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    HW 11 Solutions: 3rd May 2019 at 11:11am

    Uploaded by

    Adam Konkol
    This document contains solutions to 4 problems: 1. It proves that a polynomial is irreducible over a field extension using degree arguments. 2. It determines the irreducible polynomials of an algebraic number over different fields Q, Q(√15), and Q(√2) using tower properties and Eisenstein's criterion. 3. It proves that any quadratic extension of the real numbers R is isomorphic to the complex numbers C. 4. It proves that the characteristic of a field is either 0 or a prime number, and defines an injective ring homomorphism from a field of prime characteristic p to itself via the map x ↦ xp.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    HW 11 Solutions: 3rd May 2019 at 11:11am

    Uploaded by

    Adam Konkol
    13 views3 pages
    This document contains solutions to 4 problems: 1. It proves that a polynomial is irreducible over a field extension using degree arguments. 2. It determines the irreducible polynomials of an algebraic number over different fields Q, Q(√15), and Q(√2) using tower properties and Eisenstein's criterion. 3. It proves that any quadratic extension of the real numbers R is isomorphic to the complex numbers C. 4. It proves that the characteristic of a field is either 0 or a prime number, and defines an injective ring homomorphism from a field of prime characteristic p to itself via the map x ↦ xp.

    Original Description:

    Solutions to homework 11

    Original Title

    S_hw11

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    This document contains solutions to 4 problems: 1. It proves that a polynomial is irreducible over a field extension using degree arguments. 2. It determines the irreducible polynomials of an algebraic number over different fields Q, Q(√15), and Q(√2) using tower properties and Eisenstein's criterion. 3. It proves that any quadratic extension of the real numbers R is isomorphic to the complex numbers C. 4. It proves that the characteristic of a field is either 0 or a prime number, and defines an injective ring homomorphism from a field of prime characteristic p to itself via the map x ↦ xp.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views3 pages

    HW 11 Solutions: 3rd May 2019 at 11:11am

    Uploaded by

    Adam Konkol
    This document contains solutions to 4 problems: 1. It proves that a polynomial is irreducible over a field extension using degree arguments. 2. It determines the irreducible polynomials of an algebraic number over different fields Q, Q(√15), and Q(√2) using tower properties and Eisenstein's criterion. 3. It proves that any quadratic extension of the real numbers R is isomorphic to the complex numbers C. 4. It proves that the characteristic of a field is either 0 or a prime number, and defines an injective ring homomorphism from a field of prime characteristic p to itself via the map x ↦ xp.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    HW 11 Solutions

    3rd May 2019 at 11:11am

    1.

    Prove that the polynomial x4 + 3x + 3 is irreducible polynomial over the field Q[ 3 2 ]. (Hint: Use multiplicative
    property of degree. In class, we proved x3 − 2 is irreducible in Q[ 2 ]. Similar argument also works here.)

    Solution.

    Let α be a root of x4 + 3x + 3 in C. Consider the diamond of field extensions:

    Q(α, 3 2 )
    ≤3
    ╱ ╲
    Q(α) Q( 3 2 )
    ╲4 ╱3
    Q

    The polynomials x3 − 2 and x4 + 3x + 3 are irreducible over Q by Eisenstein's criterion, so


    3
    [Q(α) : Q] = 4, [Q( 2 )] = 3.

    These two numbers divide [Q(α,


    3
    2 ) : Q], and so [Q(α, 3 2 ) : Q] ≥ 12.

    On the other hand, the minimal polynomial (aka irreducible polynomial) of α over Q(
    3
    2 ) divides x4 + 3x + 3
    and so has degree ≤ 4. Therefore

    [Q(α, 3 2 ) : Q] = [Q(α, 3 2 ) : Q( 3 2 )][Q(α, 3 2 ) : Q] ≤ 3 ⋅ 4 = 12.

    So
    3
    [Q(α, 2 ) : Q] = 12

    and therefore

    [Q(α, 3 2 ) : Q( 3 2 )] = 4.

    So x4 + 3x + 3 is irreducible over the field Q( 3 2 ).

    2.

    Determine the irreducible polynomial for α = 3+ 5 over the following fields. (You need to prove why they
    are the irreducible polynomials)

    1. Q
    2. Q( 15 )
    3. Q( 2 )
    3
    (Hint: try to use ± 3± 5 as the roots of the polynomial to find some polynomial over Q. Use the tower of
    the field extension to find [Q( 3 , 5 ) : Q( 15 )] and [Q( 3 + 5 , 2 ) : Q( 2 )].
    3 3

    Solution. Let β = 3− 5.

    First, the polynomial (x − α)(x + α)(x − β)(x + β) = x4 − 16x2 + 4 is irreducible over F5 , and so is
    irreducible over Z and hence over Q. This is therefore the irreducible polynomial of α over Q.

    Next, [Q( 15 ) : Q] = 2 so [Q(α) : Q( 15 )] = 2. Since

    (x − α)(x + α) = x2 − (8 + 2 15 ) ∈ Q( 15 )[x]

    is of degree 2 and has root α, it is the irreducible polynomial of α over Q( 15 ).

    Finally, by the same reasoning as the solution to Problem 1, we see that [Q(α,
    3
    2 ) : Q( 3 2 )] = 4, and so
    x4 − 16x2 + 4 is the irreducible polynomial of α over Q( 3 2 ).

    ▧
    3.

    Prove that any quadratic extension of R is isomorphic to C.

    Solution.

    Let F be a quadratic extension of R. Pick α


    ∈ F − R. Then F ⊇ R[α] ⊋ R so since [F : R] = 2, we have
    F = R[α] and so the minimal polynomial of α over R has the form f (x) = x2 + bx + c ∈ R[x]. Then we
    have isomorphisms:

    R[x]
    F = R[α] ≅ ≅ C.
    (f (x))
    The two isomorphisms above come from applying the first isomorphism theorem to the two evaluation maps

    R[x] → R[α] ⊂F R[x] → C


    , −b+ b2 −4c
    x ↦ α x ↦ 2

    4.

    Prove that the characteristic of a field F is either 0 or a prime number. If it is a prime number p, show that the
    map ϕ : x ↦ xp gives an injective ring homomorphism from F to itself.

    Solution.

    The n be the characteristic of a field F , i.e. the least nonnegative integer which generates the kernel of the map
    Z → F : m ↦ nm. By the first isomorphism theorem, this induces an injective ring homomorphism

    Z/nZ ↪ F .
    Now F is an integral domain, so Z/nZ is also an integral domain, so n is zero or a prime number.
    p
    The map ϕ is clearly multiplicative and sends 1 to 1. It is also additive, since ( i ) ≡ 0 (mod p) for i =
    1, ..., p − 1 proves that

    (x + y)p = xp + ( )xp−1 y + ( )xp−1 y + ⋯ + ( )xy p−1 + y p = xp + y p  in Fp .


    p p p
    1 1 p−1

    Finally ker ϕ is an ideal of F not containing 1. Since F is a field, its only ideals are F and 0, and so ker ϕ = 0,
    so ϕ injects.

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