Lesson 16: Accounting Practice Set
Lesson 16: Accounting Practice Set
PREFACE
Accounting is one of the most challenging subjects most especially to young students who
have no prior knowledge or experience of it. A practice set is one effective method of
concretizing the students’ learning by stimulating basic business transactions as it passes
through the accounting records.
This practice set was made to provide the students with an overview of how the manual
concepts taught in an introductory accounting course can be applied to the real business
world.
HOW TO USE THE BOOK
The practice set follows the accounting cycle that starts with identifying and analyzing
business transactions, journalizing, posting, summarizing through trial balance and
preparation of financial statements. The student should be familiar with basic accounting
terms, debits and credits, journals, and financial statements to be able to complete this
practice set.
Students should familiarize with the problem, forms and documents. Read and understand
the entity by knowing the line of business and its accounting practices. A brief description
of financial reports and source documents are also discussed for your reference.
Official Receipts (O.R) should be issued chronologically to all payments received. The
issued Official Receipt should be detached from the booklet and filed separately. The same
should be done with the suppliers’ Sales Invoice (S.I.). However, each Sales Invoice paid
should be pulled out and attached to the Official Receipt issued when payment is received.
The Sales Invoice should be issued by the business chronologically, stamped or marked
“PAID” when payment has been made.
The checkbook stub is made up of a check register and blank checks. The check register
records the cash deposited to the account (assuming all cash received are deposited) and
all issuance of checks. Cash disbursements are through check issuance. Any movements to
the cash (receipt and disbursement) should correspondingly be recorded in the check
register. After all transactions are recorded, the balance of the checkbook register should
be equal to the ledger balance of Cash.
Source documents correspond to suppliers, creditors and other third party transactions
mentioned in May transactions. Cut each document when mentioned in the transaction and
file together with originating official forms and documents. For example, when a utility bill
is being paid in a transaction, detach this source document and attach to a check issued for
its payment. You may stamp or write a word “PAID” to the document upon issuance of
check payment.
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Analyze and understand each transaction to avoid errors in recording and journalizing.
After journalizing, post the transaction to the ledger. Fill in the reference (Ref) column in
the General Journal and Ledgers for each completed posting of journal entry.
After the transactions has been journalized and posted, you may start preparing the trial
balance using the blank pages provided in this practice set.
VJ HYPERMART
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information reliable and verifiable. The source documents encountered in this practice set
are:
1. Sales Invoice - the document that contains the name of the client, the date of the
transactions, details of merchandise sold, number of items, price, credit terms, any
discounts received and the total amount owed. This document is issued by the store
supervisor to clients on account.
3. Check - is a written order to a bank to pay a specific amount of money to the person
or entity whose name the check has been issued. The checkbook is under the
custodianship of the general manager (owner) who approves payment transactions
and signs the check.
BOOKS AND RECORDS
After the source documents are analyzed, the transaction is recorded in books of the
business. The primary books maintained are the general journal and account ledgers.
The general journal records all the transactions of the business in a chronological order.
The recording follows the correct journal entry format of a double-entry bookkeeping
system. Double entry system ensures that for every transaction, one or more accounts
is debited with the total amount equal to the total of one or more accounts credited. The
general journal also records any correcting and end of the period adjusting entries.
The general ledger is a collection of the individual accounts maintained in the business.
The entries made in the general journal are classified and posted to the individual
account ledgers. The ledgers has debit and credit columns, thus the manner in which
the transactions were journalized dictates what column each transaction will be posted
to its ledger.
SUMMARY AND REPORTS
The business will record transactions based on the account titles listed in the Chart of
Accounts. The Chart of Accounts is a summary of account titles with corresponding
account numbers. The account names are arranged with balance sheet accounts first
(assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity accounts) followed by the income statement
(revenue, expenses, gains and losses).
Ledger balances are summarized in a Trial Balance. A Trial Balance is a statement that
lists down all the general ledger accounts and its balances. Balances can either be a
debit or a credit and entered on the appropriate debit or credit column of the trial
balance. After all accounts and the balances are entered, totals of the debit and credit
columns are taken and the totals should be equal. The trial balance is not a formal
financial report instead used to check that total debits equal total credits, maintaining
the double-entry bookkeeping system.
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Finally, financial reports are prepared at the end of reporting period. The financial
statements are used to communicate to different users of these reports, the results of
the operation of the business for a particular period. The financial statements are
prepared following the Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS). The following
are the financial statements to be prepared:
1. Statement of Financial Position
This statement contains the balances of the business’ assets, liabilities and owner’s
equity at a specific date. This can be presented as either in a report format, where
assets are listed first, followed by the liabilities then by the owner’s equity in a
vertical sequence or in an account format where assets are listed on the left side and
liabilities and owner’s equity on the right. For consistency purposes, the report
format shall be used. Moreover, in presenting, there shall be current and noncurrent
distinction whereas assets shall be sub-classified as current assets and non-current
assets, and liabilities as current liabilities and non-current liabilities. The purpose of
this statement is to show the financial position or condition of the business.
2. Statement of Income
This statement contains the summary of the revenues earned and expenses incurred
in a given period of time. Since VJ Hypermart is a merchandising business, the
income statement will show the net sales for the period less the cost of sales. Other
operating expenses will be divided as either general administrative or selling. The
purpose of this statement is to show the performance of the business for a given
period of time.
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management of VJ Hypermart observes the following accounting policies and
practices:
STUDENT GUIDE
Scan the contents of the book and get familiar with the documents and records
Cut and assemble into booklets the following:
Sales Invoice (page 37-40)
Official Receipts (page 32-36)
Checkbook (page 43-47)
Check the following accounting books and records in the succeeding pages:
General Journal
Account Ledgers
Be familiar with the Chart of Accounts of VJ Hypermart.
Study the Post Closing Trial Balance as of May 31, 2019. Post the balance to the
corresponding Account Ledgers.
Record the amount of cash from the Post Closing Trial Balance as beginning cash
balance in the checkbook.
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Record all the transactions on the General Journal.
Fill out forms and documents required in each transaction.
Maintain a file of each document prepared or recorded.
1. Outstanding Sales Invoice file (for the purpose of this practice set, all unpaid
original sales invoices issued by the VJ Hypermart which is intended for the
buyer is kept in this file).
2. Paid Sales Invoice file (for the purpose of this practice set, paid sales invoice
are attached to the original official receipts and kept in this file. This file is
arranged according to official receipt number).
Post journal entries to individual account ledgers.
Determine the balance of each account ledger.
Prepare a trial balance.
Prepare the necessary closing entries.
Prepare Financial Statements:
o Statement of Financial Position
o Statement of Income
o Statement of Changes in Owner’s Equity
o Statement of Cash Flows
Prepare a post-closing trial balance
May 2019
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10 Received payment from Mrs. Perez who availed the discount. Issued OR no.
090.
11 Sales for cash, P10,500 with OR no. 089 and P4,000 on account from Cool
Store under Sales Invoice no. 040
12 Collected in full, account of JP Dormitory, P10,000 and issued OR no. 091.
13 Received electricity bill amounting to P9,350.
14 Paid electricity bill amounting to P9,350. Issued Check no. 23.
14 Cash Sales amounting to P2,210 with OR no. 092
15 Paid the salaries of employees equivalent to one-half of the monthly pay,
P15,550. Issued Check no. 24.
16 Cash sales from customer, P6,500. Issued OR no. 093.
16 Withdrew P10,000 for personal use under Check no. 25.
17 Collected account due of Cool Store and issued OR no. 094.
18 Paid SMG the remaining balance of P19,000. Issued Check no. 26.
19 Purchase merchandise on account from Pure Silver, P18,000.
20 Ordered store supplies from PhilChi Inc..
20 Purchased additional merchandise on account from SMG, P29, 000.
21 Sold merchandise for cash, P33,490. Issued OR no. 095
22 Received a total of P16,100 cash from Mr. Doo of Bibimbaap for merchandise
purchased. Issued OR no. 096.
22 Paid store supplies previously ordered from PhilChi Inc., P5,500. Issued
Check no. 27.
23 Received cash from customers on account from previous month, P10,200.
23 Made partial payment to Pure Silver, P10,000 and issued Check no. 28.
23 Paid SMG, P15,000 in partial payment of account. Issued Check no. 29.
24 Paid the remaining balance from previous month creditors. Issued Check no.
30.
25 Paid water bill amounting to P3,650. Issued Check no. 31.
26 Incurred repairs expense for the store equipment.
27 Issued Check no. 32 as payment for the repairs of store equipment, P1,000.
27 Cash sales from customers, P39,000. Issued OR no. 097
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28 Purchased merchandise from Metro Suppliers P60,000. Issued Check no. 32.
Returned defective merchandise purchased from Metro Suppliers, P5000
cash was reimbursed.
29 Purchase merchandise on account from SMG for P16,000.
30 Paid the remaining balance to Pure Silver. Issued Check no. 33.
30 Paid the remaining half of the salaries of employees, P15,550. Issued Check
no. 34.
30 Vivianne Javelona withdrew cash of P10,000 under Check no. 35.
31 At the end of the month, remaining supplies amounted to P500.
31 Depreciation for the month amounted to P715.
31 Balance of Merchandise Inventory at the end of the month amounted to
P93,165.
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GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Title/Description Debit Credit Reference
GENERAL LEDGERS
10 | P a g e
Account Title: Cash
11 | P a g e
Account Title: Accounts Receivable
12 | P a g e
Account Title: Store Supplies
13 | P a g e
Account Title: Accumulated Depreciation
14 | P a g e
Account Title: Utilities Payable
15 | P a g e
Account No. 320
16 | P a g e
Account No. 410
17 | P a g e
Account No. 412
18 | P a g e
Account No. 511
19 | P a g e
Account No. 513
20 | P a g e
Account No. 530
21 | P a g e
Account No. 550
22 | P a g e
Account No. 570
23 | P a g e
FINANCIAL REPORTS
A. Trial Balance
B. Statement of Financial Position
C. Statement of Income and Expenses
D. Statement of Owner’s Equity
E. Statement of Cash Flow
F. Post-Closing Trial Balance
24 | P a g e
A. Trial Balance
25 | P a g e
B. Statement of Financial Position
C. Statement of Income and Expenses
26 | P a g e
D. Statement of Owner’s Equity
27 | P a g e
E. Statement of Cash Flows
28 | P a g e
F. Post-Closing Trial Balance
29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 085
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
31 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 088
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
32 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 091
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
33 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 094
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
34 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 097
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
35 | P a g e
In settlement of the following: VJ HYPERMART
Invoice No. Amount
Manila, Philippines
Non-VAT Reg. TIN 000-000-000-0000
No. 100
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
Total Sales Date __________________
36 | P a g e
SALES INVOICE
Company: VJ HYPERMART Invoice No.: 038
`
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date:
TIN: 000-000-000-0000
Telephone: (02) 000-0001
Customer Name:
Customer Address:
Total
Signature
SALES INVOICE
Company: VJ HYPERMART Invoice No.: 039
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date:
TIN: 000-000-000-0000
Telephone: (02) 000-0001
Customer Name:
Customer Address:
Total
Signature
37 | P a g e
SALES INVOICE
Company: VJ HYPERMART Invoice No.: 040
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date:
TIN: 000-000-000-0000
Telephone: (02) 000-0001
Customer Name:
Customer Address:
Total
Signature
38 | P a g e
SUPPLIER INVOICE
Company: SMG Invoice No.: 1012
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date: May 3, 2019
TIN: 100-000-000-0000
Telephone: (02) 000-0002
Total P 38,000
Signature
SUPPLIER INVOICE
Company: PURE SILVER Invoice No.: 2001
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date: May 19, 2019
TIN: 200-000-000-0000
Telephone: (02) 000-0003
Total P 18,000
Signature
39 | P a g e
MANILA ELECTRIC CORPORATION
SUPPLIER INVOICE
Manila, Philippines
Company: SMG Invoice No.: 1035
VJ Hypermart
Address: Manila, Philippines Invoice Date: 00921855
Account Number: May 20, 2019
TIN: 300-000-000-0000
Manila, Philippines Due Date: May 25, 2019
Telephone: (02) 000-0001
Total P 29,000
40 | P a g e Total P 9,350
Signature
MANILA ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Manila, Philippines
No. 00921855
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
41 | P a g e
MANILA WATER DISTRICT
Manila, Philippines
Dear Consumers,
Total P 3,650
CHECKBOOK
DATE CHECK NUMBER PARTICULARS DEPOSIT WITHDRAWAL BALANCE
BALANCE BROUGHT FORWARD
OFFICIAL RECEIPT
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
44 | P a g e
ACCOUNT No. ACCOUNT NAME CHECK No. 24
1000-0000-00 VJ HYPERMART
Date _______________
PAY TO THE
ORDER OF P
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
45 | P a g e
ACCOUNT No. ACCOUNT NAME CHECK No. 28
1000-0000-00 VJ HYPERMART
Date _______________
PAY TO THE
ORDER OF P
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive t he presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive t he presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive t he presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive t he presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
46 | P a g e
ACCOUNT No. ACCOUNT NAME CHECK No. 32
1000-0000-00 VJ HYPERMART
Date _______________
PAY TO THE
ORDER OF P
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
PESOS
I/We allow the electronic clearing of this check and hereby waive the presentation for payment of this original to Phil Bank
PHIL BANK
Manila, Philippines
47 | P a g e