole devices for protection or

switching in phase conductors only

62

(vi) correct connection of accessories and equipment

(including polarity)

(vii) presence of fire barriers, suitable seals and protection

against thermal effects

(viii) methods of protection against electric shock

(a) protection against both direct contact and

indirect contact, i.e.:

- SELV

- Limitation of discharge of energy

(b) protection against direct contact (including

measurement of distances where appropriate),
i.e.:

- protection by insulation of live parts

- protection by barriers or enclosure
- protection by PELV

(c) protection against indirect contact:

- earthed equipotential bonding and

automatic disconnection of supply
presence of earthing conductor
presence of protective conductors
presence of main equipotential
bonding conductors
presence of supplementary
equipotential bonding conductors
- use of Class II equipment or equivalent
- electrical separation

(ix) prevention of mutual detrimental influence 515

Account must be taken of the proximity of other electrical 528

services of a different voltage band and of non-electrical
services and influences.

Fire alarm and emergency lighting circuits must be 528-01-04

separated from other cables and from each other, in
compliance with BS 5839 and BS 5266, see 7.4.1 and
7.4.2.

63

 Band I and Band II circuit cables may not be present in 528-01-02

the same enclosure or wiring system unless they are
either separated by an effective barrier or wired with
cables suited to the highest voltage present. Where 528-01-07
common boxes are used for Band I and Band II circuits,
the circuits must be segregated by an insulating or
earthed partition.

Mixed categories of circuits may be contained in 528-01-02

multicore cables, subject to specific requirements.

Definitions of voltage bands Part 2

Band I circuit:

Circuits that are nominally extra-low i.e. not exceeding

50V a.c. or 120V d.c. e.g. SELV, PELV,
telecommunications, data and signalling.

Band II circuit:

Circuits that are nominally low voltage, that is 51 to

1000V a.c. and 120 to 1500V d.c. Telecommunication
cables that are generally ELV but have ringing voltages
exceeding 50V are Band I.

(x) presence of appropriate devices for isolation and 131-14-01

switching correctly located

(xi) p
resence of undervoltage protective devices (where 451
appropriate)

(xii) choice and setting of protective and monitoring devices

(for protection against indirect contact and/or protection
against overcurrent)

(xiii) labelling of circuits, cbs, RCDs, fuses, switches and 514

terminals, main earthing and bonding connections

(xiv) s election of equipment and protective measures 522

appropriate to external influences

(xv) adequacy of access to switchgear and equipment

(xvi) presence of danger notices and other warning signs (see

Section 6)

64

(xvii) presence of diagrams, instructions and similar information

514-09

(xviii) erection methods

522

(xix) requirements for special locations

600

9.3 Testing
713

Testing must include the relevant tests from the following

checklist.

When a test shows a failure to comply, the installation must be 713-01-01

corrected. The test must then be repeated, as must any earlier test
that could have been influenced by the failure.

9.3.1 Testing Checklist

(i) continuity of protective conductors (including main and 713-02-01

supplementary equipotential bonding conductors)

(ii) continuity of ring final circuit conductors including 713-03-01

protective conductors

(iii) insulation resistance (between live conductors and

713-04
between each live conductor and earth)

(iv) polarity; this includes checks that single-pole control and

713-09
protective devices (e.g. switches, circuit-breakers, fuses)

are connected in the phase conductor only, that bayonet

and Edison-screw lampholders (except for E14 and E27

to BS EN 60238) have their outer contacts connected to

the neutral conductor and that wiring has been correctly

connected to socket-outlets and other accessories

(v) earth electrode resistance

713-10

(vi) earth fault loop impedance

713-11

(vii) prospective fault current, if not determined by enquiry of

713-12
the electricity supplier

(viii) functional testing (including RCDs and RCBOs).

713-13

65

SECTION 10. GUIDANCE NOTES ON INITIAL TESTING OF

INSTALLATIONS

10.1 Safety and equipment 711-01-01

Electrical testing involves danger. It is the tester’s duty to ensure

his or her own safety, and the safety of others, in the performance
of the test procedures. When using test instruments, this is best
achieved by precautions such as:

(i) an understanding of the correct application and use of the

test instrumentation, leads, probes and accessories to be
employed
(ii) checking that the test instrumentation is made in
accordance with the appropriate safety standards such
as BS EN 61243-3 for two-pole voltage detectors and
BS EN 61010 or BS EN 61557 for instruments
(iii) checking before use that all leads, probes, accessories
(including all devices such as crocodile clips used to
attach conductors) and instruments are clean,
undamaged and functioning
(iv) observing the safety measures and procedures set out in
HSE Guidance Note GS 38 for all instruments, leads,
probes and accessories. It should be noted that some
test instrument manufacturers advise that their
instruments be used in conjunction with fused test leads
and probes. Other manufacturers advise the use of non-
fused leads and probes when the instrument has in-built
electrical protection, but it should be noted that such
electrical protection does not extend to the probes and
leads.

10.2 Sequence of Tests 713-01-01

Note: The advice given does not preclude other test methods.

Tests should be carried out in the following sequence:

10.2.1 Before the supply is connected

(i) continuity of protective conductors, including main and

supplementary bonding
(ii) continuity of ring final circuit conductors, including
protective conductors
(iii) insulation resistance
(iv) polarity (by continuity methods)

66

(v) earth electrode resistance, when using an earth electrode

resistance tester (see also vii)

10.2.2 With the supply connected

(vi) re-check of polarity

(vii) earth electrode resistance, when using a loop impedance

tester
(viii) earth fault loop impedance
(ix) prospective fault current measurement, if not determined
by enquiry of the electricity supplier
(x) functional testing.

Results obtained during various tests should be recorded in the 741-01-01

Schedule of Test Results (Appendix 7) for future reference.

10.3 Test Procedures

10.3.1 ontinuity of protective and bonding conductors (except 713-02-01

C
ring final circuits, see Para 10.3.2)

Test Methods 1 and 2 are alternative ways of testing the continuity

of protective conductors.

Every protective conductor including the earthing conductor, main

and supplementary bonding conductors should be tested to verify
that the conductors are electrically sound and correctly connected.

Test Method 1 detailed below, as well as checking the continuity of

the protective conductor, also measures (R1+R2) which, when
added to the external impedance (Ze),enables the earth fault loop
impedance (Zs) to be checked against the design, see Section
10.3.6. Note: (R1+R2) is the sum of the resistances of the phase
conductor (R1) and the circuit protective conductor (R2) between
the point of utilisation and origin of the installation.

Use an ohmmeter capable of measuring a low resistance for these

tests.

Test Method 1 can only be used to measure (R1+R2) for an ‘all

insulated’ installation. Installations incorporating steel conduit, steel
trunking, micc and pvc/swa cables will produce parallel paths to
protective conductors. Such installations should be inspected for
soundness of construction and Test Method 1 or 2 used to prove
continuity.

67

68

10.3.1 (I) To test the continuity of protective conductors 713-02-01

Test Method 1

Bridge the phase conductor to the protective conductor at the

distribution board so as to include all the circuit. Then test between
phase and earth terminals at each point in the circuit. The
measurement at the circuit’s extremity should be recorded and is
the value of (R1+R2) for the circuit under test (see Fig 10.1).

If the instrument does not include an “auto-null” facility, or this is

not used, the resistance of the test leads should be measured and
deducted from the resistance readings obtained.

Test Method 2

Connect one terminal of the continuity test instrument to a long

test lead and connect this to the consumer’s main earthing
terminal.

Connect the other terminal of the instrument to another test lead

and use this to make contact with the protective conductor at
various points on the circuit, such as luminaires, switches, spur
outlets etc.

The resistance of the protective conductor R2 is recorded on the

Schedule of Test Results, form F4.

10.3.1 (ii) To test the continuity of bonding conductors 713-02-01

Use Test Method 2

10.3.2 Continuity of ring final circuit conductors 713-03-01

A three step test is required to verify the continuity of the phase,

neutral and protective conductors and correct wiring of every ring

final circuit. The test results show if the ring has been inter-

connected to create an apparently continuous ring circuit which is

in fact broken, or wrongly wired.

Step 1:

The phase, neutral and protective conductors are identified and

the end-to-end resistance of each is measured separately (see

Fig10.2a). These resistances are r1, rn and r2 respectively. A finite

reading confirms that there is no open circuit on the ring

conductors under test. The resistance values obtained should be

the same (within 0.05 ohm) if the conductors are the same size.

69

If the protective conductor has a reduced csa the resistance r2 of

the protective conductor loop will be proportionately higher than
that of the phase and neutral loops e.g. 1.67 times for 2.5 /
1/5mm2 cable. If these relationships are not achieved then either
the conductors are incorrectly identified or there is something
wrong at one or more of the accessories.

Step 2:
The phase and neutral conductors are then connected together so
that the outgoing phase conductor is connected to the returning
neutral conductor and vice-versa (see Fig 10.2b). The resistance
between phase and neutral conductors is measured at each
socket outlet. The readings at each of the sockets wired into the
ring will be substantially the same and the value will be
approximately one quarter of the resistance of the phase plus the
neutral loop resistances, i.e. (r1+rn)/4. Any sockets wired as spurs
will have a higher resistance value due to the resistance of the
spur conductors.

Note: Where single core cables are used, care should be taken to verify
that the phase and neutral conductors of opposite ends of the ring circuit
are connected together. An error in this respect will be apparent from the
readings taken at the socket outlets, progressively increasing in value as
readings are taken towards the midpoint of the ring, then decreasing again
towards the other end of the ring.

Step 3:
The above step is then repeated, this time with the phase and cpc
cross-connected (see Fig 10.2c). The resistance between phase
and earth is measured at each socket. The readings obtained at
each of the sockets wired into the ring will be substantially the
same and the value will be approximately one quarter of the
resistance of the phase plus cpc loop resistances, i.e. (r1+r2)/4. As
before, a higher resistance value will be recorded at any sockets
wired as spurs. The highest value recorded represents the
maximum (R1+R2) of the circuit and is recorded on Form F4. The
value can be used to determine the earth loop impedance (Zs) of
the circuit to verify compliance with the loop impedance
requirements of BS 7671 (see Appendix 9).

This sequence of tests also verifies the polarity of each socket,

except that if the testing has been carried out at the terminals on
the reverse of accessories, a visual inspection is required to
confirm correct polarity connections, and dispenses with the need
for a separate polarity test.

70

71

10.3.3 Insulation resistance 713-04

Pre-test checks

10.3.3(I)

(a) pilot or indicator lamps, and capacitors are disconnected

from circuits to avoid misleading test values being
obtained.

(b) if a circuit includes voltage-sensitive electronic devices

such as dimmer switches, touch switches, delay timers,
power controllers, electronic starters or controlgear for
fluorescent lamps etc either:

(1) the devices must be temporarily disconnected, or

(2) a measurement should be made between live
conductors (phase and neutral) connected
together and the protective earth only

It should also be confirmed that there are no RCDs incorporating

electronic amplifiers, before the test is made.

10.3.3(ii)

Tests should be carried out using the appropriate d.c. test voltage
specified in Table 10.1.

The tests should be made at each distribution with the main switch
off, all fuses in place, switches and circuit-breakers closed, lamps
removed and other current-using equipment disconnected. Where
the removal of lamps and/or the disconnection of current-using
equipment is impracticable, the local switches controlling such
lamps and/or equipment should be open.

72

Where any circuits contain two-way switching the two-way

switches must be operated one at a time and further insulation
resistance tests carried out to ensure that all the circuit wiring is
tested.

TABLE 10.1 TABLE 71A

Minimum values of insulation resistance

Minimum
Circuit nominal Test
insulation
voltage Voltage
resistance
V d.c.
(M ohms)

SELV and PELV 250 0.25

Up to and including 500 V with the

exception of SELV and PELV, but 500 0.5
including FELV

Although an insulation resistance value of not less than 0.5

megohm complies with BS 7671, where an insulation resistance of
less than 2 megohms is recorded the possibility of latent defect
exists. Each circuit should then be tested separately, and its
insulation resistance should be greater than 2 megohms.

Where electronic devices are disconnected for the purpose of the 713-04-04
tests on the installation wiring (and the devices have exposed-
conductive-parts required by Bs 7671 to be connected to the
protective conductors) the insulation resistance between the
exposed-conductive parts and all live parts of the device (phase
and neutral connected together) should be measured separately
and should not be less than the values stated in Table 10.1.

10.3.3(iii) Insulation resistance between live conductors 713-04

Single-phase and three-phase

Test between all the live (phase and neutral) conductors at the
distribution board (see Fig 10.3).

73

74

Resistance readings obtained should not be less than the

minimum values referred to in Table 10.1.

10.3.3(iv) Insulation resistance to Earth 713-04

Single-phase

Test between the live conductors (phase and neutral) and the
circuit protective conductors at the distribution board (see
Fig10.4).

For circuits containing two-way switching or two-way and

intermediate switching the switches must be operated one at a
time and the circuit subjected to additional insulation resistance
tests.

Three-phase

Test to earth from all live conductors (including the neutral)

connected together. Where a low reading is obtained it is
necessary to test each conductor separately to earth, after
disconnecting all equipment.

Resistance readings obtained should be not less than the

minimum values referred to in Table 10.1.

10.3.3 (v) SELV and PELV circuits Table 71A

Test between SELV and PELV circuits and live parts of other
circuits at 500 V d.c.

Test between SELV or PELV conductors at 250 V d.c. and

between PELV conductors and protective conductors of the PELV
circuit at 250 V d.c.

10.3.3 (vi) FELV circuits 471-14-03

FELV circuits are tested as LV circuits at 500 V d.c.

75

76

77

10.3.4 Polarity 713-09

See Figure 10.5

The method of test prior to connecting the supply is the same as

Test Method 1 for checking the continuity of protective conductors
which should have already been carried out (see 10.3.1, 10.3.2
and Figs 10.1 and 10.2). For ring circuits a visual check may be
required (see 10.3.2 following step 3).

It is important to confirm that:

(i) overcurrent devices and single-pole controls are in the 713-09-01

phase conductor

(ii) except for E14 and E27 lampholders to BS EN 60238, 713-09-01

centre contact screw lampholders have the outer
threaded contact connected to the neutral and

(iii) socket polarities are correct 713-09-01

After connection of the supply polarity must be checked using a

voltmeter or a test lamp (both with leads complying with HSE
Guidance Note GS 38).

10.3.5 Earth Electrode Resistance 713-10

If the electrode under test is being used in conjunction with an

RCD protecting an installation, the following method of test may be
applied.

A loop impedance tester is connected between the phase

conductor at the origin of the installation and the earth electrode
with the test link open and a test performed. This impedance
reading is treated as the electrode resistance and is then added to
the resistance of the protective conductor for the protected circuits.
The test should be carried out before energising the remainder of
the installation.

The measured resistance should meet the following criteria and 542-02-02
those of 10.3.6 but in any case should not exceed 200 ohms:

For TT systems, the value of the earth electrode resistance RA in 413-02-20

ohms multiplied by the operating current in amperes of the
protective device I∆n shall not exceed 50 V e.g. if RA = 200 Ω, then
the maximum RCD operating current should not exceed 250 mA.
Remember to replace the test link.

78

10.3.6 Earth Fault Loop Impedance 713-11

The earth fault loop impedance (Zs) is required to be determined 413-02-10

for the furthest point of each circuit. It may be determined 413-02-11
413-02-14
- by direct measurement of Zs

- by direct measurement of Ze at the origin and adding

(R1+R2) measured during the continuity tests (10.3.1 and

10.3.2) (Zs = Ze + (R1+R2))
- by adding (R1+R2) measured during the continuity test to
the value of Ze declared by the electricity supplier, (see
7.1(I)). The effectiveness of the supplier’s earth must be
confirmed by a test.

The external impedance Ze may be measured using a phase-earth

loop impedance tester.

The main switch is opened and made secure to disconnect the

installation from the source of the supply. The earthing conductor
is disconnected from the main earthing terminal and the
measurement made between phase and earth of the supply.

Remember to reconnect the earthing conductor to the earth

terminal after the tests.

Direct measurement of Zs can only be made on a live installation.

Neither the connection with earth nor bonding conductors are
disconnected. The reading given by the loop impedance tester will
usually be less than Ze + (R1+R2) because of parallel earth return
paths provided by any bonded extraneous-conductive-parts. This
must be taken into account when comparing the results with
design data.

Care should be taken to avoid any shock hazard to the testing

personnel and to other persons on site during the tests.

The values of Zs determined should be less than the value given in 413-02-08
Appendix 2 for the particular overcurrent device and cable. 543-01-03

For TN systems, when protection is afforded by an RCD, the rated 413-02-16

residual operating current in amperes times the earth fault loop
impedance in ohms should not exceed 50 V. This test should be
carried out before energising other parts of the system.

Note: For further information on the measurement of earth fault loop

impedance, refer to Guidance Note No 3 – Inspection and Testing.

79

10.3.7 Measurement of prospective fault current 712-12-01

It is not recommended that installation designs are based on 434-02-01

measured values of prospective fault current, as changes to the
supply network subsequent to the completion of the installation
may increase fault levels

Designs should be based on the maximum fault current provided 313-01-01

by the electricity supplier (see 7.2.5(I)).

If it is desired to measure prospective fault levels this should be

done with all main bonding in place. Measurements are made at
the distribution board between live conductors and between phase
conductors and earth.

For three-phase supplies the maximum possible fault level will be

approximately twice the single-phase to neutral value. (For three­
phase to earth faults, neutral and earth path impedances have no
influence).

10.3.8 Functional Testing 713-13

RCDs should be tested as described in Section 11. All assemblies 713-13-02

including switchgear, controls and interlocks should be functionally
tested; that is, operated to check that they work and are properly
fixed etc.

80

SECTION 11. OPERATION OF RESIDUAL CURRENT OPERATED

DEVICES (RCDs) AND RESIDUAL CURRENT
BREAKERS WITH OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
(RCBOs) 713-13-01

11.1 General Test Procedure

The tests are made on the load side of the RCD, as near as
practicable to its point of installation, and between the phase
conductor of the protected circuit and the associated circuit
protective conductor. The load supplied should be disconnected
during the test.

11.2 General purpose RCDs to BS 4293

(i) with a leakage current flowing equivalent of 50% of the

rated tripping current, the device should not open

(ii) with a leakage current flowing equivalent to 100% of the

rated tripping current of the RCD, the device should open
in less than 200mS. Where the RCD incorporates an
intentional time delay it should trip within a time range
from ‘50% of the rated time delay plus 200mS’ to ‘100%
of the rated time delay plus 200mS’.

11.3 General purpose RCCBs to BS EN 61008 or RCBOs to

BS EN 61009

(i) with a leakage current flowing equivalent of 50% of the

rated tripping current, the device should not open

(iii) with a leakage current flowing equivalent to 100% of the

rated tripping current of the RCD, the device should open
in less than 300mS unless it is of ‘Type S’ (or selective)
which incorporates an intentional time delay. In this case,
it should trip within a time range from 130mS to 500mS.

11.4 RCD protected socket-outlets to BS 7288

(i) with a leakage current flowing equivalent of 50% of the

rated tripping current, the device should not open

(ii) with a leakage current flowing equivalent to 100% of the

rated tripping current of the RCD, the device should open
in less than 200mS

81

11.5 Additional Requirement for Supplementary Protection 412-06-02

Where an RCD or RCBO with a rated residual operating current I∆n

not exceeding 30mA is used to provide supplementary protection
against direct contact, with a test current of 5I∆n the device should
open in less than 40mS. The maximum test time must not be
longer than 40mS, unless the protective conductor potential rises
by less than 50 V. (The instrument supplier will advise on
compliance).

11.6 Integral Test Device 713-13-02

An integral test device is incorporated in each RCD. This device

enables the electrical and mechanical parts of the RCD to be
verified, by pressing the button marked ‘T’ or ‘Test’.

Operation of the integral test device does not provide a means of

checking:

(a) the continuity of the earthing conductor or the associated

circuit protective conductors, or

(b) any earth electrode or other means of earthing, or

(c) any other part of the associated installation earthing.

The test button will only operate the RCD if the RCD is energised.

Confirm that the notice to test the RCD quarterly (by pressing the 514-12-02
test button) is fixed in a prominent position (see 6.1(xi)).

82

 APPENDICES
CONTENTS

Appendix Page

1 Maximum demand and diversity

84

2 Maximum permissible measured earth

fault loop impedance

88

3 Notes on the selection of types of cable

and flexible cord for particular uses and

external influences
94

4 Notes on methods of support for cables,

conductors and wiring systems

100

5 Cable capacities of conduit and trunking

109

6 Current-carrying capacities and voltage

drop for copper conductors

115

7 Certification and reporting

127

8 Standard circuit arrangement for

household and similar installations

150

9 Resistance of copper and aluminium

conductors
157

10 Protective conductor sizing

161

83

APPENDIX 1 311

MAXIMUM DEMAND AND DIVERSITY

This Appendix gives some information on the determination of the

maximum demand for an installation and includes the current
demand to be assumed for commonly used equipment. It also
includes some notes on the application of allowances for diversity.

The information and values given in this Appendix are intended

only for guidance because it is impossible to specify the
appropriate allowances for diversity for every type of installation
and such allowances call for special knowledge and experience.
The figures given in Table 1B, therefore, may be increased or
decreased as decided by the engineer responsible for the design of
the installation concerned. For blocks of residential dwellings, large
hotels, industrial and large commercial premises, the allowances
are to be assessed by a competent person.

The current demand of a final circuit is determined by summating

the current demands of all points of utilisation and equipment in the
circuit and, where appropriate, making an allowance for diversity.
Typical current demands to be used for this summation are given in
Table 1A.

The current demand of a circuit supplying a number of final circuits

may be assessed by using the allowances for diversity given in
Table 1B which are applied to the total current demand of all the
equipment supplied by that circuit and not by summating the
current demands of the individual final circuits obtained as outlined
above. In Table 1B the allowances are expressed either as
percentages of the current demand or, where followed by the
letters f.l., as percentages of the rated full load current of the
current-using equipment. The current demand for any final circuit
which is a conventional circuit arrangement complying with
Appendix 8 is the rated current of the overcurrent protective device
of that circuit.

An alternative method of assessing the current demand of a circuit

supplying a number of final circuits is to summate the diversified
current demands of the individual circuits and then apply a further
allowance for diversity. In this method the allowances given in
Table 1B are not to be used, the values to be chosen being the
responsibility of the designer of the installation.

84

The use of other methods of determining maximum demand is not

precluded where specified by a suitably qualified electrical
engineer. After the design currents for all the circuits have been
determined, enabling the conductor sizes to be chosen, it is
necessary to check that the limitation on voltage drop is met.

TABLE 1A
Current demand to be assumed for points of utilisation and current-
using equipment

Point of utilisation or current-using

Current demand to be assumed
equipment

Socket-outlets other than

2A socket-outlets and other than Rated current
13A socket-outlets – see Note 1

2A socket-outlets At least 0.5A

Current equivalent to the connected

Lighting outlet – see Note 2 load, with a minimum of 100W per
lampholder

Electric clock, shaver supply unit

(complying with BS3535), shaver
socket outlet (complying with
May be neglected
BS4573), bell transformer, and
current-using equipment of a rating
not greater than 5 VA

The first 10A of the rated current

plus 30% of the remainder of the
Household cooking appliance rated current plus 5A if a socket­
outlet is incorporated in the control
unit

British Standard rated current, or

All other stationary equipment
normal current

Note 1: See Appendix 8 for the design of standard circuits using socket­
outlets to BS 1363-2 and BS 4343.
Note 2: Final circuits for discharge lighting must be arranged so as to be
capable of carrying the total steady current, viz. That of the
lamp(s) and any associated gear and also their harmonic
currents. Where more exact information is not available, the
demand in volt-amperes is taken as the rated lamp watts
multiplied by not less than 1.8. This multiplier is based upon the
assumption that the circuit is corrected to a power factor of not
less than 0.85 lagging, and takes into account control gear losses
and harmonic current.

85

 TABLE 1B
Allowances for diversity

Types of premises
Purpose of final
circuit fed from
conductors or Individual household Small shops,
switchgear to Small hotels,
installations including stores, offices
which diversity boarding houses,
individual dwellings and business
applies guest houses, etc
of a block premises

66% of total current 90% of total 75% of total

1. Lighting
demand current demand current demand

100% f.l. of
100% of total current
100% f.l. of largest appliance
demand up to 10
2. Heating and largest appliance +80% f.l. of
amperes +50% of
power (but see 3 +75% of second largest
any current demand
to 8 below) remaining appliance +60%
in excess of 10
appliances f.l. of remaining
amperes
appliances

10 amperes +30% f.l. 100% f.l. of 100% f.l. of

of connected cooking largest appliance largest appliance
appliances in excess +80% f.l. of +80% f.l. of
3. Cooking
of 10 amperes +5 second largest second largest
appliances
amperes if socket­ appliance +60% appliance +60%
outlet incorporated in f.l. of remaining f.l. of remaining
control unit appliances appliances

100% f.l. of
4. Motors (other largest motor
100% f.l. of
than lift motors +80% f.l. of
largest motor
which are subject Not applicable second largest
+50% f.l. of
to special motor +60% f.l.
remaining motors
consideration of remaining
motors

100% f.l. of 100% f.l. of

100% f.l. of largest largest appliance largest appliance
5. Water-heaters appliance +100% f.l. +100% f.l. of +100% f.l. of
(instantaneous of second largest second largest second largest
type)* appliance +25% f.l. of appliance +25% appliance +25%
remaining appliances f.l. of remaining f.l. of remaining
appliances appliances

86

 TABLE 1B Continued
Allowances for diversity

Types of premises
Purpose of final
circuit fed from
conductors or Individual household Small shops,
switchgear to Small hotels,
installations including stores, offices
which diversity boarding houses,
individual dwellings and business
applies guest houses, etc
of a block premises

6. Water-heaters
(thermostatically No diversity allowable ⊗
controlled)

7. Floor warming
No diversity allowable ⊗
installations

8. Thermal
storage space
No diversity allowable ⊗
heating
installations

9. Standard 100% of current

arrangements of demand of largest 100% of current demand of largest
final circuits in circuit +40% of circuit +50% of current demand of
accordance with current demand of every other circuit
Appendix 8 every other circuit

100% of current
demand of
largest point of
10. Socket­ 100% of current
100% of current utilisation +75%
outlets other than demand of
demand of largest of current
those included in largest point of
point of utilisation demand of every
9 above and utilisation +70%
+40% of current other point in
stationary of current
demand of every main rooms
equipment other demand of every
other point of (dining rooms,
than those listed other point of
utilisation etc) +40% of
above utilisation
current demand
of every other
point of utilisation

• For the purpose of this Table an instantaneous water-heater is deemed to be a

water-heater of any loading which heats water only while the tap is turned on and
therefore uses electricity intermittently.

⊗ It is important to ensure that the distribution boards and consumer units are of
sufficient rating to take the total load connected to them without the application of
diversity

87

APPENDIX 2

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE MEASURED EARTH FAULT LOOP

IMPEDANCE

The Tables in this Appendix provide maximum permissible 713-11

measured earth fault loop impedances (Zs) for compliance with BS 413-02-05
7671 where the conventional final circuits of Table 7.1 are used. 413-02-10
The values are those that must not be exceeded in the tests carried 413-02-11
out under Para 10.3.6 at an ambient temperature of 10°C to 20°C. 413-02-14
Table 2E provides correction factors for other ambient 543-01-03
temperatures.

Where the cables to be used are to Table 5 or Table 6 of BS 6004

or Table 7 of BS 7211 or are other thermoplastic (pvc) or
thermosetting (lsf) cables to these British Standards, and the cable
loading is such that the maximum operating temperature is 70°C,
then Tables 2A, 2B and 2C give the maximum earth loop
impedances for circuits with:
2
(a) protective conductors of copper and having from 1 mm to
16 mm2 cross-sectional area,

(b) where the overcurrent protective device is a fuse to BS 88

Part 2 or Part 6, BS 1361 or BS 3036.

For each type of fuse, two tables are given:

- where the circuit concerned feeds socket-outlets and the

disconnection time for compliance with Regulation 413­
02-09 is 0.4s, and 413-02-09

- where the circuit concerned feeds fixed equipment only

and the disconnection time for compliance with Regulation
413-02-09 is 5s. 413-02-09

In each Table the earth fault loop impedances given correspond to

the appropriate disconnection time from a comparison of the
time/current characteristic of the device concerned and the
equation given in Regulation 543-01-03. 543-01-03

The tabulated values apply only when the nominal voltage to earth
(Uo) id 230 V.

Table 2D gives the maximum measured Zs for circuits protected by

circuit-breakers to BS 3871-1 and BS EN 60898, and RCBOs to BS
EN 61009.

88

Note: The impedances tabulated in this Appendix are lower than those
in Table 41B1, Table 41B2 and Table 41D of BS 7671 as these
are measured values at an assumed conductor temperature of
10°C, whilst those in BS 7671 are design figures at the conductor
normal operating temperature.

TABLE 2A Semi enclosed fuses

Maximum measured earth fault loop impedance (in ohms) when
overcurrent protective device is a semi enclosed fuse to BS 3036 (see Note)

(i) 0.4 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41B1
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 5 15 20 30 45

1.0 8.00 2.14 1.48 NP NP

1.5 8.00 2.14 1.48 0.91 NP
2.5 to 16.0 8.00 2.14 1.48 0.91 0.50

(ii) 5 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41D
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 5 15 20 30 45

1.0 14.80 4.46 2.79 NP NP

1.5 14.80 4.46 3.20 2.08 NP
2.5 14.80 4.46 3.20 2.21 1.20
4.0 to 16.0 14.80 4.46 3.20 2.21 1.33

Note: A value of k of 115 from Table 54C of BS 7671 is used. This is Table 54C
suitable for pvc insulated and sheathed cables to Table 5 or
Table 6 of BS 6004 and for lsf insulated and sheathed cables to
Table 7 of BS 7211. The k value is based on both the
thermoplastic (pvc) and thermosetting (lsf) cables operating at a
maximum temperature of 70°C.

NP protective conductor, fuse combination NOT PERMITTED

89

TABLE 2B BS 88 fuses
Maximum measured earth fault loop impedance (in ohms) when
overcurrent protective device is a fuse to BS 88 (see Note)

(i) 0.4 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41B1
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50

1.0 7.11 4.26 2.26 1.48 1.20 0.69 NP NP

1.5 7.11 4.26 2.26 1.48 1.20 0.87 0.67 NP
2.5 to 16.0 7.11 4.26 2.26 1.48 1.20 0.87 0.69 0.51

(ii) 5 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41D
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 6 10 16 20 25 32 40 50

1.0 11.28 6.19 3.20 1.75 1.24 0.69 NP NP

1.5 11.28 6.19 3.49 2.43 1.60 1.12 0.67 NP
2.5 11.28 6.19 3.49 2.43 1.92 1.52 1.13 0.56
4.0 11.28 6.19 3.49 2.43 1.92 1.52 1.13 0.81
6.0 to 16.0 11.28 6.19 3.49 2.43 1.92 1.52 1.13 0.87

Note: A value of k of 115 from Table 54C of BS 7671 is used. This is Table 54C
suitable for pvc insulated and sheathed cables to Table 5 or
Table 6 of BS 6004 and for lsf insulated and sheathed cables to
Table 7 of BS 7211. The k value is based on both the
thermoplastic (pvc) and thermosetting (lsf) cables operating at a
maximum temperature of 70°C.

NP protective conductor, fuse combination NOT PERMITTED

90

TABLE 2C BS 1361 fuses

Maximum measured earth fault loop impedance (in ohms) when
overcurrent protective device is a fuse to BS 1361 (see Note)

(i) 0.4 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41B1
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 5 15 20 30 45

1.0 8.72 2.74 1.42 0.80 NP

1.5 8.72 2.74 1.42 0.96 0.34
2.5 to 16.0 8.72 2.74 1.42 0.96 0.48

(ii) 5 second disconnection 413-02-05

Table 41D
543-01-03
Protective Fuse rating (amperes)
conductor
2
(mm ) 5 15 20 30 45

1.0 13.68 4.18 1.75 0.80 NP

1.5 13.68 4.18 2.24 1.20 0.34
2.5 13.68 4.18 2.34 1.54 0.53
4.0 13.68 4.18 2.34 1.54 0.70
6.0 to 16.0 13.68 4.18 2.34 1.54 0.80

Note: A value of k of 115 from Table 54C of BS 7671 is used. This is Table 54C
suitable for pvc insulated and sheathed cables to Table 5 or
Table 6 of BS 6004 and for lsf insulated and sheathed cables to
Table 7 of BS 7211. The k value is based on both the
thermoplastic (pvc) and thermosetting (lsf) cables operating at a
maximum temperature of 70°C.

NP protective conductor, fuse combination NOT PERMITTED

91

92

TABLE 2E

Ambient temperature correction factors

Ambient Correction factors (from

temperature °C 10°C) notes 1,2

0 0.96

5 0.98

10 1.00

20 1.04

25 1.06

30 1.08

Notes:

1 – The correction factor is given by: {1 + 0.004 (Ambient temp – 10)}

where 0.004 is the simplified resistance coefficient per °C at 20°C given by

BS 6360 for both copper and aluminium conductors

2 – The factors are different to those of Table 9B because Table 2E

corrects from 10°C and Table 9B from 20°C. The values in Tables 2A to 2D

are for a 10°C ambient.

The ambient correction factor of table 2E is applied to the earth

fault loop impedances of Tables 2A to 2D if the ambient
temperature is not within the range 10°C, to 20°C. For example, if
the ambient temperature is 25°C the measured earth fault loop
impedance of a circuit protected by a 32A type 1 mcb should not
exceed 1.50 x 1.06 = 1.59Ω.

93

 APPENDIX 3

NOTES ON THE SELECTION OF TYPES OF CABLE AND FLEXIBLE

CORD FOR PARTICULAR USES AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

For compliance with the requirements of Chapter 52 for the

selection and erection of wiring systems in relation to risks of
mechanical damage and corrosion, this Appendix lists in two tables
types of cable and flexible cord suitable for the uses intended.
These tables are not intended to be exhaustive and other
limitations may be imposed by the relevant Regulation of BS 7671,
in particular those concerning maximum permissible operating
temperatures.

Information is also included in this Appendix on protection against

corrosion of exposed metalwork of wiring systems

TABLE 3A
Application of cables for fixed wiring
Type of cable Uses Comments
(i) intermediate support may be
Thermoplastic (pvc) In conduits, cable ducting required on long vertical runs
or thermosetting or trunking
(ii) 70°C maximum conductor
insulated non­
temperature for normal wiring
sheathed
grades – including thermosetting
types (4)
(iii) cables run in pvc conduit shall
not operate with a conductor
temperature greater than 70°C
(4)

(i) general indoor use in dry (i) additional protection may be

Flat thermoplastic or damp locations. May be necessary where exposed to
(pvc) or embedded in plaster mechanical stresses
thermosetting,
insulated and (ii) protection from direct sunlight
sheathed (ii) on exterior surface walls may be necessary. Black sheath
boundary walls and the like colour is better for cables in
sunlight
(iii) overhead wiring
(iii) see Note (4)
between buildings (6)
(iv) underground in (iv) unsuitable for embedding
conduits or pipes directly in concrete

(v) may need to be hard drawn

(v) in building voids or
(HD) copper conductors for
ducts formed in situ
overhead wiring (Note 6)

94

 TABLE 3A continued
Application of cables for fixed wiring
Type of cable Uses Comments

(i) additional protection may be

Split-concentric necessary where exposed to
thermosetting (pvc) mechanical stresses
insulated and
sheathed General (ii) protection from direct sunlight
may be necessary. Black sheath
colour is better for cables in
sunlight
With overall pvc covering where
Mineral insulated exposed to the weather or risk of
General
corrosion, or where installed
underground, or in concrete ducts

(i) additional protection may be

Thermoplastic or necessary where exposed to
thermosetting mechanical stresses
insulated, armoured,
thermoplastic General (ii) protection from direct sunlight
sheathed may be necessary. Black sheath
colour is better for cables in
sunlight

With armouring where exposed to

Paper insulated, lead General, for main
severe mechanical stresses or
sheathed and served distribution cables
where installed underground
Notes:

1 – The use of cable covers (preferably conforming to BS 2484) or equivalent

mechanical protection is desirable for all underground cables which might otherwise

subsequently be disturbed. Route marker tape should also be installed, buried just

below ground level.

2 – Cables having thermoplastic (pvc) insulation or sheath should preferably not be

used where the ambient temperature is consistently below 0°C or has been within the

preceding 24 hours. Where they are to be installed during a period of low temperature

precautions should be taken to avoid risk of mechanical damage during handling. A

minimum ambient temperature of 5°C is advised in BS 7540 : 1994 for some types of

pvc insulated and sheathed cables.

3 – Cables must be suitable for the maximum ambient temperature, and shall be

protected from any excess heat produced by other equipment, including other cables.

4 – Thermosetting cable types (to BS 7211 or BS 5467) can operate with a conductor

temperature of 90°C. This must be limited to 70°C when drawn into a conduit etc. with

thermoplastic (pvc) insulated conductor (521-07-03) or connected to electrical

equipment (512-02-01 and 523-01-01), or when such cables are installed in plastic

conduit or trunking.

5 – For cables to BS 6004, BS 6007, BS 7211, BS 6346, BS 5467 and BS 6724,

further guidance may be obtained from those standards. Additional advice is given in

BS 7540 : 1994 “Guide to use of cables with a rated voltage not exceeding 450/750V”

for cables to BS 6004, BS 6007 and BS 7211.

95

6 – Cables for overhead wiring between buildings must be able to support their own
weight and any imposed wind or ice/snow loading. A catenary support is usual but
hard drawn copper types may be used.

Migration of plasticiser from thermoplastic (pvc) materials

Thermoplastic (pvc) sheathed cables, including thermosetting

insulated with thermoplastic sheath e.g. lsf, must be separated
from expanded polystyrene materials to prevent take up of the
cable plasticiser by the polystyrene as this will reduce the flexibility
of the cables.

Thermal Insulation

Thermoplastic (pvc) sheathed cables in roof spaces must be

clipped clear of any insulation made of expanded polystyrene
granules.

Cable Clips

Polystyrene cable clips are softened by contact with thermoplastic

(pvc). Nylon and polypropylene are unaffected.

Grommets

Natural rubber grommets can be softened by contact with

thermoplastic (pvc). Synthetic rubbers are more resistant.
Thermoplastic (pvc) grommets are not affected, but could affect
other plastics.

Wood Preservatives

Thermoplastic (pvc) sheathed cables should be covered to prevent

contact with preservative fluids during application. After the solvent
has evaporated (good ventilation is necessary) the preservative
has no effect.

Creosote

Creosote should not be applied to thermoplastic (pvc) sheathed

cables because it causes decomposition, solution, swelling and
loss of pliability.

96

 TABLE 3B
Applications of flexible cables and cords to BS6500:2000 and
BS7919:2001 generally
Type of flexible cord Uses
Light thermoplastic (pvc) Indoors in household or commercial premises in
insulated and sheathed dry situations, for light duty
(i) indoors in household or commercial premises,
including damp situations, for medium duty
Ordinary thermoplastic (ii) for cooking and heating appliances where not
(pvc) insulated and in contact with hot parts
sheathed (iii) for outdoor use other than in agricultural or
industrial applications
(iv) electrically powered hand tools
60°C thermosetting
Indoors in household or commercial premises
(rubber) insulated braided
where subject only to low mechanical stresses
twin and three-core
(i) indoors in household or commercial premises
60°C thermosetting where subject only to low mechanical stresses
(rubber) insulated and (ii) occasional use outdoors
sheathed
(iii) electrically powered hand tools
60°C thermosetting (i) general, unless subject to severe mechanical
(rubber) insulated oil­ stresses
resisting and flame (ii) fixed installations protected in conduit or other
retardant sheath enclosure
85°C thermosetting
General, including hot situations, e.g. night
(rubber) insulated HOFR
storage heaters and immersion heaters
sheathed
85°C heat resisting
General, including hot situations, e.g. for pendant
thermoplastic (pvc)
luminaires
insulated and sheathed

150°C thermosetting (i) at high ambient temperatures

(rubber) insulated and
braided (ii) in or on luminaires

185°C glass fibre insulated

For internal wiring of luminaires only and then
single-core twisted twin and
only where permitted by BS 4533
three-core
(i) dry situations at high ambient temperatures
185°C glass fibre insulated and not subject to abrasions or undue flexing
braided circular
(ii) wiring of luminaires
Notes :

1 – Cables and cords having thermoplastic (pvc) insulation or sheath should

preferably not be used where the ambient temperature is consistently below 0°C.

Where they are to be installed during a period of low temperature, precautions should

be taken to avoid risk of mechanical damage during handling.

97

2 – Cables and cords shall be suitable for the maximum ambient temperature, and

shall be protected from any excess heat produced by other equipment, including other

cables.

3 – For flexible cords and cables to BS 6007, BS 6141 and BD 6500 further guidance

may be obtained from those standards, or from BS 7540 : 1994 “Guide to use of

cables with a rated voltage not exceeding 450/750V”.

4 – When used as connections to equipment flexible cables and cords should be of

the minimum practical length to minimise danger and in any case of such a length that

allows the protective device to operate correctly.

5 – When attached to equipment flexible cables and cords should be protected

against tension, crushing, abrasion, torsion and kinking, particularly at the inlet point

to the electrical equipment. At such inlet points it may be necessary to use a device

which ensures that the cable is not bent to an internal radius below that given in the

appropriate part of Table 4 of BS 6700. Strain relief, clamping devices or cord guards

should not damage the cord.

6 – Flexible cables and cords should not be used under carpets or other floor

coverings, or where furniture or other equipment may rest on them. Flexible cables

and cords should not be placed where there is a risk of damage from traffic passing

over them.

7 – Flexible cables and cords should not be used in contact with or close to heated

surfaces, especially if the surface approaches the upper thermal limit of the cable or

cord.

Protection against corrosion of exposed metalwork or wiring 522

systems

In damp situations, where metal cable sheaths and armour of 522-03

cables, metal conduit and conduit fittings, metal ducting and 522-05
trunking systems, and associated metal fixings, are liable to
chemical deterioration or electrolytic attack by materials of a
structure with which they may come in contact, it is necessary to
take suitable precautions against corrosion.

Materials likely to cause such attack include:

- materials containing magnesium chloride which are used

in the construction of floors and dadoes

- plaster undercoats contaminated with corrosive salts

- lime, cement and plaster, for example on unpainted walls

- oak and other acidic woods

- dissimilar metals likely to set up electrolytic action

98

Application of suitable coatings before erection, or prevention of

contact by separation with plastics, are recognised as effective
precautions against corrosion.

Special care is required in the choice of materials for clips and 522-05-02
other fittings for bare aluminium sheathed cables and for aluminium 522-05-03
conduit, to avoid risk of local corrosion in damp situations.
Examples of suitable materials for this purpose are the following:

- porcelain

- plastics

- aluminium

- corrosion-resistant aluminium alloys

- zinc alloys complying with BS 1004

- iron or steel protected against corrosion by galvanising,

sherardizing etc.

Contact between bare aluminium sheaths or aluminium conduits

and any parts made of brass or other metal having a high copper
content should be especially avoided in damp situations, unless the
parts are suitably plated. If such contact is unavoidable, the joint
should be completely protected against ingress of moisture. Wiped
joints in aluminium sheathed cables should always be protected
against moisture by a suitable paint, by an impervious tape, or by
embedding in bitumen.

99

APPENDIX 4 522-08

NOTES ON METHODS OF SUPPORT FOR CABLES, CONDUCTORS

AND WIRING SYSTEMS

This Appendix describes examples of methods of support for 522-08

cables, conductors and wiring systems which should satisfy the
relevant requirements of Chapter 52 of BS 7671. The use of other
methods is not precluded where specified by a suitably qualified
electrical engineer.

Cables generally

Items 1 to 8 below are generally applicable to supports on

structures which are subject only to vibration of low severity and a
low risk of mechanical impact.

1. For non-sheathed cables, installation in conduit without

further fixing of the cables, precautions being taken
against undue compression or other mechanical stressing
of the insulation at the top of any vertical runs exceeding
5m in length.

2. For cables of any type, installation in ducting or trunking

without further fixing of the cables, vertical runs not
exceeding 5m in length without intermediate support.

3. For sheathed and/or armoured cables installed in

accessible positions, support by clips at spacings not
exceeding the appropriate value stated in table 4A.

4. For cables of any type, resting without fixing in horizontal

runs of ducts, conduits, cable ducting or trunking.

5. For sheathed and/or armoured cables in horizontal runs

which are inaccessible and unlikely to be disturbed,
resting without fixing on part of a building, the surface of
that part being reasonably smooth.

6. For sheathed-and-armoured cables in vertical runs which

are inaccessible and unlikely to be disturbed, supported at
the top of the run by a clip and a rounded support of a
radius not less than the appropriate value stated in table
4E.

100

7. For sheathed cables without armour in vertical runs which

are inaccessible and unlikely to be disturbed, supported by
the method described in Item 6 above; the length of run
without intermediate support not exceeding 2m for a lead
sheathed cable or 5m for a thermosetting or thermoplastic
sheathed cable.

8. For thermosetting or thermoplastic (pvc) sheathed cables,

installation in conduit without further fixing of the cables,
any vertical runs being in conduit of suitable size and not
exceeding 5m in length.

Cables in particular conditions

9. In caravans, for sheathed cables in inaccessible spaces

such as ceiling, wall and floor spaces, support at intervals
not exceeding 0.25m for horizontal runs and 0.4m for
vertical runs.

10. In caravans, for horizontal runs of sheathed cables

passing through floor or ceiling joists in inaccessible floor
or ceiling spaces, securely bedded in thermal insulating
material, no further fixing is required.

11. For flexible cords used as pendants, attachment to a

ceiling rose or similar accessory by the cord grip or other
method of strain relief provided in the accessory.

12. For temporary installations and installations on

construction sites, supports so arranged that there is no
appreciable mechanical strain on any cable termination or
joint.

Overhead wiring

13. For cables sheathed with thermosetting or thermoplastic

material, supported by a separate catenary wire, either
continuously bound up with the cable or attached thereto
at intervals not exceeding those stated in Column 2 of
Table 4A

101

14. Support by a catenary wire incorporated in the cable

during manufacture, the spacings between supports not
exceeding those stated by the manufacturer and the
minimum height above ground being in accordance with
Table 4B.

15. For spans without intermediate support (e.g. between

buildings) of thermoplastic (pvc)-insulated thermoplastic
(pvc)-sheathed cable, or thermosetting-insulated cable
having an oil-resisting and flame-retardant or HOFR
sheath, terminal supports so arranged that no undue strain
is placed upon the conductors or insulation of the cable,
adequate precautions being taken against any risk of
chafing of the cable sheath, and the minimum height
above ground and the length of such spans being in
accordance with the appropriate values indicated in Table
4B.

16. Bare or thermoplastic (pvc)-covered conductors of an

overhead line for distribution between a building and a
remote point of utilisation (e.g. another building) supported
on insulators, the lengths of span and heights above
ground having the appropriate values indicated in Table
4B or otherwise installed in accordance with the Electricity
Supply Regulations 1988 (as amended).

17. For spans without intermediate support (e.g. between

buildings) and which are in situations inaccessible to
vehicular traffic, cables installed in heavy gauge steel
conduit, the length of span and height above ground being
in accordance with Table 4B.

Conduit and cable trunking

18. Rigid conduit supported in accordance with Table 4C.

19. Cable trunking supported in accordance with Table 4D.

20. Conduit embedded in the material of the building.

21. Pliable conduit embedded in the material of the building or

in the ground, or supported in accordance with Table 4C.

102

103

TABLE 4B
Maximum lengths of span and minimum heights above ground for overhead
wiring between buildings etc

Minimum height of span above ground

In positions
accessible In positions
to vehicular inaccessibl
Maximum traffic, other e to
length of At road than vehicular
Type of system span crossings crossings traffic*
1 2 3 4 5
m m m m

Cables sheathed with

thermoplastic (pvc) or
having an oil-resisting and (5.8) (5.8)
flame-retardant or HOFR 3 for all for all 3.5
sheath, without types) types)
intermediate support (Item
15)

Cables sheathed with

thermoplastic (pvc) or
having an oil-resisting and
flame-retardant or HOFR
sheath, in heavy gauge 3 3
steel conduit of diameter
not less than 20mm and
not jointed in its span (Item
17)

Bare or thermoplastic (pvc)

covered overhead lines on
insulators without 30 3.5
intermediate support (Item
16)

Cables sheathed with

thermoplastic (pvc) or
having an oil-resisting and
No limit 3.5
flame-retardant or HOFR
sheath, supported by a
catenary wire (Item 13)

104

TABLE 4B continued
Maximum lengths of span and minimum heights above ground for overhead
wiring between buildings etc

Minimum height of span above ground

In positions
accessible In positions
to vehicular inaccessibl
Maximum traffic, other e to
length of At road than vehicular
Type of system span crossings crossings traffic*
1 2 3 4 5
m m m m

(5.8) (5.8)
Aerial cables incorporating Subject to
for all for all 3.5
a catenary wire (Item 14) item 14
types) types)

Bare or thermoplastic (pvc)

covered overhead lines
installed in accordance No limit 5.2
with the Overhead Line
Regulations (Item 16)

• This column is not applicable in agricultural premises.

Note: In some special cases, such as in yacht marinas or where large cranes are
present, it will be necessary to increase the minimum height of span above
ground given in Table 4B. It is preferable to use underground cables in such
locations.

105

106

107

TABLE 4E
Minimum internal radii of bends in cables for fixed wiring

Insulation Finish Overall diameter* Factor to be

applied to overall
diameter of cable
to determine
minimum internal
radius of bend

Not exceeding
3(2)^
10mm
Thermosetting or
thermoplastic (pvc) Non-armoured Exceeding 10mm
(circular, or circular but not exceeding 4(3)^
stranded copper or 25mm
aluminium Exceeding 25mm 6
conductors)
Armoured Any 6

Thermosetting or
thermoplastic (pvc)
Armoured or non-
(solid aluminium or Any 8
armoured
shaped copper
conductors)

Copper sheath with

Mineral Any 6^^
or without covering

• For flat cables the diameter refers to the major axis.

^ The figure in brackets relates to single-core circular conductors of stranded

construction installed in conduit, ducting or trunking.

^^ Mineral insulated cables may be bent to a radius not less than 3 times the
cable diameter over the copper sheath, provided that the bend is not re-
worked, i.e. straightened and re-bent.

108

APPENDIX 5

CABLE CAPACITIES OF CONDUIT AND TRUNKING

A number of variable factors affect any attempt to arrive at a 522-08-01

standard method of assessing the capacity of conduit or trunking. 522-08-02
522-08-03
Some of these are:

- reasonable care (of drawing in)

- acceptable use of the space available

- tolerance in cable sizes

- tolerance in conduit and trunking

The following tables can only give guidance of the maximum

number of cables which should be drawn in. The sizes should
ensure an easy pull with low risk of damage to the cables

Only the ease of drawing-in is taken into account. The

electrical effects of grouping are not. As the number of circuits
increases the installed current-carrying capacity of the cable
decreases. Cable sizes have to be increased with consequent
increase in cost of cable and conduit.

It may therefore be more attractive economically to divide the

circuits concerned between two or more enclosures.

If thermosetting cables are installed in the same conduit or trunking

as thermoplastic (pvc) insulated cables, the conductor operating
temperature of any of the cables must not exceed that for
thermoplastic (pvc) i.e. thermosetting cables must be rated as
thermoplastic (pvc).

The following three cases are dealt with:

Single-core thermoplastic (pvc) insulated cables

(i) in straight runs of conduit not exceeding 3m in length. See

Tables 5A & 5B
(ii) in straight runs of conduit exceeding 3m in length, or in
runs of any length incorporating bends or sets. Tables 5C
& 5D
(iii) in trunking. Tables 5E & 5F

109

For cables and/or conduits, not covered by this Appendix advice on

the number of cables which can be drawn in should be obtained
from the manufacturers.

Single-core thermoplastic (pvc) insulated cables in straight

runs of conduit not exceeding 3m in length.

For each cable it is intended to use, obtain the factor from Table
5A.

Add the cable factors together and compare the total with the
conduit factors given in Table 5B.

The minimum conduit size is that having a factor equal to or greater

than the sum of the cable factors.

TABLE 5A TABLE 5B
Cable factors for use
Conduit factors for
In conduit in
Use in short
Short straight runs
Straight runs
Conductor
Conduit
Type of cross- Cable Conduit
diameter
conductor sectional factor factor
2 mm
area mm
1 22
16 290
Solid 1.5 27
2.5 39 20 460
1.5 31 25 800
2.5 43 32 1400
4 58
38 1900
Stranded 6 88
10 146
50 3500
16 202
25 385 63 5600

110

Single-core thermoplastic (pvc)-insulated cables in straight

runs of conduit exceeding 3m in length or in runs of any
length incorporating bends or sets.

For each cable it is intended to use, obtain the appropriate factor

from Table 5C.

Add the cable factors together and compare the total with the
conduit factors given in Table 5D, taking into account the length of
run it is intended to use and the number of bends and sets in that
run.

The minimum conduit size is that size having a factor equal to or

greater than the sum of the cable factors. For the larger sizes of
conduit multiplication factors are given relating them to 32mm
diameter conduit.

TABLE 5C

Cable factors for use in conduit in long straight runs over 3m, or runs
of any length incorporating bends

2
Type of conductor Conductor csa mm Cable factor

Solid 1 16
Or 1.5 22
Stranded
2.5 30
4 43
6 58
10 105
16 145
25 217

The inner radius of a conduit bend should be not less than 2.5
times the outside diameter of the conduit.

111

112

Single-core thermoplastic (pvc)-insulated cables in trunking

For each cable it is intended to use, obtain the appropriate factor

from Table 5E

Add all the cable factors so obtained and compare with the factors
for trunking given in Table 5F

The minimum size of trunking is that size having a factor equal to

or greater than the sum of the cable factors.

TABLE 5E
Cable factors for trunking

Conductor Thermosetting
PVC, BS6004
Type of conductor cross-sectional BS7211 cable
cable factor
area factor

1.5 8.0 8.6

Solid
2.5 11.9 11.9
1.5 8.6 9.6
2.5 12.6 13.9
4 16.6 18.1
Stranded 6 21.2 22.9
10 35.3 36.3
16 47.8 50.3
25 73.9 75.4

Note:

(i) These factors are for metal trunking and may be optimistic for
plastic trunking where the cross-sectional area available may be
significantly reduced from the nominal by the thickness of the wall
material.

(ii) The provision of spare space is advisable; however, any circuits

added at a later date must take into account grouping. Appendix
4, BS 7671.

113

TABLE 5F
Factors for trunking

Dimensions of Dimensions of
trunking Factor trunking Factor
mm x mm Mm x mm

50x38 767 200x100 8572

50x50 1037 200x150 13001
75x25 738 200x200 17429
75x38 1146 225x38 3474
75x50 1555 225x50 4671
75x75 2371 225x75 7167
100x25 993 225x100 9662
100x38 1542 225x150 14652
100x50 2091 225x200 19643
100x75 3189 225x225 22138
100x100 4252 300x38 4648
150x38 2999 300x50 6251
150x50 3091 300x75 9590
150x75 4743 300x100 12929
150x100 6394 300x150 19607
150x150 9697 300x200 26285
200x38 3082 300x225 29624
200x50 4145 300x300 39428
200x75 6359

Space factor – 45% with trunking thickness taken into account

For other sizes and types of cable or trunking

For sizes and types of cable trunking other than those given in
Tables 5E and 5F, the number of cables installed should be such
that the resulting space factor does not exceed 45% of the net
internal cross-sectional area.

Space factor is defined as the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of

the sum of the overall cross-sectional areas of cables (insulation
and any sheath) to the internal cross-sectional area of the trunking
or other cable enclosure in which they are installed. The effective
overall cross-sectional area of a non-circular cable is taken as that
of a circle of diameter equal to the major axis of the cable.

Care should be taken to use trunking bends etc. which do not

impose bending radii on cables less than those required by Table
4E.

114

APPENDIX 6 Ch 52

CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITIES AND VOLTAGE DROP FOR

COPPER CONDUCTORS.

Current-carrying capacity

For full information on the selection of cables including calculation 523-01-01

of voltage drop see Appendix 4 of BS 7671. App 4

In this simplified approach it is presumed that the overcurrent

device will be providing both fault and overload current protection.

Procedure

(1) the design current Ib of the circuit must be established

(2) the overcurrent device rating In is then selected so that In 433-02-01

is greater than or equal to Ib 433-02-02

In ≥ Ib
The tabulated current-carrying capacity of the selected
cable It is then given by:

In
It ≥
C a Ci C g C r
for simultaneously occurring factors.

Where :

Ca is the correction factor for ambient temperature, App4, 4

see Tables 6A1 and 6A2
Ci is the correction factor for thermal insulation, see
Table 6B
Cg is the correction factor for grouping, see Table
6C
Cr is the correction factor 0.725 for semi-enclosed 433-02-03
fuses to BS 3036

115

 Voltage Drop

To calculate the voltage drop in volts the tabulated value of voltage

drop (mv/A/m) has to be multiplied by the design current of the App 4, 7
circuit (Ib), the length of run in metres (L), and divided by 1000 (to
convert to volts).

(mV / A / m)xI b xL
voltage drop =
1000
The requirements of BS 7671 are deemed to be satisfied for a
230V supply, if the voltage drop between the origin of the
installation and a socket-outlet or fixed current-using equipment
does not exceed 9.2V at full load. 525-01-02

TABLE 6A1 Ambient Temperature Factors

Correction factors for ambient temperature where protection is
against short-circuit and overload Table 4C1

Ambient temperature °C
Type of Operating
insulation temperature 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Thermoplastic
(general 70°C 1.03 1.0 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61 0.50 0.35
purpose pvc)

Note: Where the device is a semi-enclosed fuse to BS 3036 the table only
applies where the device is intended to provide short-circuit protection only.

TABLE 6A2
Correction factors for ambient temperature where the overload
protective device is a semi-enclosed fuse to BS 3036 Table 4C2

Ambient temperature °C
Type of Operating
insulation temperature 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Thermoplastic
(general 70°C 1.03 1.0 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.69 0.48
purpose pvc)

116

Thermal Insulation

Where a cable is to be run in a space to which thermal insulation is

likely to be applied, the cable shall wherever practicable be fixed in
a position such that it will not be covered by the thermal insulation.
Where fixing in such a position is impracticable the cross-sectional
area of the cable shall be appropriately increased.

For a cable installed in a thermally insulated wall or above a

thermally insulated ceiling, the cable being in contact with a
thermally conductive surface on one side, current-carrying
capacities are tabulated in Tables 6D and 6E, Method 4 being the
appropriate Reference Method; and Table 6F Installation Methods
6 and 15.

For a single cable likely to be totally surrounded by thermally

insulating material over a length of more than 0.5m, the current­
carrying capacity shall be taken, in the absence of more precise
information, as 0.5 times the current-carrying capacity for that cable
clipped direct to a surface and open (Reference Method 1)

Where a cable is totally surrounded by thermal insulation for less

than 0.5m the current-carrying capacity of the cables shall be
reduced appropriately depending on the size of cable length in
insulation and thermal properties of the insulation. The derating
2
factors in the table are appropriate to conductor sizes up to 10mm
in thermal insulation having a thermal conductivity (λ) greater than
0.0625 Wm-1K-1.

TABLE 6B Thermal Insulation Table 52A

Cables surrounded by thermal insulation

Length in insulation
Derating Factor
(mm)

50 0.89
100 0.81
200 0.68
400 0.55
500 and over 0.50

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

TABLE 6E2 Table 4D2B

Voltage Drop Conductor operating

(per ampere per metre) temperature: 70°C
Conductor Two-core Three- or four­
Two-core
cross-sectional cable, single­ core cable,
cable, d.c.
area phase a.c. three-phase
1 2 3 4
mm MV/A/m MV/A/m MV/A/m

1 44 44 38
1.5 29 29 25

2.5 18 18 15
4 11 11 9.5
6 7.3 7.3 6.4
10 4.4 4.4 3.8
16 2.8 2.8 2.4

r r

25 1.75 1.75 1.50

35 1.25 1.25 1.10
50 0.93 0.93 0.80
70 0.63 0.63 0.55
95 0.46 0.47 0.41

Note: The reactive element of voltage drop usually provided for 25mm2 and
above conductor sizes is omitted for simplicity. For a fuller treatment
see Appendix 4 of BS 7671.

125

TABLE 6F Table 4D5A

70°C thermoplastic (pvc) insulated and sheathed flat cable with
protective conductor
(COPPER CONDUCTORS)
BS 6004 Table 8

CURRENT-CARRYING Ambient temperature: 30°C

CAPACITY (amperes) Conductor operating temperature: 70°C

Installation
Installation
Method
Method 6*
15* Reference Voltage
(enclosed
Conductor (installed Method 1 drop (per
in conduit
cross­ directly in (clipped ampere
in an
sectional an direct) per metre)
insulated
area insulated
wall
wall
1 two-core cable, single-phase a.c. or d.c.
1 2 3 4 5
Mm2 (A) (A) (A) MV/A/m

1 11.5 12 16 44
1.5 14.5 15 20 29

2.5 20 21 27 18
4 26 27 37 11
6 32 35 47 7.3
10 44 47 64 4.4
16 57 63 85 2.8

Notes :

1 Where the conductor is to be protected by a semi-enclosed fuse

to BS 3036, see the introduction to this Appendix.

2 * These methods are regarded as Reference Methods for the

cable types specified by the table.

126

 APPENDIX 7
App 6
CERTIFICATION AND REPORTING

The certificates are used with the kind permission of the BSI

The introduction to Appendix 6 of BS 7671 : 2001 (Model forms for certification and
reporting) is reproduced on this page.

Introduction

(i) The Electrical Installation Certificate required by Part 7 of BS 7671 shall be made out and
signed or otherwise authenticated by a competent person or persons in respect of the
design, construction, inspection and testing of the work.
(ii) The Minor Works Certificate required by Part 7 of BS 7671 shall be made out and signed or
otherwise authenticated by a competent person in respect of the inspection and testing of
an installation.
(iii) The Periodic Inspection Report required by Part 7 of BS 7671 shall be made out and
signed or otherwise authenticated by a competent person in respect of the inspection and
testing of an installation.
(iv) Competent persons will, as appropriate to their function under (I), (ii) and (iii) above, have a
sound knowledge and experience relevant to the nature of the work undertaken and to the
technical standards set down in this British Standard, be fully versed in the inspection and
testing procedures contained in this Standard and employ adequate testing equipment.
(v) Electrical Installation Certificates will indicate the responsibility for design, construction,
inspection and testing, whether in relation to new work or further work on an existing
installation.

Where design, construction and inspection and testing is the responsibility of one person a
Certificate with a single signature declaration in the form shown below may replace the multiple
signatures section of the model form.

FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, INSPECTION AND TESTING.

I being the person responsible for the Design, Construction, Inspection &
Testing of the electrical installation (as indicated by my signature below),
particulars of which are described above, having exercised reasonable skill and
care when carrying out the Design, Construction, Inspection & Testing, hereby
CERTIFY that the said work for which I have been responsible is to the best of
my knowledge and belief in accordance with BS 7671:………., amended to
………. (date) except for the departures, if any, detailed as follows.

(vi) A Minor Works Certificate will indicate the responsibility for design, construction, inspection
and testing of the work described in Part 4 of the certificate.
(vii) A Periodic Inspection Report will indicate the responsibility for the inspection and testing of
an installation within the extent and limitations specified on the form report.
(viii) A Schedule of Inspections and a Schedule of Test Results as required by Part 7 shall be
issued with the associated Electrical Installation Certificate or Periodic Inspection Report.
(ix) When Making out and signing a form on behalf of a company or other business entity,
individuals shall state for whom they are acting.
(x) Additional forms may be required as clarification, if needed by non-technical persons, or in
expansion, for larger or more complex installations.
(xi) The IEE Guidance Note 3 provides further information on inspection and testing on
completion and for periodic inspections.

127

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATES

NOTES FOR SHORT FORM F1 AND STANDARD FORM F2:

1. The Electrical Installation Certificate is to be used only for the initial

certification of a new installation or for an alteration or addition to
an existing installation where new circuits have been introduced.

It is not supposed to be used for a Periodic Inspection for which a

Periodic Inspection Report form should be used. For an alteration
or addition which does not extend to the introduction of new
circuits, a Minor Electrical Works Certificate may be used.

The original Certificate is to be given to the person ordering the

work (Regulation 742-01-03). A duplicate should be retained by the
contractor.

2. his Certificate is only valid if accompanied by the Schedule of

T
Inspections and the Schedule(s) of Test Results.

3. The signatures appended are those of the persons authorised by

the companies executing the work of design, construction and
inspection and testing respectively. A signatory authorised to certify
more than one category of work should sign in each of the
appropriate places.

4. The time interval recommended before the first periodic inspection

must be inserted (see IEE Guidance Note 3 for guidance).

5. The page numbers for each of the Schedule of Test Results should
be indicated, together with the total number of sheets involved.

6. The maximum prospective fault current recorded should be the

greater of either the short-circuit current or the earth-fault current.

7. The proposed date for the next inspection should take into
consideration the frequency and quality of maintenance that the
installation can reasonably be expected to receive during its
intended life, and the period should be agreed between the
designer, installer and other relevant parties.

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE

GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS (to be appended to the Certificate)

This safety Certificate has been issued to confirm that the electrical
installation work to which it relates has been designed, constructed,
inspected and tested in accordance with British Standard 7671 (The IEE
Wiring Regulations)

You should have received an original Certificate and the contractor should
have retained a duplicate Certificate. If you were the person ordering the
work, but not the user of the installation, you should pass this Certificate, or
a full copy of it including the schedules, immediately to the user.

The “original” Certificate should be retained in a safe place and be shown to

any person inspecting or undertaking further work on the electrical
installation in the future. If you later vacate the property, this Certificate will
demonstrate to the new owner that the electrical installation complied with
the requirements of British Standard 7671 at the time the Certificate was
issued. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations require
that for a project covered by those Regulations, a copy of this Certificate,
together with schedules is included in the project health and safety
documentation.

For safety reasons, the electrical installation will need to be inspected at

appropriate intervals by a competent person. The maximum time interval
recommended before the next inspection is stated on Page 1 under “Next
Inspection”.

This Certificate is intended to be issued only for a new electrical installation

or for new work associated with an alteration or addition to an existing
installation. It should not have been issued for the inspection of an existing
electrical installation. A “Periodic Inspection Report” should be issued for
such a periodic inspection.

The Certificate is only valid if a Schedule of Inspections and a Schedule of

Test Results is appended.

136

137

138

139

140

141

MINOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORKS CERTIFICATE

GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS (to be appended to the Certificate)

This Certificate has been issued to confirm that the electrical installation
work to which it relates, has been designed, constructed and inspected and
tested in accordance with British Standard 7671, (The IEE Wiring
Regulations).

You should have received an original Certificate and the contractor should
have retained a duplicate. If you were the person ordering the work, but not
the owner of the installation, you should pass this Certificate, or a copy of it,
to the owner.

The Minor Works Certificate is only to be used for additions, alterations or

replacements to an installation that do not extend to the provision of a new
circuit. Examples include the addition of a socket-outlet or lighting point to
an existing circuit, or the replacement or relocation of a light switch. A
separate Certificate should have been received for each existing circuit on
which minor works have been carried out. This Certificate is not valid if you
requested the contractor to undertake more extensive installation work. An
Electrical Installation Certificate would be required in such circumstances.

The “original” Certificate should be retained in a safe place and be shown to

any person inspecting or undertaking further work on the electrical
installation in the future. If you later vacate the property, this Certificate will
demonstrate to the new owner that the minor electrical installation work
carried out complied with the requirements of British Standard 7671 at the
time the Certificate was issued.

142

PERIODIC INSPECTION REPORT

NOTES:

1. This Periodic Inspection Report form shall only be used for the
reporting on the condition of an existing installation.

2. The Report, normally comprising at least four pages, shall include

schedules of both the inspection and the test results. Additional
sheets of test results may be necessary for other than a simple
installation. The page numbers of each sheet shall be indicated,
together with the total number of sheets involved. The Report is
only valid if a Schedule of Inspections and a Schedule of Test
Results are appended.

3. The intended purpose of the Periodic Inspection Report shall be

identified, together with the recipient’s details in the appropriate
boxes.

4. The maximum prospective fault current recorded should be the

greater of either the short-circuit current or the earth-fault current.

5. The ‘Extent and Limitations’ box shall fully identify the elements of
the installation that are covered by the report and those that are
not; this aspect having been agreed with the client and other
interested parties before the inspection and testing is carried out.

6. The recommendation(s), if any, shall be categorised using the

numbered coding 1-4 as appropriate.

7. The ‘Summary of the Inspection’ box shall clearly identify the

condition of the installation in terms of safety.

8. Where the periodic inspection and testing has resulted in a

satisfactory overall assessment, the time interval for the next
periodic inspection and testing shall be given. The IEE Guidance
Note 3 provides guidance on the maximum interval between
inspections for various types of buildings. If the inspection and
testing reveal that parts of the installation require urgent attention, it
would be appropriate to state an earlier re-inspection date having
due regard to the degree of urgency and extent of the necessary
remedial work.

9. If the space available on the model form for information on

recommendations is insufficient, additional pages shall be provided
as necessary.

143

144

145

PERIODIC INSPECTION REPORT

GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS (to be appended to the Report)

This Periodic Inspection Report form is intended for reporting on the

condition of an existing electrical installation.

You should have received an original Certificate and the contractor should
have retained a duplicate. If you were the person ordering the work, but not
the owner of the installation, you should pass this Certificate, or a copy of it,
to the owner.

The original Report is to be retained in a safe place and be shown to any

person inspecting or undertaking work on the electrical installation in the
future. If you later vacate the property, this Report will provide the new
owner with details of the condition of the electrical installation at the time the
Report was issued.

The ‘Extent and Limitations’ box should fully identify the extent of the
installation covered by this Report and any limitations on the inspection and
tests. The contractor should have agreed these aspects with you and with
any other interested parties (Licensing Authority, Insurance Company,
Building Society etc.) before the inspection was carried out.

The Report will usually contain a list of recommended actions necessary to

bring the installation up to the current standard. For items classified as
‘requires urgent attention’, the safety of those using the installation
may be at risk, and it is recommended that a competent person undertakes
the necessary remedial work without delay.

For safety reasons, the electrical installation will need to be re-inspected at

appropriate intervals by a competent person. The maximum time interval
recommended before the next inspection is stated in the Report under ‘Next
Inspection’.

The Report is only valid if a Schedule of Inspections and a Schedule of Test

Results is appended.

146

147

148

149

APPENDIX 8

STANDARD CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR HOUSEHOLD AND

SIMILAR INSTALLATIONS

Introduction

This Appendix gives advice on standard circuit arrangements for

households and similar premises. The circuits satisfy the
requirements of Chapter 43 for overload protection and Chapter 46
for isolation and switching, together with the requirements as
regards current-carrying capacities of conductors prescribed in
Chapter 52 for the selection and erection of wiring systems of
BS7671.

It is the responsibility of the designer and installer when adopting

these circuit arrangements to take the appropriate measures to
comply with the requirements of other Chapters or Sections which
are relevant, such as Chapter 41, Protection against electric shock,
Section 434, Protection against fault current, Chapter 54, Earthing
arrangements and protective conductors, and the requirements of
Chapter 52, Selection and erection of wiring systems, other than
those concerning current-carrying capacities.

Circuit arrangements other than those detailed in this appendix are

not precluded when specified by a suitably qualified electrical
engineer, in accordance with the general requirements of
Regulation 314-01-03.

The standard circuit arrangements are:

- Final circuits using socket-outlets complying with BS1363­

2 and fused connection units complying with BS1363-4

- Cooker final circuits

- Final radial circuits using socket-outlets complying with

BS4343 (BS EN 60309-2)

150

Final circuits using socket-outlets complying with BS 1363-2

and fused connection units complying with BS 1363-4

General

A ring or radial circuit, with spurs if any, feeds permanently

connected equipment and an unlimited number of socket-outlets
and fused connection units.

The floor area served by the circuit is determined by the known or

estimated load and does not exceed the value given in Table 8A.

A single 30A or 32A ring circuit may serve a floor area of up to 433-02-04
100m2. Sockets for washing machines, tumble dryers and
dishwashers should be located so as to provide reasonable sharing
of the load in each leg of the ring, or consideration should be given
to a separate circuit.

The number of socket-outlets is such as to ensure compliance with

Regulation 553-01-07, each socket-outlet of a twin or multiple
socket-outlet being regarded as one socket-outlet.

Diversity between socket-outlets and permanently connected

equipment has already been taken into account in Table 8A and no
further diversity should be applied.

TABLE 8A
Final circuits using BS 1363 socket-outlets and connection units

Minimum conductor
cross-sectional area*

Copper
Overcurrent Maximum
conductor Copper
Type of protective floor area
thermoplastic conductor
circuit device served
or mineral
thermosetting insulated
insulated cables
cables
2 2 2
Rating A mm mm m
1 2 3 4 5 6
A1 Ring 30 or 32 2.5 1.5 100
A2 Radial 30 or 32 4 2.5 75
A3 Radial 20 2.5 1.5 50

*The tabulated values of conductor size may be reduced for fused spurs

151

Where two or more ring final circuits are installed the socket-outlets
and permanently connected equipment to be served are to be
reasonably distributed among the circuits.

Circuit Protection

Table 8A is applicable for circuits protected by:

- fuses to BS 3036, BS 1361 and BS 88 and

- circuit-breakers

Types B and C to BS EN 60898 or BS EN 61009-1 and

BS EN 60947-2 and

Types 1, 2 and 3 to BS 3871.

Conductor Size

The minimum size of conductor cross-sectional area in the circuit

and in non-fused spurs is given in Table 8A. However, the actual
size of cable is determined by the current-carrying capacity for the
particular method of installation, after applying appropriate
correction factors from Appendix 6. The current-carrying capacity
so calculated shall be not less than:

20A for circuit A1

30A or 32A for circuit A2 (i.e. the rating of the overcurrent

protective device),

20A for circuit A3 (i.e. the rating of the overcurrent

protective device)

The conductor size for a fused spur is determined from the total
current demand served by that spur, which is limited to a maximum
of 13A.

When a fused spur serves socket-outlets the minimum conductor

size is:

1.5mm2 for cables with thermosetting or thermoplastic

insulated cables, copper conductors,

1mm2 for mineral insulated cables, copper conductors.

The conductor size for circuits protected by BS 3036 fuses is

determined by applying the 0.725 factor of Regulation 433-02-03;
that is, the current-carrying capacity must be at least 27A for
circuits A1 and A3, and 41A for circuit A2.

152

Spurs

The total number of fused spurs is unlimited but the number of non­
fused spurs should not exceed the total number of socket-outlets
and items of stationary equipment connected directly in the circuit.

A non-fused spur feeds only one single or one twin or multiple

socket-outlet or one permanently connected equipment. Such a
spur is connected to a circuit at the terminals of a socket-outlet or
junction box or at the origin of the circuit in the distribution board.

A fused spur is connected to the circuit through a fused connection

unit, the rating of the fuse in the unit not exceeding that of the cable
forming the spur and, in any event, not exceeding 13A.

Permanently connected equipment

Permanently connected equipment is locally protected by a fuse

complying with BS 1362 of rating not exceeding 13A or by a circuit­
breaker of rating not exceeding 16A and of a type listed above and
is controlled by a switch meeting the requirements of Regulation
476-03-04. A separate switch is not required where compliance
with 476-03-04 is provided by the circuit-breaker.

Final radial circuits using 16A socket-outlets complying with

BS 4343 (BS EN 60309-2)

General

Where a radial circuit feeds equipment the maximum demand of

which, having allowed for diversity, is known or estimated not to
exceed the rating of the overcurrent protective device and in any
event does not exceed 20A, the number of socket-outlets is
unlimited.

Circuit protection

The overcurrent protective device is to have a rating not exceeding

20A.

153

Conductor size

The minimum size of conductor in the circuit is given in Table 8A.

Where cables are grouped together the limitations of Para 7.2.1
and Appendix 6 apply.

Types of socket-outlets

Socket-outlets should have a rated current of 16A and be of the

type appropriate to the number of phases, circuit voltage and
earthing arrangements. Socket-outlets incorporating pilot contacts
are not included.

Cooker circuits in household or similar premises

The circuit supplies a control switch or a cooker unit complying with

BS 4177, which may incorporate a socket-outlet.

The rating of the circuit is determined by the assessment of the

current demand of the cooking appliance(s), and cooker control
unit socket-outlet if any, in accordance with Table 1A of Appendix
1. A 30 or 32A circuit is usually appropriate for household or similar
cookers of rating up to 15kW.

A circuit of rating 15A but not exceeding 50A may supply two or
more cooking appliances where these are installed in one room.
The control switch or cooker control unit should be placed within
two metres of the appliance, but not directly above it. Where two
stationary cooking appliances are installed in one room, one switch
may be used to control both appliances provided that neither
appliance is more than two metres from the switch. Attention is
drawn to the need to provide discriminative operation of protective
gear as stated in Regulation 533-01-06.

Water and space heating

Water heaters fitted to storage vessels in excess of 15 litres

capacity, or permanently connected heating appliances forming
part of a comprehensive space heating installation, are to be
supplied by their own separate circuit.

Immersion heaters are to be supplied through a switched cord­

outlet-connection-unit complying with BS 1363-4.

154

Heights of switches and sockets

The Building Regulations require switches and socket-outlets in

dwellings to be installed so that all persons including those whose
reach is limited can easily use them. A way of satisfying the
requirement is to install switches and socket-outlets in habitable
rooms at a height of between 450mm and 1200mm from the 553-01-06
finished floor level – see Figure 8A. Unless the dwelling is for
persons whose reach is limited the requirements would not apply to
kitchens and garages but specifically only to rooms that visitors
would normally use.

The Building Regulations are not applicable in Scotland where the

Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations apply. The Scottish
regulations do not have specific minimum heights for accessories,
installations are required to generally comply with BS 7671.

Fig 8A: Height of switches, sockets etc.

Number of socket-outlets

Sufficient socket-outlets are required to be installed so that all

equipment likely to be used can be supplied from a reasonably
accessible socket-outlet, taking account of the length of flexible
cords normally fitted to appliances and luminaires. (Regulation 553­ 553-01-07
01-07). Table 8B provides guidance on the number of socket­
outlets that are likely to meet this requirement.

155

Table 8B
Recommended provision of socket-outlets
(All socket-outlets are twin)

Location No. of outlets Notes

Lounge 6 to 10 (1) (2) (3) (9)
Dining 3
Kitchen 6 to 10 (3) (4) (5) (9)
Double Bedroom 4 to 6 (3)
Single Bedroom 4 to 6 (3) (6) (9)
Bedsitter 4
Hall 2 (7)
Stairs/Landing 1
Loft 1 (7)
Study/Home office 6 (7) (8) (9)
Garage 2
Utility room 2 (5)
(This table was prepared with the kind assistance of the ECA, Select,
NHBC, CDA and EIEMA).

Notes:
(1) The number of outlets depends on the size of the room.

(2) Two twin socket-outlets should be located close to the TV aerial

outlet to allow for TV, video etc. and ancillary equipment supplies.

(3) Larger dwellings will require proportionally more socket-outlets

than smaller dwellings.

(4) Kitchens should be fitted with socket-outlets above work surfaces

as well as specific socket-outlets for built-in appliances.

(5) A lower number of socket-outlets may be appropriate in a kitchen

where the washing machine, dryer, freezer etc. are expected to
be installed in a separate utility room.

(7) One twin socket-outlet should be installed near any telephone

outlet to supply mains powered telecommunication equipment.

(8) The provisions for an office at home may require more

consideration with the user to identify and locate all necessary
equipment than is the case with an ordinary domestic installation.

(9) The use of IT and other electrical equipment with high earth 607-02-06
protective conductor currents may require the application of
Regulation 607 to accommodate cumulative leakage currents.

156

APPENDIX 9

RESISTANCE OF COPPER AND ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS

To check compliance with Regulation 434-03-03 and/or Regulation 434-03-03

543-01-03, i.e. to evaluate the equation s2=I2t/k2, it is necessary to 543-01-03
establish the impedances of the circuit conductors to determine the
fault current I and hence the protective device disconnection time t.

Fault current I=Uo/Zs

Where

Uo is the nominal voltage to earth,

Zs is the earth fault loop impedance.

Zs=Ze+R1+R2

Where

Ze is that part of the earth fault loop impedance external to the

circuit concerned,
R1 is the resistance of the phase conductor from the origin of the
circuit to the point of utilisation,
R2 is the resistance of the protective conductor from the origin of
the circuit to the point of utilisation.

Similarly, in order to design circuits for compliance with BS 7671

limiting values of earth fault loop impedance to those given in
Tables 41B1, 41B2 and 41D of BS 7671, or for compliance with the
limiting values of the circuit protective conductor given in Table
41C, it is necessary to establish the relevant impedances of the
circuit conductors concerned at their operating temperature.

Table 9A gives values of (R1+R2) per metre for various

2
combinations of conductors up to and including 50mm cross­
sectional area. It also gives values of resistance (milliohms) per
metre for each size of conductor. These values are at 20°C.

157

TABLE 9A
Value of resistance/metre for copper and aluminium conductors and
of R1+R2 per metre at 20°C in milliohms/metre

2 Resistance/metre
Cross-sectional area (mm )
Or (R1+R2)/metre (mΩ/m)
Phase Protective
Copper Aluminium
conductor conductor
1 - 18.10
1 1 36.20
1.5 - 12.10
1.5 1 30.20
1.5 1.5 24.20
2.5 - 7.41
2.5 1 25.51
2.5 1.5 19.51
2.5 2.5 14.82

4 - 4.61
4 1.5 16.71
4 2.5 12.02
4 4 9.22
6 - 3.08
6 2.5 10.49
6 4 7.69
6 6 6.16

10 - 1.83
10 4 6.44
10 6 4.91
10 10 3.66
16 - 1.15 1.91
16 6 4.23 -
16 10 2.98 -
16 16 2.30 3.82

25 - 0.727 1.20
25 10 2.557 -
25 16 1.877 -
25 25 1.454 2.40
35 - 0.524 0.87
35 16 1.674 2.78
35 25 1.251 2.07
35 35 1.048 1.74

50 - 0.387 0.64
50 25 1.114 1.84
50 35 0.911 1.51
50 50 0.774 1.28

158

TABLE 9B
Ambient temperature multipliers to Table 9A

Expected ambient temperature Correction factor

note

5°C 0.94
10°C 0.96
15°C 0.98
20°C 1.00
25°C 1.02

Note:
The correction factor is given by:

{1+0.004(ambient temp - 20°C)}

where 0.004 is the simplified resistance coefficient per °C at 20°C given by

BS 6360 for copper and aluminium conductors.

For verification purposes the designer will need to give the values
of the phase and circuit protective conductor resistances at the
ambient temperature expected during the tests. This may be
different from the reference temperature of 20°C used for Table 9A.
The correction factors in Table 9B may be applied to the Table 9A
values to take account of the ambient temperature (for test
purposes only).

Multipliers for conductor operating temperature

Table 9C gives the multipliers to be applied to the values given in

Table 9A for the purpose of calculating the resistance at maximum
operating temperature of the phase conductors and/or circuit
protective conductors in order to determine compliance with , as
applicable:

(a) earth fault loop impedance of Table 41B1, Table 41B2 or Table 41B1
Table 41D of BS 7671 Table 41B2
Table 41D
(b) earth fault loop impedance and resistance of protective
conductor of Table 41C of BS 7671. Table 41C

Where it is known that the actual operating temperature under

normal load is less than the maximum permissible value for the
type of cable insulation concerned (as given in the Tables of
current-carrying capacity) the multipliers given in Table 9C may be
reduced accordingly.

159

TABLE 9C Standard devices

Multipliers to be applied to Table 9A to calculate conductor resistance Table 41B1
at maximum operating temperature. Table 41B2
Table 41C
Conductor Insulation Table 41D
Conductor 70°C 85°C
Installation 90°C
thermoplastic thermosetting
thermosetting
(pvc) (rubber)
Not
incorporated Table 54B
in a cable and 1.04 1.04 1.04
not bunched –
note 1

Incorporated Table 54C

in a cable or
1.20 1.26 1.28
bunched –
note 2
Note 1 See Table 54B of BS 7671: applies where the protective Table 54B
conductor is not incorporated or bunched with cables, or for bare
protective conductors in contact with cable covering.

Note 2 See Table 54C of BS 7671: applies where the protective Table 54C
conductor is a core in a cable or is bunched with cables.

The multipliers given in Table 9C for both copper and aluminium

conductors are based on a simplification of the formula given in BS
6360, namely that the resistance-temperature coefficient is 0.004
per deg C at 20°C.

160

APPENDIX 10

PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR SIZING

TABLE 10A
Main earthing and main equipotential bonding conductor sizes
(copper equivalent) for TN-S and TN-C-S supplies

Phase conductor or
2
neutral conductor of mm 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70
PME supplies

Earthing conductor
not buried or buried 542-03-01
protected against 2
543-01-01
mm 6 6 10 16 16 16 25 35
corrosion and
mechanical damage
see notes

Main equipotential
2 547-02-01
bonding conductor mm 6 6 6 10 10 10 16 25
see notes
Main equipotential
bonding conductor 2 Table 54H
mm 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 25
for PME supplies
(TN-C-S)

Notes to Table 10A

1 Protective conductors (including earthing and bonding conductors) of 543-02-03

2
10mm cross-sectional area or less shall be copper.

2 Regional electricity companies may require a minimum size of

2
earthing conductor at the origin of the supply of 16mm copper or
greater for TN-S and TN-C-S supplies

3 Buried earthing conductors must be at least: 542-03-01

Table 54A
2
25mm copper if not protected against mechanical damage or

corrosion

2
50mm steel if not protected against mechanical damage or corrosion

2
16mm copper if not protected against mechanical damage but

protected against corrosion

2
16mm coated steel if not protected against mechanical damage but

protected against corrosion

4 The electricity supplier should be consulted when in doubt.

161

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163

THIS PAGE HAS BEEN LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

164

 PICTORIAL INDEX

A four part pictorial index follows comprising the following

schematic diagrams:

Pages

The installation Index I 166-7

Bonding and earthing Index ii 168-9

Special locations and RCDs Index iii 170-1

Inspection and testing Index iv 173-3

To use the index, turn to the relevant index and find paragraph
references against the appropriate schematic drawing.

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

 Index (v) ALPHABETICAL

See page 165 for pictorial Index

Para Page
A
Alarms, smoke 7.4.1 56

B
Band I 9.2.2 64
Band II 9.2.2 64
Bathrooms 4.5 25
4.7 26
7.2.5 48
8.1 58
Bonding 4 23
Appx 10 161
BS 1363 socket outlets Appx 8 150
Building Regulations 1.1 12
Fig 8A 155

C
Cable
Bends Table 4E 108
Floors and ceilings 7.3.1 52
Ratings Appx 6 115
Resistance Appx 9 157
Selection Appx 3 94
Spans (overhead wiring) Table 4B 104
Supports Appx 4 100
Walls 7.3.2 53
Capacities
Conduits Appx 5 109
Trunking Appx 5 109
Ceilings 7.3.1 52
Central heating 4.1 23
Certificates 9.1 62
Appx 7 127
Checklist
Circuit 7.2.3 48
Inspection 9.2.2 62
Testing 9.3.1 65
Circuit arrangement Appx 8 150
Circuit-breaker selection Table 7.2B 51
Circuits 7 40
Corrosion Appx 3 94
Competent person Preface 8
Conduit supports Table 4C 106

174

Conduit capacities Appx 5 109

Consumer unit 3.3 17
Fig 3a, 3b 21
Fig 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Consumer’s controlgear 2.2(v) 16
Continuity testing 9.3 65
10.3.1 67
of rings 10.3.2 69
Cooker circuit Table 1A 85
Table 1B 86
Corrosion Appx 3 94
Current-carrying capacity Appx 6 115
Cut-out 1.1(iii) 11
2.2(I) 14

D
Diagrams 6.1(x) 39
Direct contact 3.4(I) 17
Disconnection times 3.5 19
7.2.5 49
Distribution board 3.3 17
Figs 3a, 3b 21
Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Diversity Appx 1 84

E
Earth electrode 4.8 32
Testing 10.3.5 78
Types 4.9 32
Earthing 4 23
Conductor size Appx 10 161
TN-C-S Fig 4b 28
TN-S Fig 4a 27
TT Fig 4c 29
Earth fault loop impedance
Circuits Appx 2 88
RCD 3.6 20
Supply 1.1(iv) 11
Testing 9.3 65
10.3.6 79
Electrical installation certificates Appx 7 127
Electric shock 3.4 17
8 58
Emergency lighting 7.4.2 57
Emergency switching 5.4 35
Equipotential bonding 4 23

175

F
Fault current
Measurement 10.3.7 80
Protection 3.3 17
7.2.5(I) 49
Table 7.2A 50
Final circuits 7 40
Fire alarms 7.4.1 56
Fireman’s switch 5.4 36
Fixed wiring Table 3A 94
Flexible cords Table 3B 97
Floors 7.3.1 52
Functional
Extra-low voltage 10.3.3(vi) 75
Switching 5.2 35
Testing 10.3.8 80
Fuses 7.2.5 49
Supplier’s 1.1(iii) 11
2.2(I) 14

G
Garages 8.3 60
Garden buildings 8.3 60
Gas pipes 4.1 23
Gas service 4.2 24
Grouping 7.2.1 41
Table 6C 118

H
Hand-held equipment 3.5.2(ii) 19
Hearing aid loop 7.3.4 54
Height of overhead wiring Table 4B 104
Height of switches. Sockets Fig 8A 155

I
Immersion heaters Appx 8 154
Indirect contact 3.4(ii) 18
Information 1.2 13
Inspection and testing 9 62
Inspection certificate Appx 7 127
Inspection schedule 9.1 62
Appx 7 127
Insulation resistance 9.3 65
10.3.3 72
Isolation 5.1 34

176

J
Joists 7.3.1 52

L
Labelling 6 36
Lighting demand Table 1A 85
Diversity Table 1B 86
Lightning protection 4.1 23
Live part 1.1 12
Load characteristics 7.2.5(ii) 51
Load estimation Appx 1 84
Loop impedance Appx 2 88
Testing 10.3.6 79

M
Main earthing
Bar Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Bonding Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Terminal Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Maximum demand Appx 1 84
Mechanical maintenance 5.3 35
Metal pipework 4.5 25
4.6 26
Metal structures 4.1 23
Meter 2.2(ii) 14
Meter tails 2.2(iii) 14
Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Mineral cable Table 3A 94
Minor works certificate Appx 7 127
Motors diversity Table 1B 86

N
Notices 6 36
Number of socket-outlets Table 8B 156

O
Oil service pipe 4.2 24
Overhead wiring Appx 4 100
Overload protection 3.2 17

P
PELV 3.4(iii) 18
9.2.2 62
Table 10.1 73
10.3.3(v) 75
Periodic reports Appx 7 127
Plastic pipes 4.7 26

177

Polarity testing 9.3 65

10.3.4 78
Portable equipment 3.5.2 19
Protection 3 17
Protective conductors Appx 10 161
Protective conductor current 8.4 60
Protective device 7.2.5 49
Proximity 7.3.4 54

R
Radial circuits Appx 8 150
Testing 10.3.1 67
RCBO 3.6.3 22
RCD 3.6 20
RCD testing 11 81
Reference method 7.1(ii) 40
Reports Appx 7 127
Resistance of conductors Appx 9 157
Ring circuits Appx 8 150
Testing 10.3.2 69

S
Schedules 9.1 62
Appx 7 127
Scope 1.1 11
SELV 3.4(iii) 18
9.2.2 62
Table 10.1 73
10.3.3(v) 75
Sequence of tests 10.2 66
Service position 2 14
Short-circuit protection 3.3 17
Table 7.2A 50
Showers 8 58
Skilled persons 1.1 11
Smoke alarms 7.4.1 56
Socket-outlets 3.6.1 22
Appx 8 150
Special locations 8 58
Spurs Appx 8 150
Standard circuits Appx 8 150
Supplementary bonding 4.5 25
4.6 26
4.7 26
Table 10B 162
Supplier’s cut-out 1.1(iii) 11
2.2(I) 14

178

Supplier’s switch 2.2 15

Supply 1.1 11
Supply tails Figs 4a, 4b, 4c 27
Switching 5 34
Switches, height of Fig 8A 155

T
Temporary buildings 8.3 60
Test equipment 10.1 66
Test results schedule 9.1 62
Appx 7 127
Testing 9 62
10 66
Thermal insulation Appx 6 117
Thermoplastic (pvc) cable 7.1 48
Table 6D1 120
Table 6E1 123
Table 6F 126
Thermosetting cable 7.2.2 48
Table 6D1 120
Table 6E1 123
TN-C-S system Fig 4b 28
TN-C Fig 4a 27
Trunking
Capacities Appx 5 109
Supports Table 4D 107
TT system Fig 4c 29
7.2.4 49
Two –way circuits Fig 7.3.4 55
10.3.3(ii) 72

U
Underfloor heating 8.1.2 58

V
Voltage bands 9.22 64
Voltage drop Appx 6 115
Table 6D2 122
Table 6E2 125
Table 6F 126

W
Walls 7.3.2 53
Water heaters Appx 8 154
Water pipes 4.1 22

179