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    Forensic Ballistic

    Uploaded by

    Jud Aurinto

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Forensic Ballistic

    Uploaded by

    Jud Aurinto
    623 views37 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    623 views37 pages

    Forensic Ballistic

    Uploaded by

    Jud Aurinto

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    Faith Melody B.

    Pacamarra RCr
    Introduction
    O FORENSIC- is dealing with the application of
    scientific knowledge to legal problems.

    O Derived from the Latin word “forum”


    meaning a “public place” were people
    gathered for public disputation or public
    discussion.
    BALLISTIC
    O - is the science that deals with the study of
    motion of the projectile and the conditions
    that affect its motion.

    O Derived from the Greek words “ballo” or


    “ballien” which literally means to throw, and
    from roman war machine “ballista” means a
    gigantic catapult that was used to hurl large
    object such as stone, dead animals or even
    dead people
    BRANCHES OF BALLISTICS
    INTERIOR/INTERNAL
    BALLISTICS
    O It treats the motion of the projectile while it
    is still inside the firearm.
    O . A- Firing pin hitting the primer
    O The firing pin should hit the primer, in order
    to explode.

    O Misfire – it is the failure of the cartridge to


    explode after the firing pin strikes the primer.

    O Defect in firearm that cause to misfire


    O a. Broken firing pin
    O b. Loose firing pin
    O c. Lacking length in firing pin
    O B- Ignition of priming mixture
    O Priming mixture is a very sensitive chemical
    compound located inside the primer cup.

    O Hangfire – is the delay of explosion after the firing


    blow the primer.

    O Probable defects in the contents of the primer


    cup.
    O a. Wet priming mixture (due to moisture)
    O b. The anvil is not properly fixed (slanting position)
    O c. No vent or flash-hole (factory defects)
    O d. No priming mixture at all (factory defects)
    O C- Combustion of gun powder
    O After the primer crushed the priming mixture
    against the anvil, there will be an ignition of
    priming mixture and the primer flash, passes
    through the vent or canal towards the
    gunpowder.
    O . D -Expansion of heated gas in the Chamber
    O There will be equal expansion of heated gas
    inside the cartridge, after the combustion of
    gunpowder. The gas expanded in the different
    direction that tends the bullet and shell to
    separate from each other in the cartridge.

    O Chamber Markings – the marking created by two


    objects come in contact.

    O Individual Characteristics Found in the Chamber


    O a. Irregularities
    O b. Scratches
    O c. Roughness
    O d. Imperfection
    O . E- Pressure developed
    O When a heated gas created by the burning
    powder charge is developed, a tremendous
    pressure is produced in the chamber of the
    firearm.

    O Breechface markings – the markings of


    impact between the base of the cartridge
    case and the breechface of the firearm.
    O . F- Energy generated
    O Energy refers to the fatal equivalent of a
    bullet.
    O G- Recoil of the firearm
    O The recoil of the gun is cause, the equal and
    opposite reaction of the gun, against the
    forward movement of the bullet after the
    explosion.

    O Muzzle brake or compensator – the gadget


    placed or attached to the muzzle of the gun
    to minimize or reduced recoil.
    O H- Velocity of the bullet inside the barrel
    O The bullet will travel the bore of the barrel
    depending on the powder load of the
    cartridge.
    O . I- Rotation of the bullet inside the barrel
    O When the bullet is driven by the heated gas by
    tremendous pressure towards the muzzle ends,
    the bullet will rotate following the riflings or lands
    and grooves inside that gun barrel.

    O Smooth bore firearm – no lands and grooves


    inside the barrel.
    O Rifled bore firearm – had lands and grooves

    O Gyroscopic stability – is the stability of the flight of


    the bullet within the effective, due to the twist of
    the lands and groove from the breech end to the
    muzzle end.
    O J- Engraving the cylindrical surface of the bullet
    O The lands and grooves starting from the breech
    end up to the muzzle end of the barrel, will
    engraved in the body of the bullet, depending on
    the number of lands and grooves as part of the
    class characteristics of the firearm.

    O Metal fowling – It is the cleaning of firearm using


    steel brush to remove the metal left in the barrel.

    O Graphite – it is a lubricant substance used to


    create a depression on the body of the bullet.
    EXTERIOR/ EXTERNAL
    BALLISTICS
    O It treats the motion of the projectile after
    leaving the muzzle of the gun.
    O A- Muzzle Blast
    O A sound or noise created at the muzzle end
    of the gun.
    O B- Muzzle Energy
    O These are generated at the muzzle end,
    whenever the cartridge explodes from a
    firearm.
    O C-Trajectory
    O The curved path in the horizontal flight of the
    bullet, which usually occurred a few meters
    away from the muzzle of the firearm called
    wobbling.

    O Factors of that may affect the also the flight


    of the bullet
    O 1. Tipping bullet
    O 2. Air space
    O D- Range
    O Is the straight distance from the muzzle of
    the gun to the target.

    O Classification of a Range
    O Accurate/Effective range
    O Refers to the distance within the shooter or
    firer has control of his shot.
    O Maximum range
    O Refers to the farthest distance that a projectile
    can be propelled from a firearm up to final
    vertical drop to the ground.
    O E- Velocity
    O Is the speed of the bullet per unit of the time,
    which express in foot per second - this could
    be determined by an instrument known as
    chronograph.
    O F – Air resistance
    O The resistance encountered by the bullet in
    flight, which is early experience by the bullet
    few meters away from the muzzle of the gun.
    O G- Pull of gravity
    O Is the downward reaction of the bullet
    towards earth center, due to its weight.
    O H-Penetration
    O The prime interest of the gun firer/shooter is
    the penetration 6f the bullet on the target
    which is based on the power and velocity to
    ensure depths of the entry of the bullet on
    the target.
    TERMINAL BALLISTICS
    O This refers to the study of the effect of the
    impact of the bullet on the target.
    O A. Terminal Accuracy
    O The size of the bullet grouping on the target,
    usually in the target paper during practice
    determined whether firearms has a defective
    front sight or rear sight otherwise the firer
    himself has a problems not on the firearm.
    O B. Terminal Energy
    O The energy of the bullet when it strikes the
    target. This refers to the fatal equivalent of
    the bullet when it struck the victim.
    O C. Terminal Velocity
    O This refers to the speed of the bullet upon
    striking or hitting the target.
    O D. Terminal Penetration
    O This refers to the depths of the entry of the
    bullet on the target.
    Maximum range of the
    firearms of different caliber
    Weapon Caliber Max effective Maximum
    range range

    M9 pistol 9mm 50 meter 1800 mtrs

    Service pistol .45 50 yards 1500 yds

    AK 47 7.62mm 800 meters

    M14 7.62mm 460 mtrs


    Weapon Caliber Max effective Maximum
    range range
    M016A1 US 5.56mm 46* mtrs 2653 mtrs
    Rifle
    M16A2 5.56mm 800 mtrs 3600 mtrs
    M1 Garand .30 3200 mtrs
    Rifle
    Air Gun 45 Yards 50 yards
    Air Rifle 100 mtrs 200 mtrs
    Rubber Slug 20 yrds 40 yrds
    Sabotted 600 yrds
    projectile
    M2 BMG .50 1830 mtrs 6764 mtrs
    M18A1 .30 4300 mtrs
    Machine Gun
    FORENSIC BALLISTICS
    O This refers to the investigation and
    identification of firearms by means of
    ammunitions fired from the submitted
    suspected firearms.
    O 1. Field Investigation (Police Phase)

    O 2. Technical examination of ballistics


    exhibits
    O (Laboratory Phase)

    O 3. Legal proceedings (Judicial Phase)


    1. Field Investigation
    (Police Phase)
    O Under forensic ballistics, the role of the
    investigator will come into play when he
    responded to the crime scene. The
    investigator will collect physical evidence in
    the crime scene such as fired bullets, fired
    shells, evidence firearms.
    2. Technical examination of
    ballistics exhibits (Laboratory
    Phase)
    O This is the role of the ballistician or forensic
    firearms examiner in the field of science.
    O First the forensic firearms examiner will
    receive all physical evidence.
    O Check all the itemized evidence embodied or
    written in the letter request and compare with
    the actual evidence submitted.
    3. Legal proceedings (Judicial
    Phase)
    O The forensic firearms examiner will prepare
    the ballistics report, the photomicrograph
    and other physical evidences and necessary
    document related to the physical evidence.

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